This document discusses four peace themes: 1) Upholding human dignity, which is the foundation for peace. Peace education aims to promote human dignity and well-being. 2) Challenging prejudice and building tolerance by teaching tolerance and respect for diversity to counter discrimination. 3) Promoting nonviolence as an ethical choice that has proven effective through leaders like Gandhi and MLK Jr. 4) Challenging the war system by examining causes of war like territorial disputes, differences in ideology or power struggles, and the impacts of colonialism.

1. Peace Theme 1
Upholding
Human
dignity

2. Upholding
Human
Dignity
center of the
values system
that we associate
with social
PEACE

3. Human Dignity
is the unspoken
innate right to be
valued and respected

4. Human Dignity
It is the basis of
human rights
education

5. Human Dignity
A principle that is now
universally accepted but
has not taken root in the actual practice
of many governments, communities and
other non-state actors.

6. Peace education
Its central concern is the promotion of
human dignity and well-being
because of the conviction that this is a
foundation for peace

7. Betty
Reardon
She noted that
the achievement of
positive conditions of
human rights provide
the foundation of a
nonviolent social order
and greatly reduce the cause
of armed conflict
and war

8. Peace Theme 2
Challenging
Prejudice
and Building Tolerance

9. Gordon
Allport
He asserts
that humans have
propensity
towards
prejudice.

10. Gordon
Allport
This propensity
lies in their normal
tendency to form
generalizations &
categories whose
content represents an
oversimplification
of their world of
experience.

11. Gordon
Allport
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination

12. Prejudice
Negative feeling or attitude
towards a person or a group
even if it lacks basis

13. Prejudice
wealthy-looking
people receiving
better service in
stores

14. Prejudice
women losing
out to men for
promotions

15. Prejudice
police paying more
attention to black
teens than white
teens

16. Stereotype
Negative opinion about
a person or group based on
incomplete knowledge

17. Stereotype
• All white
Americans are
obese, lazy, and
dim-witted.

18. Stereotype
• Mexican
stereotypes
suggest that all
Mexicans are lazy
and came into
America illegally.

19. Stereotype
• All Arabs and
Muslims are
terrorists.

20. Stereotype
• All people who
live in England
have bad teeth.

21. Discrimination
Refers to negative actions toward
members of a specific social group that
may be manifested in avoidance,
aversion or even violence

22. Discrimination
Inappropriate jokes, insults, name-calling or
displays such as a poster or cartoons directed at
a person because of their race, color, sex or
gender, sexual orientation, etc.

23. Discrimination
During a job interview, being asked
inappropriate questions about child care
arrangements if you are a parent or whether or
not you plan to have children;

24. Discrimination
questions about your disabilities or health
limitations or problems; your age, your religion
or any other personal characteristic protected
under human rights; and not getting the job
based solely on your answer to these questions
and not your qualifications or experience

25. Building tolerance and respect
for diversity has become an imperative in
a world where intolerance for differences
has become a justification for violence.

26. Prejudice
Types of

27. Racism
The belief that one’s own cultural or racial
heritage is innately superior to that of
others, hence, the lack of respect or appreciation
for those who belong to a “different race”.

28. Racism
the belief that all members of each race
possess characteristics or abilities specific to that
race, especially so as to distinguish it as
inferior or superior to another race or races.

29. Racism

30. Sexism
The belief that one sex (usually the male)
is naturally superior to the other and should
dominate most important areas of political,
economic, and social life.

31. Heterosexism
Negative attitude towards
lesbians and gay men.

32. Classism
Distancing from and perceiving
the poor as “the others”.

33. Linguicism
unfair treatment of an
individual based solely on their
use of language.

34. Ageism
Negative attitudes
held against the young
or the elderly.

35. “Looksism”
Prejudice against those
who do not measure up to the
standards of beauty.

36. Religious intolerance
Prejudice against those
who are followers of religions
other than one’s own

37. Tolerance
Education for
and
Respect

38. Tolerance & respect
One effective way to
challenge prejudice is
by teaching tolerance.

39. Tolerance & respect
Tolerance is not just
tolerating what is unjust.

40. Tolerance & respect
It is respecting, accepting
and appreciating the rich diversity
of cultures and various forms
of human expression.

41. Education for tolerance
It aims to counter influences
that lead to fear, discrimination and
exclusion of others.

42. Education for tolerance
Tolerance is taught
because education is the
most effective means of
preventing intolerance.

43. Education for tolerance
Educate citizens not to accept
hateful propaganda about
the different other.

44. Education for tolerance
Instead, appreciate
other cultures and
respect culture differences.

45. Peace Theme 3
Promoting
Nonviolence

46. Nonviolence
Refusal to do harm to other
humans as life is sacred
and is an absolute value,

47. Why Nonviolence?
It is both an ethical and moral
choice.

48. Why Nonviolence?
Destruction is not the law of
humans

49. Why Nonviolence?
Nonviolence is a practical choice.
Tools and effects of nonviolence
are costly.

50. Why Nonviolence?
Nonviolence works.
Examples of success stories of nonviolent action :
Mohandas Gandhi (India)
Martin Luther King Jr. (USA)
People Power (Philippines)

51. Mohandas Gandhi

52. Mohandas Gandhi
By himself, he started a movement with
thousands of followers using non-violent
tactics. He lead this movement for years
and constantly faced challenges from the
government until finally receiving
independence from the British.

53. Martin Luther King Jr.

54. Martin Luther King Jr.
When MLK Jr. was a little boy, it saddened him
that he could not befriend people who were not
black. He knew in his heart that just because
people may look different on the outside, the
contents of their hearts and their character is
what makes a person valuable.

55. Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King Jr. saw a social problem,
developed a dream, and eventually by taking
action he changed the United States as well as
the world. He is still today among the most well
known social activists in the world.

56. Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King Jr.'s
nonviolent peaceful demonstrations
proved to the world that
action without violence can be
effective and successful.

57. Martin Luther King
Because of Martin Luther King Jr.,
it is no longer legal in the United States to
segregate or discriminate
based on skin color.

58. People Power

59. People Power
It was a series of popular demonstrations
in the Philippines that began in 1983 and
culminated in 1986. The methods used
amounted to a sustained campaign
of civil resistance against regime
violence and electoral fraud.

60. People Power
This case of nonviolent revolution
led to the toppling of President Ferdinand
Marcos and the restoration of the
country's democracy.

61. Peace Theme 4
Challenging the
War System

62. War
War is a classical or international
if it is between states,
or civil or internal, if it occurs between
rival groups or communities within state.

63. War
It is a CLASSICAL OR INTERNATIONAL
if it is between states,
CIVIL OR INTERNAL, if it occurs between
rival groups or communities

64. War
Aggression and major armed conflicts
are interchangeably used
with the word war.

65. Aggression
It is defined as the
use of armed force by a State
against the sovereignty, territorial
integrity or political independence of
another State, or in any manner

66. War
Possible Causes
of

67. Possible Causes
Territorial disputes have been
regarded as the most common causes of
war

68. Possible Causes
A lack of tolerance for differences in an
emerging source of conflicts.
Differences in nationality, clan membership,
ethnicity, or religious affliction

69. Possible Causes
Ideology or power struggles are sources
of power in various countries.
Ideology – set of beliefs which serves as guide
on how power should be allocated or how
society should function.

70. Possible Causes
History of colonialism and the process
of decolonization.
Decolonization - The action of changing from colonial to
independent status

71. Possible Causes
• Competition of resources
• Extreme abuse of human rights
• Desire of leaders to stay in power,

72. Possible Causes
• Narrow or extreme nationalism
• Sympathy for kin across
borders.