3. Outlines
• What is the tongue?
• Development of the tongue
• Anatomy of the tongue
• Tongue paralysis
Definition
Causes
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
-history & examination
- clinical picture
-investigation
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Prognosis
10. Definition
• It is inability of the patient to shrink
little elongate tongue on both side
when tongue out , tongue to one side ,
or left or right called tongue paralysis
11. Historical Background
• The first recorded description of the unnamed
hypoglossal nerve was by Herophilos (335–280
BC).
• The first use of the name hypoglossal in Latin as
nervi hypoglossi externa was used by Winslow in
1733.
• This was followed though by several different
namings including nervi indeterminati, par
lingual, par gustatorium, great sub-lingual by
different authors, and gustatory nerve and lingual
nerve (by Winslow).
• It was listed in 1778 as nerve hypoglossum
magnum by Soemmering.
• It was then named as the great hypoglossal nerve
12. Causes
Damage or lesions to the hypoglossal
nerve.
It is classified to:
Nuclear.
Supranuclear (UMNL).
Infranuclear (LMNL).
It is either unilateral or bilateral
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The relevant checks
• X-ray and radiographs: including the skull, head
and neck, cervical spine X-ray region of the jugular foramen,
and X-ray tomography.
• X-ray contrast
1. spinal cord lipiodol
2. the hypoglossal nerve tumors angiography
3. the carotid artery and (or) the vertebral artery angiography
4. chiari malformation brain imaging and spinal cord iodine
gas water (oil) angiography checks
• CT and MRI : craniocervical junction tumors
underwent CT scans
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1. Speech therapy should be given
2. Exercise for treatment of dysarthria may help to
improve tongue co.ordination and strength.
3. Corticosteroids may reduce secondary injury by
reducing tissue edema and inflammation .
4. In addition to steriod therapy