The second part to the advisor simulation.

1. Starter

2. Describe what is taking place in the source How could this have an impact thousands of miles away back in America? What doesn’t the source tell us about the Vietnam War in 1968?

3. Learning outcome By the end of the lesson we will have.... Examined the decisions of successive US governments in Vietnam by...............Scenarios 6-12

4. PLAY as GAMES

5. Play as Mike Novick ..... advisor to the President.......or if you like you could play as ......

6. Audrey Raines......

7. What’s your current score like? ?

8. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened? Ben Walsh p356 scan

9. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened? It is 1966 now. Operation Rolling Thunder has been a partial success – it has certainly damaged North Vietnam’s war effort and disrupted supply routes. LBJ calls you into his office to discuss some top secret information. You are having immense problems with the Viet Cong and their jungle warfare. He asks you to explain a term he’s heard from some of his senior army advisors. What exactly is ‘Agent Orange’.

10. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange A It is our Marine tactic to take on the Viet Cong and their guerrilla warfare tactic. Undercover agents infiltrate peasant strongholds in Vietnam and systematically take out the enemy. B Agent Orange is the code name for dropping the Atomic Bomb on Vietnam. You advise the President against this – we don’t need another Hiroshima. C Agent Orange was the name of powerful chemical weapon. It is a sort of highly toxic weed-killer used to destroy the jungle where the Viet Cong hid. Vote Now

11. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened? A It is our Marine tactic to take on the Viet Cong and their guerrilla warfare tactic. Undercover agents infiltrate peasant strongholds in Vietnam and systematically take out the enemy. Lose 3 points. Correct, it is our tactic to take on the Viet Cong. However it does not involve Agents at all! LBJ goes away completely confused, and badly briefed for a meeting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

12. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened? B Agent Orange is the code name for dropping the Atomic Bomb on Vietnam. You advise the President against this – we don’t need another Hiroshima. Lose 10 points! Although Agent Orange does involve use of the Airforce it isn’t a nuclear bomb at all. LBJ knows this isn’t the case...and is seriously considering relieving you of your position!

13. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened? C Agent Orange was the name of powerful chemical weapon. It is a sort of highly toxic weed-killer used to destroy the jungle where the Viet Cong hid. Gain 10 points! LBJ is impressed, once more, with your undoubted grasp of all the facts in such a difficult situation

14. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened? Scan p358 text and photo

15. Scenario # 6 – Agent Orange What really happened?

16. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland Airwolf clip

17. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland Bombing can’t defeat the guerrilla army. LBJ calls you into a 3-way-telephone conversation with US Commander General Westmoreland. He tells of his plan to establish secure and heavily defended US bases in the south of the country. From here, US and South Vietnamese forces can launch search-and-destroy raids from helicopters. They would descend on a village and destroy any Viet Cong forces they find. Soldiers had to send back reports of body counts. How successful do you think this policy will be?

18. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland A It’s a great idea. Congratulate the General and assure LBJ that this is the plan to eventually end all the conflict. The Viet Cong haven’t got a chance! B Be a bit sceptical. Innocent villages could be mistaken for Viet Cong strangleholds. Moreover civilian casualty figures could be quite high. C You are visibly shaken. This type of tactic could well backfire. Yes, it will kill Viet Cong soldiers – but inexperienced US troops will walk into traps. Moreover this tactic won’t help win the ‘hearts-and-minds’ of local peasants and could lead to an upsurge in Viet Cong support. Vote Now

19. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland A It’s a great idea. Congratulate the General and assure LBJ that this is the plan to eventually end all the conflict. The Viet Cong haven’t got a chance! Lose 10 points! A decent policy on the face of it – but exactly the type of plan that has left the US with ‘egg on their face’ during Vietnam. LBJ does not share your enthusiasm.....

20. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland B Be a bit sceptical. Innocent villages could be mistaken for Viet Cong strangleholds. Moreover civilian casualty figures could be quite high. Gain 1 point You are certainly right to be sceptical. Already international pressure is tightening on the US administration and more innocent casualties will have a negative effect on the US abroad. LBJ privately thanks the General for his ideas, but confides in you that he is too concerned.

21. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland C You are visibly shaken. This type of tactic could well backfire. Yes, it will kill Viet Cong soldiers – but inexperienced US troops will walk into traps. Moreover this tactic won’t help win the ‘hearts-and-minds’ of local peasants and could lead to an upsurge in Viet Cong support. Gain 5 points The fact you are taking the long-term, and bigger picture, view on the situation really impresses LBJ. He is too used to having ‘gung-ho’ advisors telling him what to do and really appreciates your thoughtful approach to the situation.

22. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland What really happened?

23. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland What really happened?

24. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland What really happened?

25. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland What really happened?

26. Scenario # 7 – General Westmoreland What really happened?

27. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive What really happens? TET offensive video

28. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive It is mid-1968. LBJ phones you up. He is worried. He asks you for your latest opinion on how things are going in Vietnam. You have been briefed re a major new offensive by the Communists during the Tet New Year holiday. What do you say to the President?

29. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive A We should be worried Mr President. This could well be the turning point of the War. It raises hard question for us here in the US. B It’s just a run-of-the mill attack. It won’t be seen as a success for the Communists – the Viet Cong will lose many experienced fighters. C We should be worried, but I can’t possibly see their aim of the South Vietnamese rising up and joining the Viet Cong happening. Can you Mr President? Vote Now

30. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive A We should be worried Mr President. This could well be the turning point of the War. It raises hard question for us here in the US. Gain 15 points. A very wise decision Advisor! For a war on such a scale the USA has to have the support of the American public, but it was increasingly difficult to keep.

31. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive B It’s just a run-of-the mill attack. It won’t be seen as a success for the Communist – the Viet Cong will lose many experienced fighters. Lose 5 points! Yes, the Viet Cong lost many experienced soldiers. But the damage back home in the USA was immeasurable.

32. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive C We should be worried, but I can’t possibly see their aim of the South Vietnamese rising up and joining the Viet Cong happening. Can you Mr President? Lose 5 points! It is true that the South Vietnamese didn’t rise up like was anticipated by the Viet Cong. But the lasting impact on the US public shakes the government, and the President, to the foundations!

33. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive What really happens? TET offensive video

34. Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement

35. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive Bodybags coming home First time shows the USA is not going to win.... Youtube video at the end 2.5 mins Study the graph

36. Scenario # 8 – My Lai & The Peace movement Bodybags coming home Essential Ben Walsh p193

37. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive Bodybags coming home First time shows the USA is not going to win.... Youtube video at the end 2.5 mins

38. Scenario # 8 – Tet Offensive Bodybags coming home First time shows the USA is not going to win.... Youtube video at the end 2.5 mins

39. Undertaker

40. Vietnam vets ali g

41. Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement LBJ is a keen student of opinion polls. He worries about what the media say and write about him. It is late March 1968 now. The President wants your opinion on whether he should seek re-election. What is your advice....?

42. Scenario # 8 – My Lai & The Peace movement A Mr President – you secured a landslide victory in 1964. There are no other genuine contenders from the Democratic Party. You have to stand. B You must stand. Even though you have technically served for two terms ,after you took over from JF,K you could go down in the History books as serving the most time as a President....second only to FDR. C It is your decision – but the Democratic Party is in free-fall Mr President. The fact Senator Eugene McCarthy won 42% of the vote in the New Hampshire Primary shows the anti-war feeling in the party. Perhaps you would be better not seeking re-election? Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement Vote Now

43. Scenario # 8 – My Lai & The Peace movement A Mr President – you secured a landslide victory in 1964. There are no other genuine contenders from the Democratic Party. You have to stand. Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement Lose 10 points LBJ wearily looks over his glasses at you. He realises you’re a patriot, and loyal to him. But he’s had enough. He tells you he’s going to announce he’s not going to stand. You could be out of a job soon Advisor!

44. Scenario # 8 – My Lai & The Peace movement B You must stand. Even though you have technically served for two terms after you took over from JFK you could go down in the History books as second only to FDR. Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement Lose 5 points. LBJ realises he has the hand of history firmly on his back – but despite his excellent record on Civil Rights and domestic policy he knows he will be defined by the Vietnam War. He knows to save his legacy he has to quit now.

45. Scenario # 8 – My Lai & The Peace movement C It is your decision – but the Democratic Party is in free-fall Mr President. The fact Senator Eugene McCarthy won 42% of the vote in the New Hampshire Primary shows the anti-war feeling in the party. Perhaps you would be better not seeking re-election? Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement Gain 15 points! LBJ pours you both some Jack Daniels . You both realise the game is up. Despite a great domestic record LBJ is being defined by the War in Vietnam. He knows his only hope is to resign and concentrate on securing a peace.

46. What really happened? Scenario # 9 – Re-election in the wake of My Lai & The Peace movement March 31 st 1968

47. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger Nixon Manics video

48. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger In November 1968 Richard Nixon was elected President. He immediately calls you into his office where his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, is waiting. Nixon says, “ Advisor, I’ve seen your track record and you’ve made some mistakes. I’m prepared to listen to what you’ve gotta say – but I’m watching you closely. We need an exit strategy to get us out of ‘Nam. What do you suggest...?”

49. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger A We need to go for an all-out blitz. Increase the bombing campaigns against the North Vietnamese to show you’re not weak Mr President B We need to negotiate a settlement. Kissinger could hold regular meetings with the chief Vietnamese peace negotiator Le Duc Tho. C ‘Vietnamese’ the War effort. Build up the South Vietnamese forces, before withdrawing our own troops. Vote Now

50. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger A We need to go for an all-out blitz. Increase the bombing campaigns against the North Vietnamese to show you’re not weak Mr President Gain 3 points. A tactic the President seems pleased with. He realises that although he wants to get out of Vietnam he can’t be seen to be soft.

51. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger B We need to negotiate a settlement. Kissinger could hold regular meetings with the chief Vietnamese peace negotiator Le Duc Tho. Gain 5 points! A sensible move. Nixon, and Kissinger, both realise you have to negotiate your way out of this problem.

52. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger C ‘Vietnamese’ the War effort. Build up the South Vietnamese forces, before withdrawing our own troops. Gain 10 points! Nixon looks pleased with himself – he had the same idea too! Kissinger is immediately ordered to go away and come up with a suitable plan to take this operation forward.

53. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger What really happened? From 1969-73 Nixon and Kissinger worked tirelessly to end US involvement in Vietnam. This was not easy because the bigger question of how to contain world Communism - the one that had got the USA into Vietnam in the first place – had not gone away. They did not want to simply appear to hand Vietnam to the Communists. They needed to use a range of strategies....

54. Scenario # 10 – Nixon and Kissinger What really happened?

55. Scenario 11 Containment You are invited to speak at Harvard University. Your lecture is on the title – “How did the Vietnam War affect the policy of Containment.” What is the central theme of your seminar?

56. Scenario 11 Containment A Containment has been a resounding success – look at the fact that the Communists have failed to take over South Vietnam. B The American Policy of Containment is in tatters. C A more balanced approach – It had failed militarily and politically. But the fact remains is that the USA now has a better relationship with the USSR. Vote Now

57. Scenario 11 Containment A Containment has been a resounding success – look at the fact that the Communists have failed to take over South Vietnam. Lose 20 points! I’m afraid you get the ‘slow-hand-clap’ treatment from the tax-dodgers! They know full well the policy your government has adopted has been a unmitigated disaster! Moreover you don’t know your history either. Vietnam didn’t stop the South turning Communist anyway!

58. Scenario 11 Containment B The American Policy of Containment is in tatters. Gain 5 points! Although you have to be careful how you actually say this. The students are impressed with your honesty – coming from someone so close to the government too!

59. Scenario 11 Containment C A more balanced approach – It had failed militarily and politically. But the fact remains is that the USA now has a better relationship with the USSR. Gain 10 points. A well-delivered speech goes down well – and you haven’t embarrassed the administration too much.

60. Scenario 11 Containment What really happened? The American Policy of containment was in tatters. It had failed militarily – even the USA’s vast military strength could not stem the spread of Communism. It had failed politically – the USA failed to stop the South going Communist – but heavy bombing of Vietnam’s neighbours led to Communists winning in Laos and Cambodia. It was a propaganda disaster – it was always presented as a moral crusade – yet atrocities committed damaged the USA’s reputation.

61. Scenario 12 Memoirs

62. Scenario 12 Memoirs It is now 1980. You have resigned from office as part of the Watergate scandal. You sit down to write your memoirs. What were the consequences of the Vietnam War?

63. Scenario 12 Memoirs A It had a lasting effect on the USA in terms of the impeachment of Nixon and foreign policy. The USA would never get involved in such a conflict ever again! B It had little effect on the environment. C It had a massive effect on American troops and citizens. Vote Now

64. Scenario 12 Memoirs A It had a lasting effect on the USA in terms of the impeachment of Nixon and foreign policy. The USA would never get involved in such a conflict ever again! Lose 10 points! Nixon’s impeachment was nothing to do with Vietnam. And in terms of never getting involved in such a conflict -? IRAQ?????

65. Scenario 12 Memoirs B It had little effect on the environment Lose 5 points! Chemical warfare led to food shortages from damaged crops. The US destroyed 5.4 million acres of forest and poisoned streams and rivers.

66. Scenario 12 Memoirs C It had a massive effect on American troops and citizens. Gain 10 points. It led to drug addiction, confusion and bitterness, stress and cancer amongst the troops. Vietnam has also remained in the psyche of the American population and was apparent when the Gulf War started in 2002. People don’t ever want a return to the body bags coming home....

67. Scenario 12 Memoirs What really happened? Hand out sheet : complete your sheet and the focus task in your books

68. Scenario 12 Memoirs What really happened? Hand out sheet

69. Scenario 12 Memoirs What really happened? Hand out sheet

70. Total up your score Less than 25 – You will go down in history as the worst advisor since the one who said to Neville Chamberlain – that Hitler bloke seems ok, let him carry on regardless! 26-50 - Not too bad. You have played your part in shaping US foreign policy in the period 1963-80. Well done! 50-75 - You are regarded as one of the ex-President’s greatest friends – and regularly meet him for golf weekends! 76+ - Perhaps you were wasted as an advisor. The top office should have been what you aimed for!

71. “ The psychological impact on the US troops was the main consequence of the Vietnam War.” How far do you agree with this statement? [12]

73. “ The psychological impact on the US troops was the main consequence of the Vietnam War.” How far do you agree with this statement? [12] Discussed other main effects – environment, Vietnam people, society Discussed all the effects on US troops: confusion, stress, cancer drugs ATFQ at the end of each paragraph I have completed an essay plan Completed the essay in time, including writing a conclusion where I have re-capped.

74. Turning points of the Vietnam War

76. Turning points FA Cup action over the weekend. A turning point is quite simply the moment when something happens that alters/effects the end outcome significantly. Portsmouth player Sulley Muntari scored the winner from the spot with 12 minutes left after Milan Baros was tripped by United's substitute keeper Tomasz Kuszczak. Kuszczak, who replaced Edwin van der Sar at half-time, was sent off and Rio Ferdinand took over in goal. United had gone close to scoring, when Michael Carrick had a shot cleared off the line. The United full back, Patrice Evra also hit the post. The surprise win took Portsmouth back to Wembley, for the first time since 1942, for the semi-finals and ended United's hopes of winning the trophy. Paul Scholes, Carlos Tevez and Owen Hargreaves all returned to United's starting line-up after the Champions League victory over Lyon - and they met a well-organised Portsmouth midfield. United were understandably furious after six minutes when Cristiano Ronaldo was clearly knocked over by Distin as he raced into the penalty area, but the referee ignored the claims for a penalty. United missed a glorious chance to score after 18 minutes when Tevez and Wayne Rooney led a counter-attack, but the England striker was blocked by defender Sol Campbell. It had been a very good first half for Portsmouth, but United had a problem at half time when Van Der Sar was substituted because he was injured. He was replaced by Kuszczak. On 57 minutes Portsmouth almost went behind when Ronaldo hit a low shot only inches wide. United were taking control, and shot after shot were fired at Portsmouth’s goal only for the ball to be beaten away. Ferguson made a double change after 67 minutes, sending on Anderson and Carrick for Tevez and Hargreaves. United were turning up the heat, with James (portsmouth goalkeeper) stretching to make a superb save from Evra, turning his shot on to the post. After surviving a second-half siege, Portsmouth broke out to take the lead in remarkable style. Kranjcar broke down the right wing and played a ball to Baros, who was tripped by Kuszczak. The United keeper was sent off. Ferdinand went in goal as replacement, but he stood no chance as Muntari blasted the ball past him into the net. Starter task – Use a highlighter or underline the bits of the match that were turning points.

77. Topic: - Vietnam War. At the start of the lesson I knew…… After 15 minutes I Knew….. How has your understanding of the Vietnam War improved? What do I now know about the Tet Offensive? Should I regard the Tet Offensive as a turning point? Why?