3. Introduction
• Use of living organism or their products to modify the human health
and their environment.
• Importance: ?
• Increase in yield
• Clone importance
• Stress and disease resistance
• Emerging field
4. Origins of Biotechnology
• Although it seems like a new thing,
biotechnology has actually been around
for a while:
• Domesticated plants and animals are
the result of selective breeding
• Using yeast to make bread rise
• Using bacteria or yeast to ferment
grapes into wine
5. Historical perspectives
• In pre 1800-yeast used by egyptians
• 1800-1900
• 1900-1953
• 1953-1976
• 1976
• 1978
• 1983
• 1900-2003
Classical
Biotechnology
Modern
Biotechnology
6. We can broadly divide biotechnology
Microbial/Industrial Biotechnology
Food and Agriculture Biotechnology
Animal biotechnology
Forensic Biotechnology
Environmental Biotechnology
Aquatic Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Regulatory Biotechnology
7. Application of Biotechnology
• Food
• Health
• Plants and animals
• Micro-organisms product
• Environment
• Addition of new organism
• Wood industry
• Milk production
• PCR
12. Transgenic animal
Method 1
Method 2
DNA
Embryonic stem cells
Selection cells expressing
desired gene
Inject
transformed
ES cells into
inner cell mass
blastocyst
Inner cell mass
Implantt in
uterus
Foster
mother
Test offspring for prescence of
gene
Male heterozygote offspring to
produce homozygous transgenic
Implant in
uterus
Desired gene
(with vector)
Fertilized egg
pronuclei
18. Conclusion
Biotechnology and its product have created some amazing possibilities as well as raised
fears among many of their potential negative consquences.There is also the moral
dimension of playing with living beinmgs. Nevertheless, the technology and its
products are here to stay.GM foods although help the man being to come out of food
problems but there are also high potential risk damaging local crops
Horizontal
gene flow
Increase yield of food products
Problem faced
19. Web stuff
• 1] BRIDGES Monthly Review. Year 8, Number 3, March 2004.
[2] http://www.biodiv.org/doc/publications/guide.asp
[3] http://www.biodiv.org/doc/publications/guide.asp
[4] http://www.usda.gov/news/releases/2003/05/0157.htm
[5] http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/04-03-10/wtoinbrief.htm#2
• http://listverse.com/2013/06/22/10-problems-genetically-modified-
foods-are-already-causing/
• http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/sps_agreement_cbt_e/c
8s1p1_e.htm
• http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php
Selective mating….yougurt and fermentation…1717 small pox vacine. 1857 loius pasteur fermentation…1917(chaim weizmann us pure cultre in indstri)1928 alexander fleming,1940 used as antibiotic. 1941 mutant mcrobes neurospora,1970 artificial gene synth…1972 transfer of g material chakrabarthy.1972paul berg recombinanant dna.1978 insulin cloning. 19883 Pcr 1996 clone human genome project celera corp 1990-2003.6 contries sanger institute nematoda 100 milion base pairs
Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins. It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein foldingand recognition for protein design principles
