The branch of linguistics (and one of the major components of grammar) that studies word structures, especially in terms of morphemes.

1. MORPHOLOGY
UNIVERSITY
OF GUJRAT

2. 
Morphology?

Terminologies

Classification of Morphemes

Morphological Description

3. 
Morphology is the study of the forms and
formation of words.

Morphology
The branch of linguistics (and one of the major
components of grammar) that studies word
structures, especially in terms of morphemes.

4. 


Word:
Is a sound or sound groups
articulated that express a idea.
Morpheme :
Is the smallest meaningful unit in the
grammar of a language.
An affix:
Is a word element, such as a prefix or
suffix, that can only occur attached to a
base, stem, or root.

5. Prefix:
Is that morpheme which is
attached to the start of a word.
Example of prefixe:
un + kind = unkind
 Suffix:
The suffix is that morpheme that is added to
the end of a word. The suffix may consist of
character more then a single or complete
character. Example: reason + able = reasonable


6. Infixes:
Bound morphemes which are inserted into other
morphemes.
Example: Fikas ------ Strong
Fumikas – To be strong
 Root:
Root words are the basic part of a word that
usually carries meaning.
 Stem:
When a root morpheme is combined with affix
morphemes.


7. 

Free morphemes-units:
That can stand alone as words
by themselves.
Example : TREE
Bound morphemes-units:
That must be attached or
bound to a free morpheme
Example: TREES

8. Open Class Morphemes:






Open Morpheme has independent
meaning.
It can stand alone.
Also known as content words.
Closed Class Morphemes
Closed Morpheme has dependent
meaning.
It can not stand alone.
Closed Class are not re-productive.

9. Closed class morphemes have listed functions…
 Definiteness
Comparison
 Quantity
 Conjoining


10. 
BOUND MORPHEME
Bound morphemes(affixes) must be attached to
the word.

They are two kinds of bound morphemes.


Contractible Morphemes
Affixes

11. 
Contractible morphemes are like;


I will  I’ll
They had  They’d
So, they are auxiliary modals such as
will, shall, has, have, had and would can be
contracted in informal style of language.

12. 
Affixes divided into 3 groups;

Prefixes

unclean

Infixes

nowadays

Suffixes

adjustment

13. Derivational Morphemes
Are those bound morphemes that we use in making new
words or making words of a different grammatical category
from the stem.
Example:
good(adj.)+-ness(derivational morpheme) =goodness(noun)
care(noun)+-ful(derivational morpheme) =careful(adj.)
A list of derivational morphemes concludes;
suffixes:-ish, -less, ly …etc.
prefixes: re-,pre-, un-, ex-, mis-, co- …etc.

14. Inflectional Morphemes
Are those morphemes that are used to indicate
aspects of the grammatical function of a word.
Example:
clean+(-ed)=cleaned

tenses
Inflectional morphemes are also
called(inflections).

15. 
1. -'s (possessive) with nouns
2. _s (plural)
3.-ing (present participle)
4. –s (3rd person singular)
5.-ed(past tense)
6. –en(past participle)
7. – est (superlative)
8. –er (comparative)
*Jane's brother
* pens
*teaching
with verbs *she likes
*played
*forgotten
with adjectives *happiest
*happier

16. 

what's the difference between inflectional
morpheme and derivational morpheme?
Inflectional morpheme ,never change the
grammatical category of a word.
-Old (adj.)
Older (adj.)
While derivational morpheme can change
the grammatical category of a word .
-teach (v.)
teacher (n.)