1. Protein Synthesis
By: Hannah Duminske

2. Eukaryote Cell
Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

3. Cell
Nucleus

4. Cell
Nucleus

5. Promoter Region
T
T
G
T
C
A
A
T
3
A
G C
T
C G
T
A
C G
A
C G
A
C G
C
A
T
G
T
A
RNA Polymerase
5

6. T
A
G C
A
T
C G
T
A
T
G
C
A
T
A
G
G
C
C
C
G
T
A
T
5
A
T
A
C G
mRNA
3
Termination
Sequence
Coding Region

7. A
C
G
T
T
G
C
A
T
T
G
T
G
A
C
T
A
C
A
C
T
G
A
3
C G
A
C G
T
A
T
mRNA
5

8. A
C
G
T
T
G
C
A
T
G
T
C
A
T
mRNA
A
G C
T A
C G
T
A
3
C G
A
C G
T
A
T
5

9. A
C
G
T
T
G
C
A
T
G
T
C
A
T
mRNA
A
G C
T A
C G
T
A
3
C G
A
C G
T
A
T
5

10. Nucleus
Nuclear Pore
mRNA

11. A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
mRNA
Stop Codon

12. Amino Acid
C
U
G
Ribosome
A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
U
A
Large subunit
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Small subunit
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

13. A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
C
G
U
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

14. U
A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
A
C
G
C
G
G
U
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

15. U
A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
A
C
G
C
G
A
U
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

16. U
A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
G
G
C
G
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

17. A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

18. A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

19. A
G
U
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
G
U
A
}
}
}
}
}
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Codon
Stop Codon

20. Recap
First the RNA polymerase will bind onto the strand. It will then
unzip the DNA into singe strands. An mRNA strand will come
off of the polymerase as its unzipping the DNA and will later
break off when finished. The mRNA strand will come out of
the nuclear pore. The mRNA then comes in contact with
ribosomes. The ribosomes will read the sequence of the mRNA
and convert it into and amino acid sequence. The ribosome will
begin to translate at the start codon and the tRNA molecules
will transfer the amino acid to the ribosome. The tRNA
temporarily binds onto the codon and then the ribosome reads
the next codon and another tRNA comes into the scene. After
the ribosome reaches the stop codon you are left with a chain of
amino acids that fold on themselves.