1. Protein Synthesis
Alexis VITE

2. Nucleus
cytoplasm

3. Nucleus

4. T
C
A
G
C
A
C
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
T
G
T
T
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
C
T
G
Protein Synthesis

5. TRANSCRIPTION
The process by which genetic information is copied
from DNA to mRNA.
Occurs in the nucleus

6. RNA
Polymerase
Amino acid
Ribosome
Nuclear membrane
Nucleus

7. A
T
A
T
G
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
C
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
.

8. C
A
T
A
T
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
G
A
.

9. A
C
A
T
A
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
T
G
G
.

10. G
A
C
A
T
A
T
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
C
T
G
G
.

11. G
G
A
C
A
T
A
T
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
A
.

12. A
G
G
A
C
A
T
A
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
T
C
C
T
G
G
.

13. G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
A
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
C
A
G
A
C
T
C
T
C
C
T
G
T
.

14. T
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
A
T
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
G
A
C
T
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
C
.

15. C
T
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
T
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
C
T
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
A
A
.

16. A
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
A
T
C
T
G
A
A
C
T
T
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
G
.

17. G
A
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
T
T
G
A
C
T
C
T
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
A
A
.

18. A
G
A
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
A
T
G
A
T
T
C
T
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
C
.

19. C
A
G
A
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
T
T
.
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
G
A

20. DNA unzips RNA polymerase binds to DNA

21. u
T
G
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
C
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
A
A
T

22. A
u
T
G
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
C
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
A
A
T

23. T
G
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
C
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
A
C
A
T
u

24. T
G
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
C
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
A
C
A
T
u

25. T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
G
C
A
T
A
A
C
A
T
u

26. T
G
A
C
T
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

27. u
u
C
C
T
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
T
A
u
u
A
T
u
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

28. u
u
C
C
T
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
T
A
u
u
A
T
u
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

29. T
u
u
u
u
T
C
C
T
C
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

30. T
A
G
G
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

31. T
u
u
u
u
u
u
C
T
C
C
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

32. T
u
u
u
u
u
u
C
T
C
C
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

33. T
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
C
T
C
C
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
Tu
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

34. T
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
C
T
C
C
T
A
G
T
C
T
G
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
T
C
A
G
A
C
T

35. T
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
C
T
C
C
T
C
T
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
uT
G
A
C
T

36. T
A
u
u
u
u
C
u
u
u
C
T
C
C
T
C
T
G
T
C
T
G
A
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
u
A
u
A
T
u
G
A
C
T

37. T
G
C
G
G
A
A
U
A
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
C
C
T
G
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
C
A
A
A
T
U
A
C
T

38. T
C
G
C
G
G
A
A
U
A
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
C
T
C
G
A
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
C
A
A
A
T
U
C
T

39. T
U
C
G
C
G
G
A
A
U
A
G
A
C
T
C
C
T
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
G
C
C
A
A
A
T
U
T

40. T
U
C
G
C
G
G
A
A
U
A
G
C
T
C
C
T
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
C
C
A
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

41. T
U
A
A
U
A
C
G
C
G
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

42. T
U
A
A
U
A
C
G
C
G
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

43. A
A
U
A
A
U
A
C
G
C
G
G
T
C
C
C
A
G
G
G
C
C
G
T
A
A
T
A
T
U
C
C
T
A
G
G
A
T
C
T
G
T
A
A
G

44. A
A
U
A
A
U
C
G
C
G
A
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
G
C
C
G
T
A
A
T
A
T
U
T

45. G
C
A
C
A
U
A
A
U
G
A
C
G
C
G
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
T
A
A
T
A
T
U
T

46. T
U
A
A
U
G
A
C
G
C
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

47. T
U
A
A
C
U
G
A
G
C
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

48. T
U
A
A
C
U
G
A
G
C
G
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

49. T
U
A
G
A
C
U
G
A
G
C
C
T
C
C
C
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
C
C
T
G
A
A
A
T
U
T

50. DNA
U
C
A
G
A
A
G
U
G
A
G
C
U
A
C
A
C
T
A
mRNA T
G
C
G
T
C
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
A
G
G
T
C
A
G
G
T
A
A
C
T
DNA
Ribosome

51. Complementary base connect between DNA and RNA
with help of RNA polymerase.

52. U
A
C
G
C
A
U
G
A
A
C
A
G
G
U
C
T
G
A
A
C
T
G
A
G
G
A
T
A
C
Pore
DNA

53. U
C
A
G
A
C
U
G
A
G
G
A
C
A
U
Pore

54. RNA polymerases releases both of the DNA molecule
and the newly formed mRNA molecule leaves the
nucleus.

55. TRANSLATION
Process that translates mRNA code into a protein
made from amino acid.
Occurs at ribosomes

56. A
T
C
C
C
A
G
T
T
C
T
G
A
A
G
G
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
C
T
A
T
G
T
A
C
Ribosome
Amino acid
MRN
A
A U G G G C A G U GU C U A A
Nucleus

57. mRNA and tRNA travel to the ribosome

58. Nuclear
Membrane
Amino Acid
Ribosome
RNA
mRNA
TRNA
A U
Cytoplasm
G
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

59. Start codon (AUG) is the 1st codon on the mRNA that
pairs up with the anti codon on the tRNA

60. Nuclear
Membrane
tRNA
Ribosome
RNA
mRNA
A
U
G
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

61. tRNA attaches to the amino acids and carries it to the
mRNA .

62. Peptide bind
Nuclear
Membrane
Ribosome
RNA
mRNA
A
U
G
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

63. Peptide bond
Nuclear
Membrane
Ribosome
RNA
mRNA
A
U
G
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

64. Amino acids link up by peptide bonds.

65. Peptide bond
Nuclear
Membrane
Ribosome
RNA
U AC
mRNA
A
U
G
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

66. Peptide bond
Nuclear
Membrane
U C A
A
U
G
mRNA
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

67. Peptide bond
Nuclear
Membrane
mRNA
A
U
G
G
G
C
A
G U
G U
C
U A
A

68. Peptide bond
Nuclear
Membrane
C AG
A
U
G
G
G
C
A
G U
mRNA
G U
C
U A
A

69. G
U
C
U
A A

70. Proteins form when many amino acids are linked
together the tRNA releases