2. 1. Present- ar, er, ir 11. Ser vs estar
2. Stem changers 12. Imperfect
3. Irreglars- go, zco 13. Preterite
4. Saber vs. conocer 14. Car, gar ,zar
5. Reflexives 15. Spock
6. Se impersonal 16. La cucaracha
7. Present tense with 17. Snake
dipthongs 18. Snakey
8. Verbs like gustar 19. Comparatives/
9. Verbs like-uir/guir- superlatives
cer/cir- ger/ gir 20. Future
10. Hacer+ ______+que+
present

3. -ar conjugation of Andar
Ando Andamos
Andas Andais
Anda Andan -er conjugation of comer
Como Comemos
Comes Comeis
Come Comen
-ir conjugation of describir
Describo Describimos
Describes Describeis
Describe Describen

4.  e-ie perder-pierdes
 e-i pedir-pides
 o-ue dormir-duermo
 u-ue jugar-juegan
* No changes in Nosotros and Vosotros

5.  „zco‟ verbs – conozco (-cer/-cir)
› Conocer, producir, conducir
 „go‟ verbs – caer (se)
› -ir, poner, traer, venir

6. People Facts
Baldo sabe mi amigo La guitarra conoce naranja.

7.  Me, Te, Se, Nos, Os, Se
 Can be attached onto an infinitive verb
 Banate!

8.  Used when the subject is not clear but its
human

9.  Weak vowels – i/y & u
 Strong vowels – a, e, & o
 Break up dipthongs for stress
 Estudiar and limpiar don‟t need accents
because the stress is not placed on the
“i”

10. • Gustar is the verb to like. Which form of the verb is
used depends on whether the direct object is
singular or plural.
• Ex. Singular: Nos gusta la musica
• Ex. Plural: Me gustan sus guitarras.

11. • GUIR in the yo form, the gu = g
• UIR = add a y before the letters a, e, and o
• CER/CIR = in yo form = c to az
• GER/GIR change the g to aj

12.  Shows amounts of time that whatever is
being done took
 Hacer + time to finish action + que +
verb being completed

13. D.O.C.T.O.R.P.E.D H.E.L.P.I.N.G
Yo = Soy el
Tu = Eres ella es
-In the present (current)
usted
Yo = Soy We = Estamos
-from
Tu = estas Tu = estais
3rd = esta 3rd - estan

14.  To express what used to happen, or
happened repeatedly in the past
 To describe people or things in the past
tense
 To describe a state of mind, an opinion,
or feeling in the past
 To express the time of day in the past
 Action interrupted by another action
 To set the stage, describe a situation or
setting

15. IR SER
iba ibamos To describe people era eramos
or things in the past
ibas tense eras
iban era eran
iba
VER
To express what
To describe a
used to happen, or veia vieamos state of mind,
happened
an opinion, or
repeatedly in the veias feeling in the
past
past
veia vian
Trigger Words = Siempre, A veces, A
menudo, Cadadia, Todos los dias

16. Snake Snakey
Trigger Words
•Un dia •E -> I •O ->y
•Una vez •O -> u •E -> y
•Ayer
•Hacer un ano
•Ya
Andar-> Anduv
Estar -> estuv
Poder -> pud Hacer Dar/ ver Ir/ Ser
Poner -> pus Hice D/ Vi Fui
Querer -> Quis Hiciste D/ viste Fuiste
Saber -> sup Hizo D/ io Fue
Tener -> tuv Hicimos D/ imos Fuermos
Vener -> vin Hicieron D/ ieron Fueron

17.  Mas/Menos adjectiveque
 Mas/Menos adjectivede
 Bueno/a -> mejor
 Malo/a -> peor
 Grande -> mayor
 Pequeno/a -> menor
 Joven -> menor
 Viejo/a -> mayor

18.  Trigger Words
• La semana
• Proxima
• Manana
• Pasado semana
• Ano
• Pasado ano

19. 1. Preterite vs. Imperfect
2. Future vs. Conditional
3. Por
4. Para
5. Por vs. Para
6. Commands

20. Trigger Words To express what
•Un dia used to happen,
•Una vez or happened
•Ayer repeatedly in the
•Hacer un ano past
•Ya
To describe
people or
things in the
past tense
To describe a
state of mind, an
opinion, or
feeling in the
past

21. Trigger Words
Future = WILL •La semana IRREGULARS
•Proxima FOR BOTH
E emos •Manana tendr-
As eis •Pasado semana vendr-
A an •Ano pondr-
•Pasado ano saldr-
sabr-
podr-
Conditional = WOULD habr-
cabr-
dir-
Ia iamos har-
Ias iais querr-
Ia ian

22.  Along, through, around, by or about
 Time or duration
 Cause (not porpose)
 Per
 Supporting or in favor of
 Agent of an action
 Means of transportation
 Numerous expressions

23.  For the purpose of or in order to
 For the benefit of or directed to
 To or in the direction of a specific place
 By or for referring to a specific time

24. Para: Por:
Destination- Paraguay Through- Portal
Purpose- Parasites live Location- Portugal
in your body to stay Time- Porever
alive Cause of- Porpose
To make an opionion- Exchange-
Paradon me, but… Import/Export
Compare/Contrast- Means of doing
Compara something inplace
Deadline- Paramedic of someone else- I‟m
por, pay for me

25. Tu Usted Nosotros
Positive: Drop Put it in Put it in the
the „s‟ of the the „yo‟ „nosotros‟
second tú form. form and form, add the
Irregulars: di, change the opposite
haz, ve, pon, sal, ending to ending
sé, ten, ven the
opposite Irregulars:
Negative: Put it vowel. TVDISHES
in the „yo‟ form
and change the Irregulars:
ending to the TVDISHES
opposite vowel,
add an „s‟
Irregulars:
TVDISHES

26.  It‟s formed by using the present tense of
the auxiliary verb “haber” with the past
participle.
He
-ar verb: drop infinitive
Has
ending and add –ado
Ha +
-er/-ir verb: drop infinitive
Hemos
ending and add -ido
Han

27.  The direct object pronouns are: me, te,
lo/la, nos, los/las.
 The indirect object pronouns are: me, te,
le, nos, les.
-Positive: Giver her the ball.
Dé la pelota a ella.
Désela. (Give it to her.)
-Negative: No se la des.

28.  Adverbs are formed by adding –mente to
the feminine singular form of the
adjective.
 Some adverbs don‟t add –mente. Some
are: bastante (quite), demasiado (too),
mal (badly), mucho (a lot), muy (very),
nunca (never), peor (worse), poco (little),
and siempre (always).

29.  The subjunctive is not a tense, it‟s a mood. Tense refers to
when an action takes place (past, present, future), while
mood reflects how the speaker feels about the action.
Wish, want
Emotion
Doubt
Denial
Impersonal expression
Negation, non-existing
God, guess
Wedding for short

30.  Ir + present participle=
slowly but surely ___-ing.
 Andar + present participle=
is going around ___-ing.
 Seguir +present participle=
is still ___-ing.