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Education in Norway
Compulsory primary and lower secondary schooling in Norway lasts for ten years and children start school the year they become six.
Primary and lower secondary education is founded on the principle of equity and adapted education for all pupils in a school system based on the same National Curriculum. All children and young people are to share a common foundation of knowledge, culture and values.
Compulsory education is divided into two main stages: Primary school (grades 1–7) and lower secondary school (grades 8–10).
Students get individual assessments without marks from grade 1 – 7, and assessments with marks from grade 8. The assessments are given with numbers from 1 to 6.
Objectives and Curriculum in the Knowledge Promotion
In the autumn of 2006 the school reform called The Knowledge Promotion was introduced. The objectives and quality framework for primary and secondary education and training are laid down in The National Curriculum for the Knowledge Promotion which applies to all levels of primary and secondary education and training and comprises:
The Core Curriculum Quality Framework Subject Curricula Distribution of teaching hours per subject Individual Assessment
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Norwegian The subject curricula include competence aims for the pupils after certain grades. All the subjects have competence aims after grades 4, 7 and 10 and after each level in upper secondary education and training. Some subjects also have competence aims after grade 2.
In the subject curricula the five basic skills are integrated in a way that is adapted to each subject. These skills are: Being able to read, being able to express oneself orally, being able to express oneself in writing, being able to develop numeracy and being able to use digital tools.
The Subjects of Primary and Lower Secondary Education
Mathematics Social Science Christianity, Religion and Ethics Education (CREE) Arts and Crafts Natural Science English Foreign Languages/ Language In-depth Studies Food and Health Music Physical Education Student Council Work Optional Programme Subject
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English is a compulsory foreign language from grade 1. In the lower secondary school pupils can in addition choose between another foreign language and in-depth studies in Norwegian or English or Sami. At the lower secondary level there are specially designated periods for student council work. For deaf pupils there are curricula for Sign Language as first language, Sign Language In-depth Studies and adapted curricula in Norwegian, English and Drama and Rhythm.
Day Care Facilities for School Children (SFO)
From 1 January 1999 all municipalities have been legally obliged to provide day care facilities before and after school for children in grades 1 – 4. These facilities are to allow the children to play and have cultural and leisure activities that are suited for their age, functional level and interests. Day care facilities are to provide good conditions for development for children with disabilities. From grade 1 – 4 students get help for homework at school.
Upper Secondary Education and Training
Upper secondary education and training comprises all courses leading to qualifications above the lower secondary level and below the level of higher education.
Young people who have completed primary and lower secondary education, or the equivalent, have a right to three years’ upper secondary education and training leading either to admission to higher education, to vocational qualifications or to basic skills. All these young people are
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entitled to a place on one of three alternative education programmes they
have applied for admission to, and to two years’ further schooling that is based on this education programme.
Pupils in vocational education and training can achieve the qualifications necessary for admission to universities and university colleges (university admissions certification) by taking a supplementary programme for general university admissions certification. The county authorities are legally obliged to follow up young people between the ages of 16 and 21 who neither attend a course of education nor are employed. Pupils who have a right to special needs education have the right to an extra two years of upper secondary education or training if it is necessary for him/her to achieve his/her educational objectives. This right also applies to pupils who have the right to education in sign language or the right to education in Braille. Adults born before 1 January 1978 and who have not earlier completed upper secondary education or training, have a statutory right to upper secondary education or training.
General Studies and Vocational Studies
Upper secondary education and training is available all over the country so as to ensure an equal education for all. Earlier there were a number of different types of school offering upper secondary education courses of varying length, but since 1976 Norway has had a unified upper secondary structure that coordinates general studies and vocational studies. The education and training normally takes three years, divided into three levels: Vg1, Vg2 and Vg3 (in a few cases four years with a Vg4). Vocational education and training mainly leads to a craft or journeyman’s certificate,
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usually after two years in school and one year in-service training in an enterprise.
In-service training at a training establishment is usually combined with one year’s productive work, so that the apprenticeship takes two years in all. If it is impossible to provide enough training places, the county authorities are obliged to offer Vg3 in school, in which case there is no productive work. The final craft or journeyman’s examination is the same as it would have been after training in a training establishment. When it comes to subjects that are not recognized trades, vocational education will only be given in school and lead to vocational qualifications.
General studies take three years and lead to general university admissions certification. It is possible for pupils who have finished their vocational education at Vg1 and Vg2 to take Vg3 supplementary programme for general university admissions certification
The Structure of Upper Secondary Education and Training:
Upper secondary education and training is organized in 12 different education programmes.
Programmes for General Studies: Programme for Specialization in General Studies Programme for Sports and Physical Education Programme for Music, Dance and Drama
Vocational Education Programmes: Programme for Building and Construction Programme for Design, Arts and Crafts
8. 8 Programme for Health and Social Care Programme for Media and Communication Programme for Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry Programme for Restaurant and Food Processing Programme for Service and Transport Programme for Technical and Industrial Production
Higher Education
Facts
– 7 universities
– 7 specialized institutions at university level (including 1 private)
– 24 state university colleges, 2 national institutes of the arts and 2 private university colleges
-31 private institutions with accredited study programmes (22 of which receive some public funding) Approx. 195 000 students, of whom approximately 24 500 study at private colleges/university colleges
Higher education is based on research and usually builds on three years’ completed and passed upper secondary education.
Most institutions of higher education are state-run and are responsible for the quality of their own instruction, research and dissemination of knowledge. About 12.5 per cent of students in higher education attend private institutions. Higher education builds on the successful completion of three years of upper secondary school. Since 2001, access can also be granted for those older than 25 years on the basis of a documented combination of formal, informal and non-formal competence (total
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Education in Portugal
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Public schools are financed by the Government.
Some private schools are supported by the Government where there is shortage of offer.
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
PRE-SCHOOL - Is not compulsory and is free Age: 3 to 6 years old Classes up to 25 children - 25 hours a week - 1 preschool teacher per class There are national curricular guidelines - Descriptive evaluation. There are family support services – Is not free . Lunch at school costs 1, 40 €, but if the students are from families with low incomes, don’t pay or pay half (0, 73€)
PRIMARY SCHOOL - First cycle of basic education: 4 years (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th forms) - Public –Free and compulsory - • Ages: 6 to 10 years old. Classes up to 24 students. - 25 hours a week - 1 teacher per class. Curriculum and National Programs (Portuguese Language, Mathematics, Environmental Studies, Artistic Expression, Music, Drama, Physical Education and Speech-Motor, Project, Supported Study, Civics)
• Descriptive evaluation.
Curricular Enrichment Activities (extra-activities)- English, Music,
Physical Education and Sport, and others) . Is not compulsory and is free .
Lunch at school costs 1,40 € but if the students are from families with low incomes, don’t pay or pay half (0,73€)
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SECOND CYCLE OF BASIC EDUCATION - 2 years ( 5th and 6th forms) - Public –Free and compulsory - Ages: 10 to 12 years old. - Classes up to 28 students - 16 lessons of 90 minutes a week. - Many teachers for the same class.
Curriculum and National Programs (Portuguese Language, Mathematics, History and Geography of Portugal, Science,1 Foreign Languages (English or French), Visual and Technological Education, Musical Education, Physical Education, Project, Supported Study, Civics, Religious and Moral Education ( optional)) .Evaluation from level 1 to 5 -• Curricular Enrichment Activities - Sports and Cultural Clubs . Lunch at school costs 1,40 € but if the students are from families with low incomes, don’t pay or pay half (0,73€)
THIRD CYCLE OF BASIC EDUCATION - 3years ( 7th ,8th ,9th Forms) ,Public - Ages: 12 to 15 years old - Classes up to 28 students - 17 lesson of 90 minutes a week - Many teachers for the same class Curriculum and National Programs (Portuguese Language, Mathematics, History, Geography, Natural Sciences,2 Foreign Languages I and II (English and French), Visual Education, Technological Education (a subject offered by the School), Information and Communication (9 th Form), Physical Education, Religious and Moral Education (optional)) - Evaluation from level 1 to 5 . Curricular Enrichment Activities – Sports and Cultural Clubs .Lunch at school costs 1,40 € but if the students are
from families with low incomes, don’t pay or pay half (0,73€) .
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SECONDARY EDUCATION - 3 years , ( 10th,11thand12th forms the last year before the University) - Public - Unpaid - Ages: 15 to 18 years old
Classes up to 28 students - 18 lessons of 90 minutes a week - Many
teachers for the same class - National Curriculum and Programs
Common Component (Portuguese Language, Foreign Language, Philosophy and Physical Education)
• Specific Component
• Religious and Moral Education (optional)
Courses:
• Scientific-Technological
• Technology
• Specialized Artistic
• Professional
Evaluation from level 1 to 20. Curricular Enrichment Activities – Sports and Cultural Clubs . Lunch at school costs 1,40 € but if the students are from families with low incomes, don’t pay or pay half (0,73€)
EXAMS AND TESTS
• Assessment Tests of Portuguese, Mathematics for 4th and 6th Forms.
• Exams of Portuguese Language and Mathematics for 9th Form
• National Exams of Portuguese Language and Specific school subjects of Secondary Education
NATIONAL PROJECTS - Mathematics Action Plan • Technological Plan • National Reading Plan • Portuguese Action Plan .
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UNIVERSITY - We have well-know universities in the area:
Engineering-Instituto Superior Técnico(Lisboa) and Oporto;
• Medicine- Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra-To enter the Medical School,students must have between 18 and 20 in the final evaluation and exames results.
STUDENTS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS - Integrated into regular classes – up to 20 students . Specialized Units in some schools (concentration of students from various places):
• Deafness - Blindness - Autism - Multiple disabilities
• Special schools for the most serious cases • Resource Centers:
• Inclusion (material and human resources) - ICT (technological resources)
SCHOOL CALENDAR
School year between September 1 and August 31 :
The teachers begin on 1st September;
The students begin on second week of September.Activities during 180 days set by the Ministry of Education .
Interruptions: Christmas - 2 weeks - Carnival - 3 days - Easter - 2 weeks - Summer Holidays - July and August
TEACHERS - Must have a professional degree (Bachelor or Master Degree) - School Boards - National placing - School hiring for transitional needs - 10 placements in the professional career. Compulsory continuing updating for reaching the next placement in the career .
Performance assessment each cycle of two years
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PRIMARY SCHOOLS
It`s the first stage of education. In Poland, going to primary school is compulsory. Parents have the opportunity to choose so called: home schooling and they can teach their kids at home
LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Lower Secondary schools have existed in Poland since1999. It`s the second stage of education in Poland and it`s als0 compulsory. Students graduate from schoolafter3 years of studying. At the end of the third year students sit an exam called Egzamin Gimnazjalny
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
It`s a secondaryl evel vocational school. After completing the technikum students may continue their education at colleges and universities.
COMPREHESIVE SCHOOLS
Now, in Poland, after competing 6-year primary school and 3-year lower secondary school, a student can choose to continue his education in a comprehensive school.
At the end of any secondary school(technikum, liceum) Polish students take a final exam called MATURA ( similar to A-levels in England)
Young Poles must pass MATURA exam before attempting to gain places at universities or colleges
Education in Poland
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UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
It`s a 3 year upper secondary school with 12 various specializations leading to the MATURA exam. There are different specializations, e.g.:
-clothes designing - -transport - -information technologies - -social care
-creating the environment - -and many others
VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS
It`s a 2 year secondary vocational school. You can choose this school after completing GIMNAZJUM ( lower secondary school) Here, you can learn to be a good worker, e.g. to be a good shop- assistant, baker, mechanic, plumber, driver etc..
You cannot sit MATURA exam after completing it
GRADUATE STUDIES
Degrees awarded to graduate students include master's degrees and other postgraduate qualifications such as graduate certificates and professional degrees. Producing original research is a significant component of graduate studies, including the writing and defense of a thesis.
BACHELOR`S DEGREE
A Bachelor's degree is the certificate given to a university student after he has completed three years of study.
Students get the certification of so called „inżynier” or„licencjat.”
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Education in Turkey
Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with the Atatürk’s principles:
Republicanism
Populism
Secularism
Nationalism
Statism
Revolutionism
The Turkish education system is organized on the basis of Constitution of the Turkish Republic and Laws Regulating Education and Instruction :
Government Programs
Development Plans
National Education Councils
Government of Education
Ministry of National Education , is responsible for formal education
(pre-school education, primary education and secondary education).
The Council of Higher Education (YOK) is responsible for the planning, coordination and supervision of higher education.
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Formal Education
Formal education is regular education provided in formal schools. In Turkish National Education System, formal education is formed of four parts as:
Pre-School
Primary
Secondary
Higher Education
Compulsory Education
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The new education system has been implemented in 2012-2013 education year.
Preschool Education
At least 1 year is mandatory. Integrated into general education . 4 – 6 age group
Kindergartens
Pre- primary schools
Pre-primary classes in general schools
Primary Education— Free in public schools— Compulsory for everyone . 6 – 14 age group . 99 % of the children in this age group attend school. 4 + 4 years:
1. 4 years primary school
2. 4 years middle school
12 Years Compulsory Education
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Secondary Education
Secondary Education
4 years
15 – 18 age group
Compulsory
Vocational High School provide technical, industrial and tourism schools.
Also, imam-hatip schools provide religious education.
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Education system in Slovakia
School types in Slovakia
State schools
Schools owned by Church
Private schools
School types by levels:
Kindergartens or pre-school education (3-6 years)
Primary schools (6-15 years)
Secondary schools (15-19 years)
Universities (from 19)
Most schools in Slovakia are owned by the state but there are a few church-owned and private schools. Students go to school five days a week, from Monday until Friday.
Summer holiday in primary and secondary schools in Slovakia is from the 1st of July until the 31st of August. There is a few days holiday around Christmas and Easter, and on national holidays.
Pre-school education in Slovakia is for children from 3 to 6 years old.
Primary education in Slovakia lasts for nine years and is compulsory. It is divided into two stages of four and five years. Children start attending primary school at the age of 6 till 15.
A school year in Slovakia at primary and secondary schools consists of two terms. The first term starts on 2nd September and ends at the end of January, the second term starts on 1st February and lasts until 30th June.
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Primary school students in Slovakia usually have from 4 to 6 classes a day depending on year of study and school type.
Secondary school children have usually 5 to 8 classes per day. Classes last for 45 minutes and there are 5-10 min breaks between them. There is a longer break called "big break" when students usually have a snack.
Primary and secondary education in Slovakia is free. Most textbooks and instructional material are distributed for free, returned at the end of the school year.
Students at primary and secondary schools in Slovakia receive marks from 1 to 5, 1 is the best, 5 is the worst. They receive school reports at the end of each school term. Primary and secondary education in Slovakia is at a quite high level compared to many countries of the world.
Besides primary and secondary schools, there are afternoon schools for music instruments, dancing or painting. After lessons children at primary school can spend their time in youth centres where they can write their homework, draw or play games. The youth clubs in Slovakia are especially useful for children whose parents work and do not wish to leave their children at home by themselves.
Kindergarten in Slovakia
Education in Slovakia starts in kindergartens. Pre school education starts at the age of 3, but is not compulsory. Children learn to draw, recite, sing, colours, numbers, information about nature, thing that surround them. At the age of 5, the last year of kindergarten they study geometrical shapes, months of the year, days of week etc.
Teachers of Slovakia kindergarten have to have pedagogical education either secondary pedagogical school or university.
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Primary schools in Slovakia
Primary school education starts at the age of 6 years.
Primary school is divided into two stages. First stage lasts for four years (1st – 4th year of study). Second stage lasts for five years (5th – 9th year of study).
Education on the first stage of primary school is different from the second stage.
On the first stage every class has its own teacher to teach all lessons.
On the second stage, every lesson is taught by a different teacher.
Primary school teachers are specialized for teaching all primary school lessons. Teachers of primary schools have to have a university degree in Teacher training for the first grade of basic schools.
Teachers of the second stage of primary school have to have a degree in Teacher training study programme in a particular subject. Teachers usually have a degree in two or three subjects.
In the last year of study pupils decide on which secondary school they want to continue their study based on the study results and their interests. Schools accept their students based on study results. Some schools have entrance test.
Secondary Schools
There are a few types of secondary schools in Slovakia.
1. Grammar school: 4-8 years; provides general secondary education and prepares for further study at universities and other higher education institutions.
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2. Specialized Secondary School: 4-5 years; provides specialized education and usually prepares students for further study at higher education institutions.
3. Conservatories: 4-5 years; special type of professional school providing specializing in fields such as Music, Singing, Dancing and Dramatic Arts.
4. Vocational School: 2-4 years; prepares students for careers that are based in manual or practical occupations.
Universities in Slovakia
After secondary school graduation students can apply for a university study. To enter a university, students have to pass an entrance exam. Students are chosen based on the secondary study results and entrance exam results.
Full university education in Slovakia lasts five years, some faculties are organized in 6 year study, e.g. human medicine (MUDr.).
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2013 / 2014
COMPILED BY:
MARIA JOÃO COSTA— PORTUGUESE COORDINATOR
Agrupamento Escolas Manteigas - Escola Básica nº1 de Manteigas-PORTUGAL
http://eb23manteigas.webnode.com.pt
COLLABORATION / PARTICIPATION :
EVA JOSSUND—NORWEGIAN COORDINATOR
Hagen skole—NORWAY
www.nittedal.kommune.no/skoler/hagen-skole/
KAMILA STRZEMINSKA - POLISH COORDINATOR
GIMNAZJUM W ROKITNICY—POLAND
ZHERA YÜKSEL—COMENIUS COORDINATOR
Değirmenli Ortaokulu—Nigde— TURKEY
LENKA NIžNANSKÁ - SLOVAKIAN COORDINATOR
Základná škola Pusté Úľany—SLOVAKIA
http://www.zspustulany.edu.sk/
Hristo Botev Primary School—BULGARIA
“DIFFERENCES ARE THE WEALTH FOR THE WORLD”
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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS PORTUGAL, NORWAY,POLAND,SLOVAKIA,TURKEY AND BULGARIA
COMENIUS PROJECT
