The Internet of things (IoT) is growing rapidly and 2018 will be a fascinating year for the IoT industry. IoT technology continues to evolve at an incredibly rapid pace, Consumers and businesses alike are anticipating the next big innovation. They are all set to embrace the ground-breaking impact of the Internet of Things on our lives like ATMs that report crimes around them, forks that tell you if you are eating fast, or IP address for each organ of your body for doctors to connect and check,. In 2018, IoT will see tremendous growth in all directions; the following 8 trends are the main developments we predict for next year:

1. 8 Trends of IoT in 2018
Prof. Ahmed Banafa
IoT Expert | Faculty | Author | Keynote Speaker
College of Engineering
San Jose State University
San Jose, CA USA

2. Ahmed Banafa has extensive experience in research
with focus on IoT , Blockchain and AI. He is a
reviewer and a technical contributor for the
publication of several technical books.
He served as a faculty several at well-known
universities and colleges, including the University of
California, Berkeley; California State University-East
Bay; San Jose State University; and University of
Massachusetts.
He is the recipient of several awards, including
Distinguished Tenured Staff Award of 2013,
Instructor of the year for 2013, 2014, and Certificate
of Honor for Instructor from the City and County of
San Francisco. He was named as number one tech
voice to follow by LinkedIn in 2016, his research
mentioned in many reputable sites magazines
including Forbes and MIT Technology Review.
IoT Expert| Faculty | Author |
Keynote Speaker

3. • The Internet of things (IoT) is growing rapidly
and 2018 will be a fascinating year for the IoT
industry. IoT technology continues to evolve at
an incredibly rapid pace.

4. • Consumers and businesses alike are
anticipating the next big innovation. They are
all set to embrace the ground-breaking impact
of the Internet of Things on our lives like ATMs
that report crimes around them, forks that tell
you if you are eating fast, or IP address for
each organ of your body for doctors to
connect and check. [6]

5. • In 2018, IoT will see tremendous growth in all
directions; the following 8 trends are the main
developments we predict for next year:

7. Trend 1 —Lack of standardization will continue
• Digitally connected devices are fast becoming
an essential part of our everyday lives.
Although the adoption of IoT will be large, it
will most likely be slow. The primary reason
for this is lack of standardization.

8. • Though industry leaders are trying to develop
specified standards and get rid of
fragmentation, it will still exist. There will be
no clear standards in the near future of IoT.

9. • Unless a well-respected organization like IEEE
stepped-in and leads the way or the
government imposes restrictions on doing
business with companies if they are not using
unified standards [7].

10. • The hurdles facing IoT standardization can be
divided into 3 categories; Platform,
Connectivity, and Applications:

11. • Platform: This part includes the form and
design of the products (UI/UX), analytics tools
used to deal with the massive data streaming
from all products in a secure way, and
scalability.

12. • Connectivity: This phase includes all parts of
the consumer’s day and night routine, from
using wearables, smart cars, smart homes,
and in the big scheme, smart cities. From the
business perspective, we have connectivity
using IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) where
M2M communications dominating the field.

13. • Applications: In this category, there are three
functions needed to have killer applications:
control “things”, collect “data”, and analyze
“data”. IoT needs killer applications to drive
the business model using a unified platform.

14. • All three categories are inter-related, you
need all them to make all them work. Missing
one will break that model and stall the
standardization process.

15. • A lot of work needed in this process, and
many companies are involved in each of one
of the categories, bringing them to the table
to agree on a unifying standards will be a
daunting task [13].

16. Trend 2 — More connectivity and more devices
• The speedy proliferation of IoT in past 3 years
has resulted in billions of interconnected
devices. As the consumer continues to stay
hooked to more gadgets. The number of
connected devices grew exponentially every
year.

17. • By 2018 it will at least double and touch a
whopping the mark of 46 Billion by 2021.
More IoT devices will enter the channels,
more than ever before. A clear indication of
our direct dependency over the gadgets and
that’s how our future is shaped.[7]

18. • As IoT continues to expand we will certainly
see an increase in devices connected to the
network in different areas in business and
consumer markets. Smart devices will become
the de-facto for people to manage IoT devices.

19. • The benefits of using smart devices in that
capacity include boosting customer
engagement, increasing visibility, and
streamlining communication that will include
new human-machine interfaces such as voice
user interface (VUI) or Chatbot.[1][3]

20. Trend 3 — “New Hope” for security: IoT &
Blockchain Convergence
• As with most technology, security will be the
major challenge that needs to be addressed.
As the world becomes increasingly high-tech,
devices are easily targeted by cyber-criminals.
Evans Data states that 92% of IoT developers
say that security will continue to be an issue in
the future.

21. • Consumers not only have to worry about
smartphones, other devices such as baby
monitors, cars with Wi-Fi, wearables and
medical devices can be breached. Security
undoubtedly is a major concern, and
vulnerabilities need to be addressed.

22. • Blockchain is a “new hope” for IoT Security.
The astounding conquest of Cryptocurrency,
which is built on Blockchain technology, has
put the technology as the flag bearer of
seamless transactions, thereby reducing costs
and doing away with the need to trust a
centered data source.

23. • Blockchain works by enhancing trustful
engagements in a secured, accelerated and
transparent pattern of transactions. The real
time data from an IoT channel can be utilized
in such transactions while preserving the
privacy of all parties involved. [5][3]

25. • The big advantage of blockchain is that it's
public. Everyone participating can see the
blocks and the transactions stored in them.
This doesn't mean everyone can see the
actual contents of your transaction, however;
that's protected by your private key.

26. • A blockchain is decentralized, so there is no
single authority that can approve the
transactions or set specific rules to have
transactions accepted.
• That means there's a huge amount of trust
involved since all the participants in the
network have to reach a consensus to accept
transactions.

27. • Most importantly, it's secure. The database
can only be extended and previous records
cannot be changed (at least, there's a very
high cost if someone wants to alter previous
records). [11][4][5] [8]

28. • In 2018 increased interest in Blockchain
technology will make the convergence of
Blockchain and IoT devices and services the
next logical step for manufacturers and
vendors, and many will compete for labels like
“Blockchain Certified”.

29. Trend 4 — IoT investments will continue
• IDC predict that spending on IoT will reach
nearly $1.4 trillion in 2021. This coincides with
companies continuing to invest in IoT
hardware, software, services, and
connectivity. Almost every industry will be
affected by IoT, which means many companies
will benefit from its rapid growth.

30. • The largest spending category until 2021 will
be hardware especially modules and sensors,
but is expected to be overtaken by the faster
growing services category. Software spending
will be similarly dominated by applications
software including mobile apps.

31. • IoT’s undeniable impact has and will continue
to lure more startup venture capitalists
towards highly innovative projects. It is one of
those few markets that have the interest of
the emerging as well as traditional venture
capital.

32. • While the growth next year is firmly attested
and the true potential is yet to be unearthed,
IoT ventures will be preferred over everybody
else. Many businesses have assured adding
IoT to their services model from the
Transportation, Retail, Insurance and Mining
industries [1][5[7].

33. Trend 5 — Fog Computing will be more visible
• Fog computing allows computing, decision-
making and action-taking to happen via IoT
devices and only pushes relevant data to the
cloud, Cisco coined the term “Fog computing
“and gave a brilliant definition for Fog
Computing: “The fog extends the cloud to be
closer to the things that produce and act on
IoT data.

34. • These devices, called fog nodes, can be deployed
anywhere with a network connection: on a
factory floor, on top of a power pole, alongside a
railway track, in a vehicle, or on an oil rig.
• Any device with computing, storage, and network
connectivity can be a fog node. Examples include
industrial controllers, switches, routers,
embedded servers, and video surveillance
cameras.”

35. • The benefits of using Fog Computing are very
attractive to IoT solution providers, some of
these benefits: minimize latency, conserve
network bandwidth and operate reliably with
quick decisions.

36. • Collect and secure wide range of data, move
data to the best place for processing with
better analysis and insights of local data.
Blockchain can be implemented at the level of
fog nodes too. [12]

37. Trend 6 — AI & IoT will work closely
• Amalgamation of IoT data analytics with AI for
applications ranging from elevator
maintenance to smart homes, will progress
rapidly over the coming two years. Platform
and service providers are increasingly
delivering solutions with integrated analytics
designed to feed data directly into AI
algorithms.

38. • Another important advantage of using AI is
supporting the optimization and adaptation of
both IoT devices and related processes and
infrastructure.

39. • AI can help IoT Data Analysis in the following
areas: data preparation, data discovery,
visualization of streaming data, time series
accuracy of data, predictive and advance
analytics, and real-time geospatial and
location (logistical data). [10]

41. Trend 7 — New IoT-as-a-Service (IoT-a-a-S)
business models
• Transformational business models will develop
in many IoT verticals over 2018-2019,
supported by Big Data and AI tools. In these
models, the value is in the convenience of the
service for end customers (on-demand and
not requiring heavy upfront expenditure), and
the usage data that is collected, analyzed, and
fed back into suppliers’ businesses and
processes.

42. • But the potential for IoT business model
transformation extends beyond this, to
encompass an increasing variety of more
complex, as-a-service business models that
disrupt existing industries, particularly for
areas such as heavy industry, transport and
logistics, and smart cities.

43. • For these industries, IoT solutions can enable
more of an ongoing, managed service
relationship with both technology providers
and end customers. One selling point is that
costs can be more directly linked to ongoing
measured usage or to specific trigger events
captured by IoT sensors (e.g., “break-the-
glass” solutions in which sensors pick up when
a building or car is broken into).

44. • Another is that costs may be spread over time,
shifting from upfront Capex to a more regular
Opex outflow. Examples of such models
include lighting-as-a-service (L-a-a-S), rail-as-a-
service (R-a-a-S), and even elevators-as-a-
service (E-a-a-S).[2]

45. Trend 8— The need for skills in IoT’s Big Data
Analytics and AI will increase
• Dynamic data sharing is at heart of IoT and Big
Data Analytics will be instrumental in building
responsive applications. Integrating IoT data
channels with AI to retrieve on demand
analytical insights has already gained
momentum this year and will definitely grow
exponentially in 2018.

46. • Subsequently, the need for Big Data and AI
skills will rise, while most IoT service providers
have highlighted the shortage for such
extensively skilled candidates, internal
learning programs in close proximity with R&D
has set to be launched in many
companies.[2][11][9]

47. Thank you!
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedbanafa
ahmed.banafa@sjsu.edu
@BanafaAhmed