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Federal Architecture in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s
- 1. …
- 2. Back to the Future: Federal Architecture of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s…. …AS ILLUSTRATED THROUGH CASE STUDIES
- 3. …As Illustrated Through Case Studies U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Campus Germantown, Maryland 1950s
- 4. …As Illustrated Through Case Studies 1960 Margaret Chase Smith Federal Building Bangor, Maine
- 5. …As Illustrated Through Case Studies Hubert Humphrey Federal Building Washington D.C. Strom Thurmond Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse Columbia, South Carolina 1970
- 6. (Really Quick) Overview of the Federal Building Program, 1852- 1949
- 7. Creation of the U.S. General Services Administration, 1949
- 8. 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s: Second Wave of Modernism Diminishing distinction between public and private Practicality Functionality Energy efficiency Economic efficiency
- 9. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
- 10. “The City of Washington, D.C. and an Atomic Bomb Attack”
- 11. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Campus Germantown, Montgomery County, Maryland
- 12. Voorhees, Walker, Smith & Smith
- 15. Public Buildings Act of 1959
- 16. 1962: President John F. Kennedy’s “Guiding Principles for Federal Architecture” Designs should incorporate the finest in contemporary architectural thought Use of local and regional architectural traditions and influences of the area Incorporation of fine art, preferably by living American artists, where appropriate Functionality for all users, including the handicapped Incorporation of dependable and easily maintained materials, methods, and equipment Avoidance of an “official style” Choice and development of site should be first step in design process
- 17. Margaret Chase Smith Federal Building Bangor, Maine
- 18. Alonzo J. Harriman Associates
- 19. 1960s Design Objectives for GSA Limit of Cost (Local Architects; Local Materials) Maximum flexibility of space assignment and utilization (Minimal permanent corridors, toilets, stairways, elevators, and lobbies) Maximum economy and efficiency in the operation of buildings
- 20. Program for the Beautification of Federal Buildings (1965) Landscaping as integral part of design Beautification (cleaning, repair, renovation, and re-landscaping) of existing federal buildings Improvement in federal design of new buildings Art in Architecture Program (1972) Energy Conservation
- 21. Strom Thurmond Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse Columbia, South Carolina Modern Master Marcel Breuer
- 22. Dialogue between interior and exterior space
- 23. Inclusion of built-in features
- 26. Use of Artwork
- 27. Hubert Humphrey Federal Building Washington, D.C.
- 28. Art in Architecture Heroic Shorepoints
- 31. Art in Architecture Evolutionary Notes to WK
- 33. Final Thoughts
- 34. Please stop by our table in the exhibition hall Presentation Design by
Hinweis der Redaktion
- The result was the U.S. General Services Administration, created by the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949Specifically the Public Buildings Service division was created within GSA to deal with all real property operationsEssentially the Public Buildings Service was responsible for the design, construction, maintenance, repair, remodeling, and enlargement of federal buildings and overseeing the sale, lease, and transfer of excess propertyEssentially PBS became the federal governments architect, engineer, builder, landlord, and housekeeper—a role that it retains to the present day
- Which provides a great segue into the 1970s in regards to the approach to federal architecture at this timePresident Johnson followed President Kennedy’s initiative with the Program for the Beautification of Federal Buildings in 1965The initiative further emphasized the objectives implemented during President Kennedy’s term, particularly emphasizing the importance of inviting, attractive landscapes around federal buildingsThis was also enhanced by the Art in Architecture program initiated in 1972 and which remains today which oversees the commissioning of artwork for new federal buildings nationwideIn addition, a rising concern for energy conservation emerged—GSA intituted programs in existing buildings to regulate building temperatures and reduce water consumptionIN addition, GSA began encouraging energy conservation in the design of buildings as well as installing ultraefficient equipment, using low-watt lighting, natural ventilation, recycled building materials, and solar energy collection devicesMany of the buildings designed by private architects for GSA continued to be undistinguishable from private sector office buildings, although a number of notable exceptions exist,
- Which brings us to our case studies of the 1970sThe Strom Thurmond Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse complex located in Columbia, South Carolina, which was designed by the architectural firm of Marcel Breuer, inarguably one of America’s Modern master architectsBreur and his partner, Herb Beckhard, designed the Brutalist style complex, which was completed in 1979, three years after Breuers declining health forced him to retire
- The building included glass panels at the lobby walls, uniting exterior and interior space…thereby welcoming the outside public
- Built in features such as water fountains, trash cans, tables, and benches were included in the designThe table you see above also included two ashtrays which you see above that were emptied through hidden drawers on the inside