we should use ecofriendly technology for our textile industry as we know that textile industry is most polluted industry now. our small initial step towards Eco techniques can make biggest difference towards healthy and pure environment. give your little help for save earth, save life. i hope this presentation can influence people to move towards ecofriendly technology
2. INDEX
•Abstract
•Introduction
•Influencing use of eco-friendly fabric.
•Use of eco-friendly machinery
•Natural dyes innovation
•Recycled polyester
•Recycled plastic bottles turned into swimwear’s
•“Good bacteria” to battle pollution and reduce level of
chemicals.
•Bangladeshi researchers develop eco-friendly technology for
textile industry.
•Controlling pollution in textile industry.
•Electro-chemical processing – an ecofriendly technology in
textile
•Management of post consumer textile waste.
•Dyeing without water- air dye technique.
•Sustainable technology in textile machinery.
•Reference.
3. “Ecology” is the study of the interactions between organisms
and their environment
As we know, the textile industry being a very good example for
the most advancing and ecologically harmful industry in the
world. The evolution of clothing from its fibre stage to fabric
requires a lot of process which are very harmful to our
environment
Now-a-days a wide range of techniques and
innovations related to textiles production been
developed to save the world from being affected by
the have hazardous effects of chemicals
The use of organic raw material can help in fighting
the emission of pollutants by the textile units.
4. 1) Social responsibility: chemicals and pesticides invades
drinking water and groundwater, polluting its fish and
even reaching human consumption. Organic and eco
fibers grow without any chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.
2) Biodegradable: eco and organic fabric biodegrade
naturally over time. Synthetic fibers eventually become
waste and let off harmful toxin when they degrade.
3) Health: many people are allergic or dislike wearing
synthetic clothes. Eco fabrics have all the properties of
the new synthetic breathable fibers with added softness
and drape.
5. Fashion and apparel industry
Home furnishing and textile industry
Hygiene and health care industry
Packaging industry-
Growing recycling industry- generating rural
employment
Medical textiles industry
7. 1] bamboo:
bamboo is regenerated cellulosic fiber produced from
bamboo pulp.
Bamboo clothes naturally absorb moisture from skin and
they are perfect fabric for summer wear. It is characterized
by its excellent permeability, soft feel,easiness to straighten
and dye colour effect of pigmentation. Bamboo fiber is
softer than cotton.
The plant is crushed and natural enzymes are used to
break the bamboo walls to get natural fibers which are
scoured out and spun into yarns.
8. 2] organic cotton:
Organic cotton is health-friendly and ecofriendly.
Organic cotton is naturally grown without use of any
pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers or any other chemicals.
Clothing made from organic cotton have the feel of linen
without the weight.
Only non-genetically modified seeds are used for growing
organic cotton.
Recent promising trend is the production of coloured
cotton or natural dyed which can further reduce the
amount of chemical used.
9. 3] Hemp:
Hemp is a bast fiber. Hemp fibers are cellulosic fibers.
The most potential eco friendly fabric is hemp.
Hemp is rapidly renewable, requires little or no
pesticides, grows without fertilisers, requires minimum
attention and does not deplete soil nutrients.
Hemp is a long fibre which is long lasting.
Hemp is traditional fiber crop which for centuries was
important in meeting our needs for textiles, paper, and
oils.
Hemp is resistant to mold and mildew.
10. 4]Soy cashmere/ silk:
Soy cashmere fabric is made from soy protein fibre left
over after processing soybeans into food.
The liquefied protein is extruded into fibers which are
then spun and used like other fibers.
The high protein content of soy cashmere makes it
receptive to natural dyes. So they can create their own
colour.
So cashmere is soft, smooth and light reflecting
properties gives lustre of silk
11. 5] Wool:
Wool is renewable organic fiber
Wool is fire resistance
Wool doesn’t need chemical input.
Organic wool yarn is wool that is from sheep that have
not been exposed to chemicals like pesticides and are kept
in humane and good farm conditions.
12. 1] corn fiber:
corn is available in both spun and filament fiber.
It balance strength and resilience with comfort,
softness and drape in textiles.
Corn also use no chemical additives or surface
treatments and is naturally flame retardant.
Corn fiber manufacturers have claimed that these
fibers can be used for sportswear, jacket, outer coat,
apparels,etc
13. 2] Banana fiber:
The use of banana stems as a source of fiber such as
cotton and silk is becoming popular now.
Banana fiber is also known as musa fiber which is one of
the strongest natural fibers.
The banana fiber are extracted by hand stripping and
decortications. So it is 100% eco fiber.
It is strong, shiny light weight and bio-degradable.
14. 3] Milk casein fiber:
Milk fiber was firstly introduced in 1930 in Italy and
America to complete the wool.
It is the new innovative fiber and a kind of synthetic
fibre made of milk casein fiber through bio-engineering
method.
It can also used to create top-grade underwear, shirts, t-
shirts, loungewear,etc
It contain 17 amino acids and natural anti-bacterial rate
is above 80%. Hence, milk fiber has sanitarian.
15. 4] Ayurvastra:
Ayurvastra is a branch of ayurveda that means ayur as “health”
and vastra as a “cloth”.
Ayur vastra cloth is completely free from synthetic chemicals
and toxic substances making this cloth organic, sustainable and
bio-degradable.
Ayur vastra is made up of 100% pure organic cotton or silk,
wool, jute and coir products that have been hand loomed, dyed
by using various ayurveda herbs and have medicinal qualities
. Herbs used in ayur vastra are known to cure allergies having
anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory properties. Ayur vastra is extra
smooth and good for transpiration that helps in recovering various
diseases.
16. 1]samatoa/ lotus fabric:
fabric extracted from lotus flower is known
as Samatoa.
Lotus plant is believed to have healing
abilities. Lotus plants are pure by virtue and
they radiate this purity through their fibres.
By wearing lotus fibre fabrics, the wearer
feels calm, peaceful and meditative. It also
cures headaches, heart ailments, asthma and
lung issues.
The fabrics are 100% organic and hence are
eco-friendly. The entire process of fibre
extraction, spinning it into yarn and making
the fabric is completely handmade making this
process time consuming. This disadvantage also
limits the quantity of the fabric produced.
17. 2] Fabrics from fermented wine:
a group of scientist at the University of Western Australia has
produced fabric by letting microbes to work on wine.
It is produced by adding bacteria called acetobacter into cheap
red wine. The bacteria ferment the alcohol into fibres that float
just above the surface.
18. 3] Hagfish slime thread:
These fibres are obtained from the goo attached to a
hagfish.
Scientists have discovered that proteins within this slime
have mechanical properties similar to those of spider silk
and can be woven into high-performance bio-materials.
19. 4] Cocona fabrics:
cocona is a fabric that is developed from fibrous coconut
husks that incorporates natural ingredients into polymers.
By using activated carbon made from coconut shells.
Cocona fabric utilizes natural technology that outperforms
other fabrics and yarns.
Cocona fibres and yarns can be used i a wide range of knit
and woven fabrics as well as non-woven that provide
effective evaporative cooling, odour adsorption and UV
protection.
Fabrics made from cocona yarns and fibres are
lightweight, comfortable and retain all of the conventional
product features, such as stretch and wash ability.
20. 5]jute:
Jute has high specific properties, low density, less
abrasive behavior, good dimensional stability and
harmlessness.
Jute textile is a low cost ecofriendly product and is
abundantly available, easy to transport and has superior
drapability and moisture retention capacity .
It is widely being used as a natural choice for plant
mulching and rural road pavement construction.
21. A textile fibre recycling machine has been developed for
reprocessing hard thread waste, woven and nonwoven fabrics,
carpets, rugs, etc. The machine outputs open usable fibres
which can be used in subsequent conventional textile
processes.
Kyungwon enterprise co. Of South Korea has developed a
washing machine which does not need detergent to clean
cloths. The new technology has developed a device which is
able to transform water into an electronically charged liquid
that cleans goods with the same power as that of a
conventional synthetic detergent powder. It will make washing
easier, cheaper and more environments friendly. The system
would cut water and electricity consumption by 2/3rd ½ th
respectively.
22. The Spanish firm MCH SA produces dyeing machinery to
save water, energy, products and time in the dyeing cycle,
and matches the machines to customer requirements.
Biotechnology, which is an emerging theme and has
practical applications to textile field, offers the opportunity
to reduce costs, protect the environment, address health
and safety, and improve quality and functionality.
Textile waste recycling machine
23. Nowdays natural dyes are one of the main areas of textile
researchers and important in terms of sustainable and
ecological textiles.
Faculty and students at Dokuz eylϋl university in izmir,
turkey working on project entitled as ‘experimental eco print
designs by using natural dyes and TENCEL™ lyocell fabrics.the
study is focused on using naturak dyes in place of their more
synthetic counter parts. TENCEL™ lyocell is an eco-friendly
fiber that has an important role in the developement of
environmentally sustainable textiles, a great plus for denim
and raise its value.
Unique physical properties if TENCEL™ lyocell fibers; lead to
their great strength, efficient moisture absorption and
gentleness to skin
24. Facts of TENCEL™ Lyocell fabrics:
The solvents used in production process are non-
toxic and are able to reuse again. This is due to
technique called ‘closed loop’ spinning. This
eliminates dumping of waste 98%..
The fiber itself is completely biodegradable,
making it far safer to dispose of than most other
common fabrics.
While the textile does use traditional dyes, its
impressive absorbency allows companies to use
less dyes to achieve desired effect.
There is no need to bleach this fiber before
dyeing due to its pure white color at production.
products such as TENCEL™ are an
inspiring step into the future of more
environmentally conscious industry.
25. The principle ingredient used in the manufacture of
polyester is ethylene, which is derived from petroleum.
Two gases are made from petro chemistry industry:
A] CO2 burning of carbon based fuels.
B] N2O fossil fuels and fertilizer
production process of polyester creates lots of CO2 which
helps to create green house effect. This has caused a
dangerous global warming .
26. Scope of recycled polyester:
Energy needed to make the recycling polyester is less than
what was needed to make the virgin polyster in the first
palce, so we can save energy. Recycling polyster uses less
energy that whats needed to produce virgin polyster.
Plastic bottles and other plastic which do not mix with
environment can also keep out from landfills by using them
into recycling process.
27. TYPES OF RECYCLING PROCESS:
A] Mechanical:
Melt the plastic Re-extruding it
to make yarns
B]Chemical:
Breaking polymer
into its molecular
parts
Reforming
molecule into yarn
of equal strength
28. Conclusion:
As polyester produce in large quantity and do not mix
with soil, sometimes also found in some animal’s
stomach. So it is every one’s duty not to through them
on earth. They should put this on recycling process.
Entrepreneurs should come forward to establish this
kind of project to save the environment and world
resource and their own benefit as well.
29. Carvico, a leading Italian warp knit and circular knit
technology has pioneered the latest environmentally
sustainable fabric called Melville with REPREVE, a 100%
recycled polyester yarn derived from PET bottles.
Such process is aimed at giving a second life to plastic bottles
– recovered PET containers are washed, grinded into
fragments which are then melted and transformed into chips
which are melt again and converted into REPREVE yarn to be
used by Carvico to produce Melville.
30. Features of recycled polyester from pet bottles:
Recycled yarns
Chlorine proof
UV protection
Shape retention
Pilling resistance
Two way stretch
31. A Chennai-based company, Proklean Technologies Pvt
Ltd makes eco-friendly products for industries like textile,
leather, and paper that otherwise depend on heavy chemicals
for a substantial portion of their production process.
The product is being used by several textile units in
Ahmedabad and Gujarat to help them battle pollution and
reduce the level of chemicals in their effluent.
The company has developed a proprietary technology
platform to achieve this. The technology makes use of
probiotic microorganisms (beneficial bacteria) to make its
products.
Dr. Sivaram Pillai, CEO, Proklean said that in many industries
Proklean’s products have helped replace at least 10% to 15%
of the chemical products used earlier. It is developing more
products and aims to cover as high as 50% of the chemicals
used in some industries.
32. Dr. Pillai said that Earlier only chemical products were
used to clean this but they have developed cleaning
products that are non-toxic and biodegradable and
environmentally friendly. This considerably reduces the
pollutants being generated from stage one of the
production process
Another advantage of the product is saving water up to
20% compared to chemical.
33. Two Professors and eleven students of the Department of Applied
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Rajshahi University have
developed a low-cost eco-friendly technology for textile industries
of Bangladesh recently.
Dr. Alam claimed they have synthesized a pre-treatment agent at low
cost that shows a synergistic effect when used with the above eco-
friendly enzymatic process. In conjunction with an enzyme, it will
perform pre-treatment and polishing together in a single bath, so
that 45% water, 35% energy and 45% time can be saved compared to
currently using conventional chemical pre-treatment process. It will
also significantly improve the whiteness and dye absorbency
compared to above eco-friendly enzymatic process so that light shade
dyeing is achievable.
34. According to prof alam, “The textile industries at
present consume twice the volume of water consumed
by the entire population of Dhaka city. Furthermore,
textile pre-treatment process requires a high-energy
input and generates a large amount of biochemical and
chemical oxygen. The proposed technology will
overcome the above shortcomings significantly.”
35. Textile industries are one of the major areas that have an
importance throughout the world.
Water pollution is the main issue when it comes to textile
industry.Textile industry is a voracious consumer of water. The
water is used for various processes like sizing, scouring,
bleaching, dyeing, printing and other finishing processes.
pollution in the textile waste water comes from the dyeing
and finishing processes.
The growing demands for textile products, mills have
resulted in the tremendous rise in pollution as a result of the
exponential rise in the problem of pollution in the world.
36.
37. According to Vishal Dethe, Assistant Manager, Organica
Biotech Pvt Ltd, the textile manufacturing units :
“The wastewater is laden with pollutants like heavy metals,
organo-chlorine based compounds, pigments,
polyphosphates, preservatives, formaldehyde, benzidine
and azo dyes. These pollutants account for high
COD[chemical oxygen demand], BOD[biological oxygen
demand] levels and high volumes of ammonical nitrogen in
water reserves”
“Numerous chemical and biological agents are available in
the market for optimal waste water treatment”
Microbes can lead to reduction of COD[chemical oxygen
demand], BOD[biological oxygen demand] and ammoniacal
nitrogen levels of the water reserves
38. How pollution in the textile industry
can be controlled?
Reduction of pollution at source is the best strategy to
control pollution in textile industry
Reduction in wastewater quantity by adopting water
saving equipment, reduction in waste concentration by
recovery and reuse of chemicals/ process modification/ etc
should be adopted by all textile mills.
The use of eco friendly chemicals or dyes should be used
in manufacturing for ease of treatment of wastewater
39. “Treatment of textile processing effluents
involves:
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Tertiary treatment
Primary treatment:
Primary treatment mainly aims to remove colour, suspended
solids and other inorganic material from the wastewater.
Secondary treatment:
Textile wastewater is treated using biological methods
mainly aerobic to remove organic pollutants and make the
treated water safe for disposal. Many biological treatment
methods are available such as cyclic activated sludge process
(c-tech), activated sludge process (ASP), membrane bio
reactors (MBR), etc. The microorganisms convert colloidal
and dissolved carbonaceous organic matters into various
gases and cell tissues. Bacterial treatment removes the
colour to an appreciable extent and can reduce the BOD
more than 95%
40. Tertiary treatment:
Tertiary Treatment processes such as C-Tech and MBR can
produce water quality suitable for direct use in industry for
uses such as first wash of cloth, equipment cleaning, floor
washing, etc.
The degree of tertiary treatment and selection of process
depends on the quality of feed from biological process and
quality of treated water required after tertiary treatment.
It includes processes such as sand filtration, disc filtration,
activated carbon filtration, membrane filtration and
demineralization.
41. Organica Biotech Pvt Ltd has come up with
some solutions do deal with the issue of
pollution:
They have developed a line of specialized products called
Bioclean and CleanMaxx.
These are available in dry concentrate bacterial
formulations, designed to provide improved waste
degradation in waste water treatment plants.
These products are specially tailored to meet all
industrial needs and can biologically degrade diverse
molecules in a short span of time.
These can perform well in adverse environmental
conditions, even in presence of detergents and high TDS
levels.”
42. SFC Environmental Technologies Pvt. Ltd has
also come up with technologies in wastewater
treatment:
company introduce latest technologies in wastewater
treatment.
They made several treatment plants in India using our
biological treatment technology called C-Tech. It is a Cyclic
Activated Sludge Process with many advantages such as
highest performance in terms of BOD/COD/TSS removal
along with nutrient removal.
The other advantages include lowest operating cost,
lower power consumption, lower area requirement,
automatic plant operation, simultaneous nitrification and
denitrification, compact design, flexible operation, etc.
They supplied our technology to common effluent
treatment Plants (CETPs) of textile mills with capacities
ranging from 15 MLD to 100 MLD.”
They also introduced solar sludge drying technology in
India to address sludge disposal problems in textile industry
43. The electrochemical techniques have been proved to be
efficient in different oxidation or reduction steps of the
textile processes such as: bleaching denim fabrics or
reduction of sulphur and vat dyes, where their applications
are available in both natural and synthetic fibers.
They constitute a less harmful alternative than the
traditional processes.
The electrochemical treatments have been extensively
applied to the decontamination of wastewaters from the
textile processes.
The possibility of reusing dyeing effluents treated by
electrochemical methods is particularly interesting and it
implies an important saving of water and salt. This kind of
studies is especially important in Mediterranean countries,
where the river flow rates are low and their salinity is
nowadays an increasing environmental problem.
44. The textile industry uses the electrochemical techniques in
textile processes (such as decolorizing fabrics and dyeing
processes) and also in wastewaters treatments (color removal
from waste water
Electrochemical reduction reactions are mostly used in sulphur
and vat dyeing. they are applied to effluents discoloration.
These electro generated species are able to bleach indigo-dyed
denim fabrics and to degrade dyes in wastewater in order to
achieve the effluent color removal.
Electrochemistry refers to the use of electrical energy in
initiating chemical reactions, replacing traditional aid agents in
direct chemical reactions.
Now a day’s electrochemical techniques are used in the
bleaching of textile materials
The electrochemical methods are cleaner than
physicochemical and membrane technologies because they use
the electron as unique reagent and they do not produce solid
residues.
45. BLEACHING OF TEXILE MATERIALS:
The use of electrochemical techniques to generate in situ
this oxidant required for cotton bleaching by the electrolysis
of oxygen in the presence of an alkaline electrolyte. This
electrolyte proceeds from the scouring process.
The use of the electrolysis process in a combined scouring
and bleaching process, and the whiteness obtained in the
combined method is comparable to that obtained with
conventional methods.
The electrochemical techniques have been applied to bleach
raw fibers, their main application in bleaching field is the
discoloration of indigo–denim-dyed fabrics.
46. The most useful oxidant for bleaching indigo denims is
hypochlorite. The conventional method to obtain the
decolorized effect of these denims is based on the addition
of this chemical reagent to the dye bath, but recently the
generation in situ of the hypochlorite by an electrochemical
oxidation is becoming a more attractive method.
Electrochemical oxidation offers several advantages with
respect to the conventional method:
· Improvement in the process control and consistency,
· Lower-process costs due to the production of more
regular shades, the possibility of bleaching bath
regeneration and the lower amount of effluent generated.
47. DYEING PROCESS: DYES REDUCTION:
electrochemical techniques have been investigated in the
reduction of such dyes, which avoids the addition of
reducing agents as sodium dithionite.
Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) is the most used reducing
agent in the industrial dyeing process which also produce
large amount of sodium sulphate and toxic sulphite
products, but after its reaction with dye, it cannot be
recycled.
new procedures to reduce vat and sulphur dyes are
electrochemical reduction methods
electrochemical reduction processes are considered no
reagents addition is required, no by-products are formed
and no tertiary treatments are necessary to treat the final
effluents
48. WASTEWATER COLOR REMOVAL:
The application of electrochemical color removal methods
have been applied to industrial effluents.
The current physico-chemical methods, based on the
separation of dyes from the effluents, produce a residue
which requires an additional treatment to be destroyed
The electrochemical methods are a wide range of
investigations at laboratory and pilot-plant scale.
The advantage of these electrochemical techniques is
that electron is a clean reagent. They also have good
versatility and high-energy efficiency. They are easy for
automation and safety because it is possible to operate at
smooth conditions.
49. The main types of electrochemical methods
applied to wastewater treatment:
1] Electro coagulation Methods:
Electro coagulation systems provide electrochemical
aggregation of heavy metals, organic and inorganic
pollutants, to produce a coagulated residue to be separated
or removed from water.
This technique is an indirect electrochemical method
which produces coagulant agents (Fe3+ or Al3+) from the
electrode material (Fe or Al) in hydroxide medium. These
species, that is, Fe(OH)3, can remove dissolved dyes by
precipitation or by flotation.
These complexed compounds are attached to the bubbles
of H2 (gas) evolved at the cathode and transported to the
top of solution.
50. 2] Indirect Oxidation Methods:
The indirect electro-oxidation occurs when strong oxidants
are generated in situ during the electrolysis and react with
the organic pollutants such as dyestuffs, producing its total
or partial degradation.
A] Electro-oxidation with active chlorine which is major
oxidising agent. In this case, free-chlorine gaseous and/or
the generated chlorine-oxygen species such as hypochlorous
acid (hclo) or hypochlorite ions (clo−) depending on the ph,
oxidize the organic matter present in the effluents.
B] Electro-fenton process, where organics degradation
occurs by hydroxyl radicals (OH•) formed from Fenton’s
reaction between catalytic Fe2+ and H2O2, this hydrogen
peroxide is also electro generated from O2 reduction.
51. As some industrial waste-waters contain large amount of
chloride.
the combination of electrochemistry and chloride can
produce haloforms such as chloroform, although it is not an
inconvenient if the treated water is degraded lately in a
biological plant to accomplish its mineralization.
52. Color Removal from Textile and other
Industrial Wastewater using Ozone:
Ozone has been used for successfully for removal of color
from textile wastewater streams in plants around the world
as well as in other industrial wastewater processes.
In wastewater treatment, ozone is often used in
conjunction with biological treatment systems such as
activated sludge.
Ozone can be used prior to a biological process since it
has a tendency to convert organic molecules into
smaller more biodegradable species. This can enhance the
efficiency of the biological process.
Ozone is effective in removing the color from all dyes
used in textile processing.
53. Any material of textile origin which is not considered
suitable for its end user can be considered TEXTILE WASTE.
The main methods used for handling of textile waste are:
1. Reuse
2. Recycle
54. 1] Reuse:
Reusing an item for another purpose instead of the one for
which it was produced and initially utilized is a very effective
method of textile waste management.
Reuse of textile material reduces air and noise pollution by
saving the raw material resources and processes required for
making new items, and saves money on purchase as well as
disposal of textile products. Second hand clothing market
reuses the largest amount of post consumer textiles.
2] Recycle:
Recycling is the process by which the material is taken out
of a product which has been used up to desired level and this
raw material s then utilized to create an entirely new product.
As per report of an Environment Protection Agency, ninety
70% of the post consumer textile waste is recyclable.
E.g. Re-dying and painting some faded curtains to create a
new set of curtains. This process is least expensive and with
minimum effect on the environment and is called closed loop
recycling. Recycling of synthetic fabric products result in
savings in terms of petroleum, energy and reduction in
emission of green house gases.
55. Air Dye technology manages the application of color to
textiles without the use of water.
It was developed and patented by Colorep, a California-
based sustainable technology company. Depending on the
fabric, and type of dyeing, Air Dye uses up to 95% less water,
and up to 86% less energy, contributing 84% less to global
warming, according to an independent assessment requested
by the company
56. The Air Dye process employs air instead of water to
help the dyes penetrate fibers, a process that uses no
water and requires less energy than traditional methods
of dyeing; the technology works only on synthetic
materials and is currently available only in the United
States.
57. Features of Air dye Technology:
A] Does not pollute water in the color application
process. By using air instead of water to convey
dye, no hazardous waste is emitted and no
water is wasted.
B] Greatly reduces energy requirements, thereby
lowering costs and satisfying the strictest
standards of global responsibility.
C] Does not use boilers, screen printing machines,
drying ovens, or cleaning step and simplifies the
process, creating revolutionary possibilities of
new industry and employment in unfarmable,
arid regions of the world.
D] Gives consumers a way to choose style and
sustainability at a realistic price at the point of
purchase.
58. E] Environment: - The process of making textiles
can require several dozen gallons of water for
each pound of clothing, especially during the
dyeing process. 2.4 trillion gallons of water are
used in synthetic dyeing, Air Dye’s addressable
market, and each year. Air Dye technology
eliminates hazardous wastewater as a by-
product of dyeing fabric. Water scarcity affects
one in three people on every continent and is
getting worse as water needs rise with
population growth, urbanization and increased
usage by households and industries
F] Depending on the fabric, and type of dyeing, Air
Dye uses up to 95% less water, and up to 86%
less energy, contributing 84% less to global
warming, according to an independent
assessment. Additionally, some companies state
that with
59. The Air Dye process manufactures fabric that can be
washed at any temperature, with whites or colors,
with or without bleach.
Because the Air Dye process injects the dyes in the
fabric and not on the fabric, bleach and cleaning
agents do not affect them.
i) With Air dye, a company estimates for every
25,000 T-shirts sold, the plant will save: Energy: -
1,132,500 mega joules Water: - 157,500 gallons
Green House Emissions: - 57,500 (Kg CO2 equiv.
emissions) by using Air Dyeing amount of fresh
gallons of water can be saved instead of traditional
dyeing methods.
60. Plasma Technology - Plasma, very reactive ions, which
modify chemical structure and surface properties of
textile material. Despite this being costly technology
initially, it offers greater production rate, less production
cost, better products and most importantly, finishes on
fabrics that are either difficult to obtain by other
technology or not obtained at all.
61. Ultrasonic Assisted Textile Processing- Ultrasound is a
cyclic sound pressure which creates vibrational energy in
dyes molecules and substrate and increase reaction
efficiency and exhaustion. This technique offers less
thermal energy requirement, less effluent load,
processing through less amount of dyes and auxiliaries
and requires smaller size of plant.
62. Application of nano technology in textiles-Nano
finishes has size in the range of 1 to 100 nm, act as
catalysts that help break down carbon-based molecules,
and require only sunlight to trigger the reaction & being
developed for textile substrates are at their infantile
stage. However, the new concepts exploited for the
development of nano finishes have opened up exciting
opportunities for further R&D.
63. Use of enzyme in textile processing for green
technology-Advances in enzymology, molecular biology
and screening techniques provide possibilities for the
development of new enzyme-based processes for a more
environmentally friendly approach in the textile industry.
Unfortunately most of enzymes are not certified from
various environmental & safety communities only
because these are genetically modified otherwise these
are non polluting processes.
64. Special finish developments-The consumer safety,
resource saving and environment protection contribute
to safer textiles and a better future are commitment of
Vardhman group, and producing such products in
production of special class of finishes, some of which are
formaldehyde free resin finished fabric, fluorine free oil
& water repellent fabric, cool comfort fabric, anti UV
fabric etc..
65. Sustainable Technology = Economic Growth
+
Environmental Protection
Sustainable technology refers to the technology which caters
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generation to meet their own needs. It enables more
valuable use of the natural resources & greatly reduced
ecological impact among other technological
benefits. Though sustainable technology deals with energy
efficiency, reduction in pollution, use of renewable sources, it
should also be economically sustainable!
Textile industry is among the most essential consumer
goods industry in the world. At every stage of the textile
production, vast amount of energy, clean water & chemicals
are being used to process the textiles & apparels.
66. At every stage of the textile production, vast amount of energy,
clean water & chemicals are being used to process the textiles &
apparels. In turn these processes generate air, water & soil pollution
through untreated effluent generation & waste generation which
place heavy burden on environment.
The World Bank estimates that almost 20% of global industrial
water pollution comes from the treatment and dyeing of textiles.
67. Some of Sustainable Technologies in
Textile Machineries:
Exhaust Piece Dyeing:
Cold Pad Batch Dyeing:
Continuous Dyeing
Monforts Eco Applicator
68. AWARENESS:
Some of the dyes and chemicals can even cause chronic
diseases.
It is very important to bring about awareness amongst
textile manufacturers & end-users. Entire textile value chain
should take the initiative to manufacture the goods
economically with sustainable processes & technologies with
minimum or no impact on environment or consumer.
Technology is a key to reach sustainability targets of the
Textile industry.
Sustainability is an issue with hard economic aspects.
Some of remarkable innovations in technology have paved
the way for sustainable production technologies, but there is
huge scope further for all technology providers to upgrade
technology which will help in economical production of
the goods in sustainable manner!
Let us carve out…
Better Tomorrow!!!
69. Reference
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
Indian journal of fibre & textile research
Vol.26, march-June 2001,pp.61-73.
http://www.natural-environment.com/
http://www.patagonia.com/
http://www.oecotextiles.wordpress.com/
http://www.testex.com/Appearal_Production_Using _Eco_Friendly
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