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1. G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology, V. V. Nagar,
Academic Year: 2016-17 (Even Sem.)
2160601 – Advanced Construction & Equipment
“Pile boring/ Driving Equipment, Concrete Batching plant, Tunnel
Boring Machines”
Prepared By;
Prerak KachhiyaPatel 150113106008
Kishan Meghani 150113106009
Harsh Oza 150113106010
Hiten Patel 150113106011
TOPIC:-
Guided by;
Prof. Ratan Panchal
Prof. Ridhhi vasi
BRANCH: CIVIL ENGINEERING

2. CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 Displacement Piles
• It causes the soil to be displaced radially as well as vertically as the
pile shaft is driven or jacked into the ground.
 Replacement Piles
• It cause the soil to be removed and the resulting hole filled with
concrete or a pre cast concrete pile is dropped into the hole and
grouted in.
Displacement Pile Replacement pile

3.  Compaction Grouting
• This method is being used to improve the shear resistance
characteristics of soft and very soft layers of soil and results
in the formation of a compaction grout columns. It’s a cost-
effective method.

4. Hammers:
Dropping Weight or Drop Hammers
Steam Hammer: single-acting, double-acting
Air Hammer: single-acting, double-acting,
Diesel hammer: single-acting (open end) or double-acting
(closed end)
Hydraulic Hammer
Vibratory Hammer
• Water Jets (Wash Boring )
• Boring (Auger Boring)

6. Drop Hammer

7.  Hammer is raised by a rope or a steel cable
 Then it is allowed to drop on pile cap
 The weight of drop varies from 230-1800 kg
 Weight depends on the shape and length of pile and
the nature of the ground
 Takes a lot of time

8. Steam Hammer

9.  Hammer is automatically raised and dropped.
 A steam cylinder and piston is used.
 Steam pressure and the rate of hammer blow are
kept uniform.
 Steam Hammers are of two types
 Single Acting Type
 Double Acting Type

10. Hydraulic Hammer

11. Vibratory hammer

12. Jacking Method Of Insertion
Jacked Piles are most commonly used in underpinning
structures.
By excavating underneath a structure, short lengths of
pile can be inserted and jacked into the ground using
the underside of the existing structure as a reaction.

13. Wash boring
 Wash boring is a fast and simple method for
advancing holes in soft to stiff cohesive soils and fine
sand. This method is not suitable for boulders soil and
rock.
 The method consists of first driving a hollow steel pipe
known as casing pipe/drive pipe in to the ground.
 Through this casing pipe, a hollow drilled rod with a
sharp chisel or chopping bit at the lower end, known
as water jet pipe or wash pipe, is inserted.
 Upper end of wash pipe is connected to water pump
and lower end is contracted to produce jet action.

15. Auger boring
• Start with augur/rotary drilling;
• Boring is continued down to
planned depth (using a
guiding tube/rod)
• Using bentonite mud (slurry)
at the bottom as caisson
• Placing of reinforcement
• Placing of the concrete and
removing off the guiding tube
• (last two steps might be
swapped)

17. CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT
 A concrete plant, also known as a BATCH
PLANT OR BATCHING PLANT, is a device that
combines various ingredients to form concrete.
 Some of these inputs include
• Sand
• Water
• Aggregate (rocks, gravel, etc.),
• Fly ash
• Admixtures (sica , etc)
• Cement

18.  It’s easy to disassemble, transport and assemble
again. In 15 – 20 days we assemble your plant in a
new site producing concrete, saving you time and
money.
 READY MIX PLANT (READY MIX CONCRETE /
RMC)
 A ready mix plant combines all ingredients except
for water at the concrete plant. This mixture is then
discharged into a ready mix truck (also known as
a concrete transport truck).
 Water is then added to the mix in the truck and
mixed during transport to the job site.

19. • CENTRAL MIX PLANT
 Central mix plant combines all of the above ingredients
+ water at a central location.
 The final product is then transported to the job site.
 Central mix plants differ from ready mix plants in that
they offer the end user a much more consistent product,
since all the ingredient mixing is done in a central
location and is computer-assisted to ensure uniformity of
product.
 A temporary batch plant can be constructed on a large
job site. A concrete plant becomes central mix with the
addition of a concrete mixer.

20. • Features
 More precise and efficient weighing
 High efficiency
 Mixing blades made of wear resistant high hard alloys
have durable and reliable performance
 Storage capacities of cement silo can be customized
according to your demands

21.  There are three types of mixer:
 P a n m i x e r
 Tw i n s h a f t m i x e r
The twin shaft mixer can ensure an even mixture of concrete
and large output with high quality. It consist of mixer, with
Counter rotating shafts, delivers fast mixing action and rapid
discharge.
They are fast and efficient, but can be maintenance-intensive since they include several
Moving parts that are subjected to a heavy load.
 Ti l t i n g d r u m m i x e r
Pan mixers are generally lower capacity mixers at about 4 to 5 yd3 and are used at precast
concrete plants.
• AGGREGATE BATCHERS :-
The aggregate batching system includes aggregate supply
system, weighing system and electrical control system. The
feeding device is driven by conveyor belt.
• CONVEYORS :-

22. • CONTROL SYSTEM :-
The programmable controller can control
the production process with high reliability
and stability. It can control the unloading
ingredients, mixing and automatic control of
the whole process of the concrete.
•SILOS :-
 Provides bolted type and welded type storage silo in
various capacities and dimensions.
Bolted cement silo with special design can minimize
the transport cost.
 nominal capacity of cement = 10 to 75 tons and are
also available till 120 tons
nominal capacity of fly ash = 40 to 60 tons
 DUST COLLECTORS
Used to minimize environmental pollution

24. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

25. INTRODUCTION
A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely
enclosed except for openings for egress, commonly at each
end.
A tunnel may be for road traffic, ,canal , hydroelectric station,
Sewer etc.

26. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
• tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a machine
used to excavate tunnels with a circular
cross section through a variety of soil and
rock strata
• They can bore through anything from hard
rock to sand
• Tunnel diameters can range from a metre
to 19.25metre

28. DRILL AND BLAST
• 1.Before the advent of tunnel boring machines, drilling
and blasting was the only economical way of
excavating long tunnels through hard rock, where
digging is not possible.
• 2.Even today, the method is still used in the
construction of tunnels
• But the disadvantage is it disturbance the
surroundings

29. MAIN PARTS OF TBM

30. WORKING OF TBM
• A TBM is shaped like a tube. At the front is a
rotating disk with cutting teeth that can shear
through rock
• The pulverized rock falls to a conveyor belt that
carries it to the back of the TBM
• Hydraulic feet grip the sides of the tunnel and
push the machine forward
• There is also the ability to insert plates to line the
interior of the tunnel

31. ADVANTAGE
• Higher advance rates
• Continuous operations
• Less rock damage
• Less support requirements
• Uniform muck characteristics
• Greater worker safety
• Potential for remote, automated operation.

32. DISADVANTAGE
• The major disadvantage is the upfront cost
• TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to
transport.
• TBM can not move in backward direction
• TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to
transport.

33. APPLICATION
1. In Road Traffic
2. In Sewer
3. IN Mining
4. In Rail Traffics
5. In hydroelectric Stations
The main purpose for any organisation is that provide safe
environment for worker and TBM is more control and safe
than drilling and blasting
CONCLUSION

34. Thank You….