Plastic soil concrete

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PLASTIC SOIL CONCRETE
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CHANDKHEDA, AHMEDABAD
CENTRAL INSTTITUTE OF PLASTIC ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY: IPT AHMEDABAD
A REPORT ON
“PLASTIC SOIL CONCRETE”
Under the Subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING - Ⅱ
B.E. Plastic Engineering Semester: 5
Submitted by: -
1. NEEL VAGHASIA J 170520123058
2. PREET PATEL D 170520123034
3. DHAVAL AKBARI A 170520123002
Guideline By:
Ms Aayushi wawre
Head of department:
Academic year:
2019-2020

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to extend our heartily thanks with a deep sense
of gratitude and respect to all those who has provided us immense
help and guidance during our project.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to ourinternal guide
Ms aayushi wawre for providing a vision about the system and for
giving us an opportunity to undertake such a great challenging and
innovative work. We are grateful for the guidance, encouragement,
understanding and insightful support given in the development
process.
Last but not the least we would like to mention here that we are
greatly indebted to each and everybody who has been associated
with our project at any stage but whose name does not find a place
in this acknowledgement.

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ABSTRACT
The research of plastic soil concrete is having major
purpose of soil conservation and management of plastic
waste. This research investigates on strength and property of
concrete and how to improve it by using different plastic
composition. Here development of concrete made up of
plastic soil is done and several tests are conducted in order to
check strength of modified concretecompare to conventional
concrete, as a result of study.
KEY WORDS: - soil conservation, plastic waste management,
compressive strength of PSC, modification of concreteand cost
cut-off.

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INDEX
Sr
no
TOPIC Page
no
1. INTRODUCTION 5
2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 6
3. MATERIALS 8
4. PREPARATION OF PSC 10
5. TEST’S 14
6. AEIOU AND MINDMAPPING 17
7. EMPATHY CANVAS 22
8. IDEATION CANVAS 25
9. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS 27
10. LEARNING NEED MATRIX 29
11. PRODUCT DESIGN 31
12. CONCLUTION & REFERENCES 32

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
“Plastic soil concrete” is simply a mixture of plastic waste, soil, cement,
aggregates, and steel bars. The concrete is customised with plastic because
plastic is known for its tensiliability and compressibility abilities and also
cheap cost material.
With the drastic increase in population, the use of plastics has also
increased drastically. For years, researches and environmentalists are looking
for a solution to manage the plastic wastes disposal. Many ways of reusing
plastics for were implemented, yet hose ways were not enough to manage the
amount of plastic wastes being generated. So, incorporating plastic wastes in
concrete can be another way to reduce the disposalproblem of plastic wastes.
It can not only reducethe waste disposalproblem but also reduce the excessive
extraction ofnatural aggregates. Excessive extraction ofnatural aggregates can
cause slitting and sedimentation in rivers and can also change river courses,
causes death of aquatic life and expose land to agents of degradation. Since
waste is abundantly available, concretewith plastic aggregates can be cheaper
compared to conventional concrete.
[construction waste] [plastic waste]
[plastic concretecube]

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CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main objective of this research is to explore the possibility of
using waste plastics in concrete as concrete aggregate and reduce
problems associated to plastic wastes disposal as well as the
extraction of natural aggregates from the environment.
Other objectives of research are as follows:
 Soil conservation.
Soil conservation is the process of preventing erosion and loss
of fertility in soil. Erosion is problematic because loss of
topsoil equates to loss of nutrients that are required for plants
to survive. There are additional negative environmental effects
from loss of topsoil.
 To obtain optimum percentage of aggregates replacement.
Here 10% of soil is replaced to plastic waste. But we are trying
to increase the amount of plastic materials as much as with
better strength.
 To study change in strengths and properties of concrete.
Change in compressive capabilities, tensile strength, water
absorption capacity, split tensile strength and flexural stress.

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 Plastic waste management.
We are trying to use single use plastic like straws and also PP
[raffia grade] with some HDPE and LDPE wastes.
 Cost cut-off’s in concrete development.
As we all know plastic is wildly used because it is cheaper in
cost. So using plastic waste in concrete we can reduce cost of
production of concrete at some extend.

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CHAPTER 3
MATERIALS
 Materials used for this experiment are as follows: -
1. Cement: -
Portland pozzolana cement [PPC] was used for this
experiment. Properties according to IS 1489
2. Soil: -
Natural river and sand of zone 3 was used in construction
works. as per the experimental analysis, it is found that the
fineness modulus of sand is in the range of (2.78–1.71) as
per IS 383.

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3. Coarse aggregate: -
Locally available coarse aggregate of specific gravity 2.6 &
size 20mm downgrade was used according to IS 383-1970
4. Plastic material: -
For this experiment plastic materials used are:
▪ PP straws & raffia grade bags waste.
▪ LDPE & PET wastes.
5. Water: -
Normal tap water is used for casting and curing of concrete
sample.

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CHAPTER 4
PREPARATION OF [PSC]
In preparation of [PSC] concrete cube M20 grade concrete is
made in which 1:1.5:2:0.45 mix ratio is applied; cement, soil,
aggregates and water respectively.
Concentration of materials: - (for conventional concrete cube)
 Total volume of concrete = 7.811 kg
 Quantity of cement = 1.296 kg
 Quantity of sand = 2.824 kg
 Quantity of coarse aggregates = 2.592 kg
 Quantity of water = 0.500 L
Concentration of materials: - (for plastic soil concrete cube)
 Total volume of [PSC] concrete = 7.754 kg
 Quantity of cement = 1.296 kg
 Quantity of sand = 2.545 kg
 Quantity of coarse aggregates = 2.592 kg
 Quantity of plastic waste = 230 gm
 Quantity of water = 0.500 L
Formula for calculation of materials for required vol ofconcrete:
𝒗 𝒄 =
𝒘
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
+
𝑪
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒔 𝒄 +
𝑭 𝒂
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝑭 𝒂
+
𝒄 𝒂
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑺 𝒄𝒂
Vc = absolute volume of concrete
W = mass of water
C = mass of cement

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Fa = mass of sand[soil]
Ca = mass of coarse aggregates
Sc = specific gravity of cement
Sfa = specific gravity of soil
Sca = specific gravity of coarse aggregates
Method of preparation for concrete specimen: -
Mixture preparation steps:
 The concrete batch shall be mixed on water-tight, non-
absorbent platform with shovel or similar implement.
 The cement and sand shall be mixed dry until the mixture is
thoroughly blended and is uniform in colour.
 Then coarse aggregate shall be added and mixed with cement
and sand until coarse aggregate is uniformly distributed
throughout the batch.

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 Afterwards, water shall be added and entire batch mixed until
the concrete appears to be homogeneous and has desired
consistency.
 Now time to fill mould with homogeneous mixture, with
specific method; fill mould 1/3 with mixture and using stick to
distribute mixture in all corners of mould. Similarly fill 2/3 and
distribute material and then completely 100%, afterwards
surface the top and left mixture in mould to cure.
 For plastic specimen after filling 1/3 add plastic material,
similarly after 2/3 filling of mould.

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 Then left mixture in mould for 24 hours to solid.
Curing: -
 After keeping concrete mixture in mould for 24 hours to
solidify, de-moulded it and place in water tub for different
period of time 3,7,14&28 days for curing and gaining strength
according to IS 516
 We used 3 days’ time method to cure the cube

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CHAPTER 5
TESTING
WATER ABSORPTION TEST: -
 Test is conducted on the bases of Indian standards.
 First of all, weighting of both cubes is done in dry
condition.
▪ Plastic soil concrete cube wt: 7.754
▪ Conventional concrete cube wt: 7.811
 Now place cubes in water tub for 1 minute according to
standard procedure.
 After 1-minute weight the cubes in wet condition.
▪ Plastic soil concrete cube wt: 7.773
▪ Conventional concrete cube wt: 7.824
 we conclude that there is minor change in weight of
cubes due to absorption of water, which is negligible.
▪ Difference in weight of plastic cube is of [19gm]
▪ Difference in weight of conventional cube is [13 gm]
Grade of
concrete
Wt in dry
condition
Wt in wet
condition
% of water
absorbed
Quality of concrete
according to IS
M20[PSC] 7.754 kg 7.773 kg 0.24 % GOOD
M20[CC] 7.811 kg 7.824 kg 0.16% GOOD

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COMPRESSION TEST: -
 Compression test is done according to Bureau of Indian
standards. Testing standard is IS 516:1959
 Specimen: 150*150*150[mm] = 15cm³. Specimen age
is 4 days on day of compression testing.
Compressive strength of conventional concrete at age of 4 days
life is [3.29N/mm²] at compressive load of [74.1kN].

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Compressive strength of plastic soil concrete at age of 4 days
life is [3.54N/mm²] at compressive load of [79.6kN].
3.29
3.54
3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3 3.35 3.4 3.45 3.5 3.55 3.6
CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE [AGE 4D]
PLASTICSOIL CONCRETE [AGE 4D]
compressive strength N/mm²

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CHAPTER 6
AEIOU AND MINDMAPPING
AEIOU SUMMARY: -
1. ENVIRONMENT: -
 Soil conservation.
 Plastic waste management.
 Helps to reduce CO2 emission done while
production of cement.
 Ocean waste management.

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2. ACTIVITIES: -
 Industrial visit.
 Internet research.
 Compression strength test.
 Preparation of concrete slab.
 Raw material collection.
 Lab visit.
 Interaction with lab supervisor.
 Water absorption test.
3. INTERACTION: -
 Faculty.
 Civil industries staff.
 Engineering students.
 Builders.
4. USERS: -
 Dam.
 Civil contractors.
 Bridges.
 Builders.
 Civil industry.
 Flyovers.
 [PSC] concrete roads.
 Multi-storey buildings.
5. OBJECTS: -
 Cement.
 Water.
 Soil.
 Plastic waste.
 Coarse aggregates.
 Steel bars.

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MIND MAPPING: -
PLASTIC SOIL CONCRETE: -
RAW MATERIALS:
 RAW MATERIAL CONCENTRATIONS.
 RAW MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS.
TESTS:
 STANDARDS.
 SPECIMEN SIZE.
 TEST RESULTS.
MOULD:
METHOD OF PREPARATION:/

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Raw materials: -
 Cement.
 Soil.
 Water.
 Plastic waste.
 Coarse Aggregates.
 Steel bars.
Raw material concentrations: -[approx.]
 Vol of cement: 1kg
 Vol of sand: 1.28kg
 Vol of plastic waste: 280gm
 Vol of water: 500ml
 Vol of coarse aggregates: 3.2kg
Raw material specifications: -
 Cement: Portland cement (limestone & gypsum powder)
 Coarse aggregates: lake, rivers & ocean bed, medium
size and dark colour.
 Soil: slit, clay, nitrogen & from inner earth.
 Water: tap water properties.
 Plastic waste: HDPE & LDPE sheet waste, PP raffia
grade bags waste and PET bottles scrap.
Tests: -
 Compressive strength test.
Standards: -
 Bureau of Indian standards; IS 516:1959.

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Specimen size: -
 Cube specimen size: 15cm³.
Tests results: -
 In water absorption test plastic concrete cube absorbs
[0.24%] water in wet condition.
 For water absorption test of conventional concrete cube
[0.16%] water in wet condition.
 This result of water absorption is GOOD according
Indian standards.
 In compressive strength of plastic concrete cube is
[3.54N/mm²] and for conventional concrete cube is
[3.29N/mm²].
 So, results display that plastic customized concrete
results better strength compare regular concrete.
Mould: -
 Wooden mould with dimension of 150*150*150(mm)
Method of preparation: -
 Combine raw material in 1:1.5:3:0.45 ratio [for M20
grade concrete]. Now from 1is cement, 1:5 is sand, 3 is
aggregates, 0:45 is water concentration.
 Now 1:5 ratio is mixed with 10% plastic content. Next
mix plastic soil and cement dry.
 Now dry mixture is mixed with aggregates along with
water topping on it, now mix the materials
homogeneously.
 Now pour material step to step inside mould and
distribute material in direction of mould with the help of
stick.
 After mould gets completely fill level the surface of
mould and left it to cure for some period.

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CHAPTER 7
EMPATHY CANVAS

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EMPHATHY CANVAS: -
1. USERS:
 Civil industries.
 Builders.
 Civil contractors.
 [PSC] RCC roads.
2. STAKEHOLDERS:
 Industrial expo.
 Civil industries.
 Plastic industries.
 Builders.
3. ACTIVITIES:
 Compressive strength test.
 Lab visit.
 Preparation of concrete slab.
 Interaction with lab staff.
STORY BOARDING: -
 Happy: By this product in making plastic soil concrete
we decrease 20% soil usage in manufacturing of
concrete. By replacing it with 10 to 20% plastic content,
which also helps in plastic waste management.

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 Happy: Now, a day’s costing is major issue in any
product. So, addition of plastic at some extend helps to
cut-off cost of concrete production. As we all know that
plastic is widely used because it is cheaper in cost.
 Sad: It is used in construction of concrete about 8
billion tons approx. & rising day by day. So, using
plastic at some proportion helps to reduce soil content,
which further results in soil conservation. Otherwise it
leads to soil erosion and change in river flow patterns,
etc.
 Sad: If soil erosion occurs than fertility of soil decreases
which results difficulty in farming also breaks down
forest, which causes dry land as desertification. Also,
water level goes deeper inside core of earth. Also,
plastic recycling is only 7% / year of plastic production,
which is also not good sign for environment.

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CHAPTER 8
IDEATION CANVAS
IDEATION CANVAS: -
1. PEOPLE:
 Business man.
 Avg people.
 Construction contractors.
 Concrete block manufacturers.
 Workers.

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2. ACTIVITIES:
 Lab visit.
 Preparation of concrete cube.
3. SITUATION/CONTEXT/LOCATION:
 Industry.
 PSC RCC roads.
 Under water construction.
 Used in any season.
 Buildings.
 Dams/overbridges.
4. PROPS:
 Need to improve strength more.
 Need to reduce manufacturing costs.
 Need to improve hardness.
 Need to reduce production time.

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CHAPTER 9
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS: -
1. PURPOSE:
 Construction of PSC RCC beam.
 Preparing PSC RCC road.
 Making of PSC RCC slab.
2. PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:
 Safety.
 Light in weight.
 Cheaper than conventional RCC.

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3. PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:
 Combining plastic strength to concrete strength.
 Negligible water absorption feature.
4. PRODUCT FEATURES:
 Weather resistant.
 Chemical resistant.
 No maintenance.
 low cost compares to conventional RCC.
 Light in weight.
5. PEOPLE:
 Business man.
 Construction contractors.
 Workers.
6. COMPONENTS:
 Sand.
 Water.
 Cement.
 Plastic waste.
 Coarse aggregates.
7. CUSTOMER REVALIDATION:
 Easy to form PSC slab.
 Good hardened (drilling) strength.
 No maintenance.
8. REJECT/REDESIGN/RETAIN:
 Difficult to transport at actual site.
 Uneven surface of PSC slab
 Extra materials used to flat the surface.

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CHAPTER 10
LEARNING NEED MATRIX
LEARNING NEED MATRIX: -
1. PURPOSE/PRODUCT CONCEPT:
 Testing of plastic concrete slab & plastic waste
management.
2. STAGE 1:
 Concrete making process [hand method]
 Bureau of Indian standards IS 516:1959
 Plastic waste, Portland cement, coarse aggregates,
soil, water.
 Shovel, wooden mould, bucket, tub.

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3. STAGE 2:
 15cm³ is cube specimen size, 1:1:5:3:0.45 is
concentration ratio of materials.
 Water absorption test, compressive strength test.
 𝒗 𝒄 =
𝒘
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
+
𝑪
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒔 𝒄 +
𝑭 𝒂
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝑭 𝒂
+
𝒄 𝒂
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑺 𝒄𝒂
 M20 grade concrete cube, Vol of cement: 1kg, Vol of
sand: 1.28kg, Vol of plastic waste: 280gm, Vol of water:
500ml, Vol of coarse aggregates: 3.2kg.
1. 2.
[1] testing result [2] testing machine

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CHAPTER 11
PRODUCT DESIGN
1. 2.
3.
[1] conventional concrete cube & [2] plastic soil concrete cube

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CHAPTER 12
CONCLUTION AND REFERENCES
CONCLUTION
In this project successfully concludes its objectives of providing
better compressive strength compare to regular concrete cube. Also,
successful in water absorption test. Even plastic waste management
and soil conservation concept is seeming to be applicable at some
extend. At last cost cut-off is also major factor in civil industry.
REFERENCES
1. IS: 10262-2009,"Concrete Mix Proportioning -
Guidelines", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
2009.
2. IS: 516-1959,"Methods of test for strength of concrete",
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1959.
3. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/469272/
4. https://homeguides.sfgate.com/test-water-absorption-paver-
block-52187.html
5. https://newatlas.com/concrete-irradiated-plastic-stronger-
mit/51917/
6. https://medcraveonline.com/MOJCE/MOJCE-03-00082.php
7. https://www.nbmcw.com/tech-articles/concrete/25795-
plastic-mixed-reinforced-concrete-behaviour.html
8. Rajasekaran, S., Vasudevan, R., Paulraj, S.,"Reuse of
Waste Plastics Coated Aggregates-Bitumen Mix
Composite for Road Application – Green Method",
American Journal Engineering Research (AJER), 2(11),
pp. 1–13, 2013.
9. Ramasan, A., Babu, S.S., Lal, A., “Durability and
Bonding Characteristics of Plastic Aggregate Concrete”,
Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-
JMCE, 12(5), pp. 30-37, 2015.

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