The KQA February Open-Finals

THE FINALS
QMs: Manjith K and Praveen VR

RULES

• Infinite Pounce +10 /-10
• No part points on pounce.
• Infinite Bounce

THE LAYOUT

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A warm-up written round
22 questions clock-wise
A written round of 6 questions
22 questions anti-clockwise

0

When this painting by Yuill Damaso was unveiled in 2010 it caused a lot of
controversy where it was exhibited. What was this painting inspired by? (5pts)
Identify the 9 people in it. (2.5pts each)

This is a rip-off of Rembrandt’s ―The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp‖
And it shows a dead Nelson Mandela being dissected by the deceased child
activist Nkosi Johnson in front of Jacob Zuma, FW De Klerk, Desmond
Tutu, Cyril Rhamaphosa, Helen Zille, Trevor Manuel and Thabo Mbeki.

These pics are taken from the Vice Magazines’ Women in Fiction issue. They
were withdrawn after people protested that these images were done in bad
taste. The photos featured models styled and posed as famous female writers .
Each photo in the spread is captioned with the name of the author and had
the fashion credits for what the model is wearing ("Issa dress, Morgenthal
Frederics glasses, Jenni Kayne shoes―. But any information about these
authors' actual works were absent. Shown below are 4 pics from the set. ID
them for 5 points each.

Sylvia Plath
Virginia Woolf
Dorothy Parker
Iris Chang

1

He was a provincial watchmaker's son, but rose in French society and became
influential in the court of Louis XV as an inventor and music teacher. At the age
of twenty one, he invented an escapement for watches that allowed them to be
made substantially more accurate and compact. One of his greatest feats was a
watch mounted on a ring, made for Madame de Pompadour, a mistress of Louis
XV, this brought nation wide fame. He later became a spy for the king and started
a fictional company, Roderigue Hortalez and Company. It was secretly supported
by the French and Spanish crowns and supplied the American rebels with
weapons, munitions, clothes and provisions, all of which would never be paid for.
He was also a participant in the early stages of the French Revolution. He is
probably best known for his work as a playwright. One of his plays had this
famous monologue in the final act "Sans la liberté de blâmer, il n'est point d'éloge
flatteur" ("Without the freedom to criticise, there is no true praise"). Who and
What?

Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, he was the author the Figaro plays,
Le Barbier de Séville, Le Mariage de Figaro, and La Mère coupable.

2

X was in China in 2007, at the first party-approved _____ _______ and
______ convention in Chinese history. X asked an official that ______
_______ had been disapproved of for a long time and had changed. The man
said Chinese were brilliant at making things if other people brought them the
plans. But they did not innovate and they did not invent. They did not
imagine. So they sent a delegation to the US, to Apple, to Microsoft, to
Google, and they asked the people there who were inventing the future about
themselves. And they found that all of them had done something when they
were kids.
Fill up.

X is Neil Gaiman
And the Chinese found that all the innovators at American companies had
read Science Fiction and Fantasy when they were young.

3

The idea was pioneered by German architect Albert Speer while planning for the
1936 Summer Olympics. It was supposedly an extension of Gottfried Semper's
views about using "natural" materials. In reality it was a much older concept, even
becoming a European-wide Romantic fascination at one point for example, the
designs for the Bank of England built in the 19th century produced by Sir John
Soane was made in accordance with this theory. Hitler approved Speer's
recommendation that, in order to provide a "bridge to tradition" to future
generations, modern materials such as steel girders and ferroconcrete should be
avoided in the construction of monumental party buildings.
Why did Speer advocate the use of stone and other natural materials instead of
steel while across the Atlantic, Americans where building skyscrapers with it?

According to this school of architecture (Ruinenwert) the buildings materials
should be chosen in such a way that it would leave behind aesthetically
pleasing ruins that would last far longer without any maintenance at all.

4

He was the first actor to be awarded a knighthood. His troupe performed
season after season at the Lyceum Theatre, establishing himself and his
company as representative of English classical theatre. In a curious turn of
fate, most people today know of the actor because of his association with his
personal assistant whose main claim to fame during his lifetime was being a
personal assistant to the actor. The PA was a part-time writer and in one of
his novels the titular character was based on the actor. The picture of actor is
given on the next slide. Please give names of this actor and his PA.

Actor was Henry Irving and the PA was Bram Stoker. He modeled Dracula on
his boss.

5

Theodore W Adorno was a leading member of the Frankfurt School of
critical theory. He is widely regarded as one of the 20th century's foremost
thinkers on aesthetics and philosophy, as well as one of its preeminent
essayists. As a critic of both fascism and what he called the culture industry,
his writings—such as Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), Minima Moralia
(1951) and Negative Dialectics (1966)—strongly influenced the European
New Left.
Users of a certain service on the internet is familiar with him since January
2012. How? Also I won't take no for an answer.

Prof. Eric Jarosinski who writes the popular Twitter feed @NeinQuarterly
uses Adorno's pic as his DP

6

He was born to a Saudi Arabian father and Kuwaiti mother and is one of the
most influential Indian theatre directors and Drama teachers in 20th-century
Indian theatre. He also remained the Director of National School of Drama for
15 years. As the director of the National School of Drama (NSD),his fundamental
contribution was to devise a methodology of theatre training which has continued
after him, and to create a body of actors and directors which transformed the
notion of theatre at the grassroots level.
He was associated with training many well-known film and theatre actors and
directors including Om Puri, Naseeruddin Shah, Manohar Singh and Rohini
Hattangadi.
When he directed ―Andha Yug‖ by Dharamvir Bharati a play set in the last day of
Mahabharata war for NSD in 1964, it became a national theatrical event. Who is
this?

7

Zui quan is a category of techniques, forms and fighting philosophy. The
postures are created by momentum and weight of the body, and imitation is
generally through staggering and certain type of fluidity in the movements.
Even though the style seems irregular and off balance it takes the utmost
balance to be successful. It is considered to be among the most difficult
wushu styles to learn due to the need for powerful joints and fingers. Swaying
and falling are used to throw off opponents. When the opponent thinks the
boxer is vulnerable he is usually well balanced and ready to strike. The waist
movements trick opponents into attacking, sometimes even falling over. Falls
can be used to avoid attacks but also to pin attackers to the ground while vital
points are targeted. What technique is this?

8

The earthquake bomb, or seismic bomb, was a concept that was invented by
an British aeronautical engineer early in World War II and subsequently
developed and used during the war against strategic targets in Europe. The
idea was to make a ten-ton bomb that would explode some 130 ft (40 m)
underground (see pic). To achieve this, the bomb would have had to be
dropped from 40,000 feet (12 km). The RAF had no aircraft at the time
capable of carrying a ten-ton bomb load aloft, let alone lifting it to such a
height. He also designed a six-engine aeroplane for the task, called the
"Victory Bomber", but he was not taken seriously by the military hierarchy of
the day. He then took a different line in developing a means to hamper
Germany's industry. What was this other means?

The engineer was Barnes Willis and the other bomb he designed was the
Bouncing Bomb used by the Dam Busters

9

Excerpts from an interview to Columbia Records at on September 12, 2003.
"I thought ―I’ll just go to Columbia with this new album and I won’t say a word
about it because I know they won’t like it‖. ― When asked why, he listed these
reasons.

•
•
•
•

"You’ve got all originals on this same album.
You can’t dance to it.
You want a painting on the cover.
We’ve never done that before. We just can’t present this album as you like it
and as you’ve written it."
Which album?

The album was Time Out. the person interviewed was Dave Brubeck.

10

It was the first major success for it's author, turning him from an unknown
writer into a celebrated author practically overnight. Napoleon Bonaparte
considered it one of the great works of European literature. He thought so
highly of it that he wrote a soliloquy in the same style in his youth and carried
the book with him on his campaigning to Egypt.
After this novel appeared in 1774, a generation of privileged young men
began to dress in yellow trousers and blue jackets, as their troubled hero was
described. It is often said that the book also inspired a wave of "activities"
across Europe and even now when such "activities" happen in clusters it is
sometimes called the _______ Effect after the hero, but there is no hard
evidence linking these "activities" to that novel. Which novel?

Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther

11

The word X did not appear in Websters New World Dictionary as late as 1957;
we only find the older form Y which meant doing arithmetic using Arabic
numerals. By the time of Renaissance, the origin of the word was in doubt
and early linguists attempted to guess its derivation by making combinations
which meant "painful numbers". Some people speculated that it was named
after a king of Castile. But later it was correctly attributed to a native of a
region which is located in the Amu River basin just south of the Aral Sea.
What is X?

Algorithm, it comes from the famous Persian text book author Abd Allah
Muhammad ibn Musa al Khwarizmi literally, Father of Abdullah, Mohammed,
son of Moses, native of Khwarizm

12

It is an oblong pastry made with choux dough filled with a cream and topped
with icing (see pic). The name comes from French for 'flash of lightning', so
named because it is eaten in a flash. In 1971 Cadbury introduced a product of
the same name in India , after it acquired Pascall, an English confectionery
firm that devised this delicious formula in the 1960s. What word?

13

As a science, seismology is relatively young. Its beginning is attributed to the
1750 Lisbon earthquake. A series of circumstances and interests involved
these people in the development of this new science from its inception. This
interest, certainly, was consonant with their tradition in science dating from
the 16th century, which developed out of their work in colleges and
universities. The character of seismology as a public service to mitigate the
destructive effects of earthquakes was another influential factor. Especially in
undeveloped countries, they were in many instances the first to install
seismographic stations and to carry out seismicity and seismic risk studies.
They installed and maintained at least 38 seismographic stations world wide.
Most of these stations were founded before 1920, and many ceased operation
in the 1960's and 1970's. Because of this seismology has been called a ______
science. Who are these people?

14

A guitar player responding to what his favorite colors are. Read and Fill in the
blanks.
"After I apprenticed as an upholsterer for a few years, I opened my own shop,
Third Man Upholstery. Everything was yellow, black and white. All my power
tools were yellow and black. I had a yellow van. I ran my business like a cartoon. I
was making out bills in crayon and writing poetry inside people's furniture. I didn't
care if I made any money. I was so happy to pull up in front of someone's house
wearing a yellow-and-black uniform, with a yellow clipboard. But the ____ _____'
colors were always red, white and black. It came from peppermint candy. I also
think they are the most powerful color combination of all time, from a Coca-Cola
can to a Nazi banner. Those colors strike chords with people. In Japan, they are
honorable colors. When you see a bride in a white gown, you immediately see
innocence in that. Red is anger and passion. It is also sexual. And black is the
absence of all that.―

The White Stripes and that was Jack White

15

Emile Zola called it the greatest work of it's artist, the one in which he
realizes the dream of all painters: to place figures of natural grandeur in a
landscape. One interpretation of the work is that it depicts the rampant
prostitution that occurred in the Bois de Boulogne, a large park at the western
outskirts of Paris, at the time. This prostitution was common knowledge in
Paris, but was considered a taboo subject unsuitable for a painting. The Bois
de Boulogne is to this day known as a pick-up place for prostitutes and illicit
sexual activity after dark, just as it had been in the 19th century. Which
painting?

Manet’s Le dejeuner Sur l’herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass)

16

The Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba is a medieval Islamic mosque that was
converted into a Catholic Christian cathedral in the Spanish city of Córdoba,
Andalusia. The main hall of the mosque was used for a variety of purposes. It
served as a central Prayer hall for personal devotion, the five daily Muslim
prayers and the special Friday prayers. What was the seemingly countless array
of these iconic pillars supposed to represent?

The rows of palm trees in the oases depict the homeland from where the
Moors came to Spain

17

What is this video paying tribute to?

It is a video of a song by Icelandic post-rock band Sigur Rós.
The video is also a direct allusion to J. D. Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the
Rye". In the novel, character Holden Caulfield says "I have to catch everybody
if they start to go over the cliff - I mean if they're running and they don't
look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them.
That's all I do all day. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all."

18

Cinder Lake lies just south of Sunset Crater, northeast of Flagstaff Arizona.
The pic shows a series of carefully timed and very precisely located explosions
which was carried out there in 1967. In the first round alone, this required
312.5 pounds of dynamite and 13,492 pounds of fertilizer mixed with fuel oil.
At the end of a four-day period of controlled explosions they created a field
which was designed to duplicate at a 1:1 scale a very specific location. What?
(looking for a very specific answer here)

The future Apollo 11 landing site on the moon, in a region called the Mare
Tranquillitatis. The pic on the left is Cinder Lake and the right the landing site

19

Also known as S/L Livingstone the boat was built of riveted sheet iron in
1912 in the United Kingdom for service in Africa on the Victoria Nile and
Lake Albert. Even though there were many boats like it, the distinguishing
feature of this boat was it's vertical boiler. She was used by the British East
Africa Railway from 1912 to 1968 to shuttle cargo and passengers across Lake
Albert .In 1950 she played a major part in a movie where the movie was
filmed in those parts of the world. The boat was found in Cairo, Egypt in the
1970s and was purchased and shipped to USA. The boats new home port is
an island off Florida and it's name is derived from Spanish for "long small island". Interestingly the boat and it’s current home port are the names of two
films made by a director starring the same hero. ID both.

19

Along with paintings like these pics (next slide) the design team took
inspiration from New York City's Art Deco buildings, John Wayne's gunslinger
gait, T-series Russian tank and the Land Rover. The aim was to make
something which was "conscious of the heritage, but not a pastiche or an
homage or a greatest hits of everything". The end result was something
which prompted such lavish praise from William Gibson "ravishing display of
intelligent, often wonderfully witty visual design, every frame alive with
coherent language, in the service of what is at heart a children's story... A
baroque that doesn't curdle, that never fetishizes itself." What?

20

Identify the comic strip/What was getting outlined here?
Also what did I blank? (5 points each)

What is now known as the Bechdel test was introduced in Alison Bechdel's
comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For. The Bechdel Test which asks whether a
work of fiction features at least two women who talk to each other about
something other than a man.
The blanked out movie is Alien 

21

This princely state was ruled continuously by one dynasty from
AD 590 to 1947. It is said that no other dynasty in India has a
chronology of 184 generations starting from ancient times. The
describe themselves as Chandravanshi Kshatriyas and believe that
they have descended from Pandavas themselves. The 180th king
ascended the throne in 1850 and at the time of coronation itself,
deviating from the custom of declaring sons as princes, the King
declared his brother next in line. As result of this decision, the
prince who might have been the King a generation later had to
pursue an alternative profession. What dynasty and therefore who
was this prince who became a legend in his profession?

The Dev Burmans of Tripura. And S. D. Burman

22

Earlier this month, Guildhall square in Portsmouth saw some 40 descendants
of a person converge to basically dishonor his death wish. He had written, "I
conjure to my friends on no account to make me the subject of any
monument, memorial or testimonial whatsoever." The relatives have taken the
view that this request was designed to prevent the kind of garish toga-wearing
funeral monuments popular in Victorian times and does not preclude a tribute
made 144 years after his death.
So Britain's foremost portrait sculptor Martin Jennings was roped in to do the
job. Jennings had made a name for himself by sculpting statues of people like
Walter Betjeman and Philip Larkin. Who was this man who probably didn’t
want birds to poop on his head even if it was a statue's?

This is the Dickens’ statue, the only one in Britain.

WRITTEN ROUND
LITERATURE ON STAMPS

Differential scoring.

If 4 or more teams get a question right, each team gets 5 points.
If 2 or 3 teams get a question right, each team gets 10 points.
If only one team gets the question right, they get 15 points.

1.

The third version of this structure (see image on next slide) was
opened in the late 1990s. Stamps were released to commemorate
the occasion. Which structure?

2.

Characters from a book series honoured on stamps. Name the series.

4.

Identify the male character.
Also, name the Premier League
footballer who gets his
nickname from this character.

5.

Id the author riding on his creation,
as depicted on this Israeli stamp.

6.

The Burundi stamps pay tribute to an
author, based on whose short stories,
the two movies illustrated here were
made.
Name the author.

The Globe theater from Shakespeare’s days. The stamps shown here
reflect the two earlier buildings of the theater.

A laptop with a dragon tattoo..
Stieg Larsson.

The BFG (Big Friendly Giant) created by Roald Dahl.
Per Mertesacker.

H G Wells on his Time Machine.

Ray Bradbury.
The movies are based on ―The beast from 20000 fathoms‖ and ―The
Illustrated Man‖.

1.

Shown here are a few paintings by Walter Sickert (18601942), an artist regarded by some as the greatest British
painter between Turner and Bacon. In 2002, the American
novelist Patricia Cornwell purchased some 32 of his
paintings at a cost of over £2 million. Art enthusiasts have
claimed that Cornwell destroyed one of the paintings.
Cornwell has denied this.
What exactly is Patricia Cornwell's interest in the artist?
(see pics on the next two slides)

Patricia Cornwell is a crime novelist. She believes that
Walter Sickert is Jack the Ripper.
Many of his paintings featured murder scenes which had
striking similarities with the ripper’s work. Cornwell
allegedly ripped apart a canvas to obtain Sickert’s DNA
to corroborate her claim.

2.

In 1967, the organizers of a performance in Cincinnati
approached a man named J Paul Barnett to help out with
the logistics. He had worked as a state trooper in his youth
and had also been a teacher for a while. For about 80
years, the arrangement had been considered too difficult
to get right. But Paul Barnett succeeded. He later helped
with performances all over the world, recreating the
arrangement that had originally been intended.
What exactly was Paul Barnett, the first person to set up ?

Cannons in Tchaikovsky’s ―1812 Overture‖.
A total of 16 cannon shots were written into the original
score. The composer never got to see it performed the
way he had envisioned. He had planned to use an
electric switch panel to fire the cannons outside the
opera house to achieve the precision the musical score
required. This was implemented only in 1967.

3.

The pic on the next slide shows a monument. An ancient ban forbid members of a
particular community from walking underneath this arch. For close to 2000 years,
this ban was in force. In the late 1940s, some members of the community decided
that a recent event had lifted the ban, and walked underneath it. But it was not
formally announced. In 1997, around the 50th anniversary of the walk, a ceremony
was held to announce the formal lifting of the ban. People walked underneath it
again.
A) Identify the structure.
B) What event lifted the ban?

The Arch of Titus in Rome.
The monument commemorated the Roman victory in
Judaea and the destruction of the Second Temple of
Jerusalem in 70 C.E. The Jews of Rome were forbidden
from walking underneath the symbol of their slavery.
In 1948, when the state of Israel was formed, the
community broke the ban, since their nation was reborn.

4

The last known specimen of this bird belonged to Count
Frederik Christian Raben. He had obtained a specimen
for his taxidermy collection from Iceland in 1821. About
150 years later, the director of the Icelandic Natural
History Museum bought it in an auction and brought it
back to Iceland, flying it in a reserved seat in a flight.
Incidentally, the bird’s name was also the nickname of
the Field Marshall shown in the next pic.
Identify both.
(pics on the next two slides)

Auk (or The Great Auk).
Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of India, was nicknamed ―The
Auk‖.

5.

The results of the study was announced on April 12, 1955 at the University of
Michigan. Eli Lilly and Company paid $250,000 to broadcast the event. Americans
turned on their radios to hear the details, department stores set up loudspeakers,
and judges suspended trials so that everyone in the courtroom could hear.
Europeans listened on the Voice of America. One account of the event:
"The presentation was numbing, but the results were clear ... Inside the
auditorium, Americans tearfully and joyfully embraced the results. By the time
Thomas Francis stepped down from the podium, church bells were ringing across
the country, factories were observing moments of silence, synagogues and
churches were holding prayer meetings, and parents and teachers were weeping‖.
"It was as if the war had ended", one observer noted.

April 12th almost became a national holiday as people took the rest of the day off,
honked horns and gave thanks.
What was announced?

The study confirming that field tests
of the Polio vaccine were successful.
Until then, there were, on average,
about 45,000 polio cases a year in the
US alone.

6.

What is satirized in the image on the next slide? A NY Times report
described it as:
“At 9:30 o’clock 21 elephants, 7 camels, and 10 dromedaries issued from the
ferry at the foot of Courtlandt-Street. . . . The other elephants shuffled along,
raising their trunks and snorting as every train went by.“
Who was responsible for this stunt?

When the Brooklyn Bridge was opened, there was huge public
skepticism about the safety of the world’s longest suspension
bridge.
P T Barnum, the circus showman, offered to demonstrate the
strength of the bridge by walking 21 elephants across it. The
stunt gave his circus a lot of publicity, but also helped to
establish public trust in the bridge’s safety.

7.

In 1809, Napoleon I of France arrived at Schönbrunn Palace to play X. According to
an eyewitness report, X saluted Napoleon prior to the start of the match. The details
of the match have been published over the years in numerous accounts, many of
them contradictory.
As per one version, X sat at a cabinet, and Napoleon sat at a separate chess table.
Napoleon's table was in a roped-off area and he was not allowed to cross into X's
area, with Mälzel crossing back and forth to make each player's move and allowing a
clear view for the spectators. When Napoleon attempted an illegal move, X
responded by correcting him. When he repeated the illegal move twice, X knocked all
the pieces off the board with a sweep of the arm.
Napoleon was reportedly amused, and then played a real game, completing nineteen
moves before tipping over his king in surrender.
Identify the player X.

―The Turk‖, a chess playing mechanical automaton.
From 1770 to 1854, various owners displayed it as an automaton capable
of playing chess against humans. It toured Europe, playing several well
known personalities. In reality, it was controlled by a human chess master
sitting inside it.

8.

In 1966, George Harrison arrived in India with his wife to meet Pandit
Ravishankar. He bought a Sitar and started taking lessons from the Indian
maestro.
This event is said to have caused a boom in a particular type of business in
India. Which?

House boats/ Shikaras in Dal Lake.
Harrison and Ravi Shankar had their music sessions in a house
boat in Srinagar to escape the crowd of fans.

9.

In 1968, Lamborghini introduced a car called the "Islero".
Although it wasn’t very successful, the name is very famous. The
inspiration for the name arises from a tragic event in August,
1947. The incident sent a nation into mourning, but also
immortalized the name.
What incident?

Lamborghini cars are named after
bulls or bullfighting terms.
Islero was the bull that killed
Manolete, the matador regarded as
the greatest of them all.

10.

This photo of Brad Pitt and
Angelina Jolie at the 2008 Cannes
Film Festival evoked comparisons
with a masterpiece from 1434. The
color of the dress and the pregnancy
were picked up by the gossip site
―perezhilton.com‖, which published
a comparison. Which artwork?
(one more pic on next slide)

―The Arnolfini Portrait‖ by Jan van Eyck.

11.

In Charles Dickens's last completed novel "Our Mutual Friend", there is a scene where
Mrs. and Mr. Boffin try to adopt a child from an illiterate lady named Mrs. Betty
Higden, who has several orphaned children under her care. Mrs. Higden introduces one
of the kids (named Sloppy) to the Boffins.
"I aint, you must know,‖ said Betty, ―much of a hand at reading writing-hand, though I
can read my Bible and most print. And I do love a newspaper. You mightn’t think it, but
Sloppy is a beautiful reader of a newspaper. ___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ___ ___."
The last sentence meant to convey that, when Sloppy read the newspaper to the
illiterate Mrs. Higden, he enlivened the performance by speaking each of the voices
quoted in the newspaper articles in distinctive voices or accents.
Which classic of the 20th century had this strange sentence as its working title? (Points
for giving just the working title also). The work featured a variety of voices and the title
is pretty apt.

T. S. Eliot’s ―The Wasteland‖ was originally titled ―He Do The Police in
Different Voices‖.
The Dickens character Sloppy had the habit of reading out Police statements
from the newspaper in different voices.

12.

The 1906 Atlantic City train wreck occurred in Atlantic
City, New Jersey, on Sunday October 28, 1906. A West
Jersey and Seashore Railroad electric train fell off a draw
bridge, drowning 53 people. A man named Ivy Lee
convinced Pennsylvania Railroad, the parent company, to
act before any rumors of the accident started spreading.
What first, did this incident result in?

The first press release.
Ivy Lee created a public statement about the accident,
and presented it to journalists at the location of the
incident. The New York Times newspaper printed the
press release word-for-word on Oct. 30, 1906.

13.

Shown here is the traditional flag of Sicily. It features the triskelion
or three bent legs, the head of Medusa and three wheat ears.
The flag is bisected diagonally into regions colored red and yellow,
red representing the municipality of Palermo, yellow representing
____ , which in medieval times was an agricultural city of renown.
Palermo and ____ were the first two cities to found a confederation
against the Angevin rule of Charles I in the 13th century.
Identify the agricultural city represented by the yellow colour.

14.

The original photo was published in the 1940s, but most
people thought that the ladies were just models. They
were nicknamed ―Refrigerator ladies‖ who were posing
to make it look good (much like the refrigerator
advertisements).
In 1985, a lady named Kathy Kleiman chanced upon
their photo and tracked them down. Who were these
ladies? (pics on next slide)

ENIAC programmers.
Six women had programmed the original ENIAC
computer during WWII. Their ballistics program used
hundreds of wires and 3000 switches to calculate firing
tables and ballistic trajectories.

15

The tower shown here is located in Recife, Brazil, it is the only
one preserved in its original form. In the 1920's and 1930's
structures like these were built in many countries. They were used
to reduce the number of men needed to manage a process. They
came in different heights, the one at Cardington completed in
1926, was an eight sided steel girder structure, 200 feet high. The
tallest one ever designed was soon converted for use as a
television and radio transmitter tower. What were these things
used for?

That was a Zeppelin Mooring Tower.
The tallest one was at the Empire
State Building.

16

They created special packing case which could minimize vibration and
ensure that it would never come into contact with another surface. To
increase security the case had to be small enough to be easily carried by
two men but impossible to be carried by only one. Moreover, the case
had to be unsinkable in the event it had to be thrown overboard into
the sea. They also had the French flag painted on it, to show that it was
French property, because they worried that without the markings,
maritime law concerning the salvage rights of property retrieved
outside territorial waters might allow the it to be wrenched from the
possession of France. After reaching the destination they also insisted
on a bank vault with an independent air-conditioning system and in the
case of a labor strike or loss of electricity, it would need to be
connected to a hospital or the Pentagon. What did the case carry?

This was how Mona Lisa was shipped to the USA in 1962

17

In the end seventy-nine of these (pic) were built for the French
National Railway SNCF, last of them remaining in regular use
until 1960's.The engines were derated to produce only about 200
HP, but even in this form they provided excellent performance.
One of the railcars took a world average speed record of 122
mph (196 km/h) for 43.9 miles (70.7 km). The railcar turned an
earlier project from an economic failure into a commercial
success. The earlier project's intended customers where the Kings
of Europe but none was eventually sold to them , the company
even refused to sell one to King Zog of Albania, claiming that
"the man's table manners are beyond belief!" Which car?

18

It is a Scottish variant of the late medieval two-handed long sword and takes
its name from Gaelic for "great sword". The two-handed version was a large
sword used in the late Medieval and early modern periods. It was used in the
constant clan warfare and border fights with the English from circa 1400 to
1700. The largest one on record is a sword measuring 7 feet 6 inches (2.24 m)
and weighing 23 pounds (10 kg).
This name was chosen for an invention which was developed as a response to
the massed Chinese attacks during the Korean War. It shoots a pattern of
metal balls into the kill zone like a shotgun and is characterized by the
message "Front Toward Enemy" on one side of its casing. What?

The Claymore Mine, the name was chosen by it’s inventor Norman McLeod

19

It is an ambiguous figure in which the brain switches between animals. The
earliest known version is an unattributed drawing from the 23 October 1892
issue of Fliegende Blätter, a German humor magazine. The image was made
famous by Ludwig Wittgenstein, who included it in his Philosophical
Investigations as a means of describing two different ways of seeing.
Interestingly, children tested on Easter Sunday are more likely to see the figure
as a Y, whereas when tested on a Sunday in October, they tend to see it as a X.
In the Hindus, An Alternative History, Wendy Doniger uses this figure to
drive home a few points. What figure are we talking about? Also for brownie
points explain how the ambiguity arises.

20

It belongs to a very old family of instruments. These type of instruments have
been of particular importance in Chinese and Mesoamerican cultures. Its
earliest use in Europe dates back to the 19th century in Budrio, a town near
Bologna, Italy, where Giuseppe Donati transformed it from a toy, which only
played a few notes, into a more comprehensive instrument. The word for it in
the Bolognese dialect of the Italian language means "little goose." In 1998 it
was featured in a videogame attracting a marked increase in interest and a
dramatic rise in sales. Listen to the audio and Id the instrument and theme.

The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time

21

This type of shirt also known as lumberjack shirt was first made in 1924 by an
Oregon based company. It was made popular in southern California in the
early 1960s by surfers. It was used as an easy warm after surf pull-on, and
ideal for evening beach parties. A certain American band were named after
this shirt before taking on their more obvious name, and wore the shirts for
gigs, copying the South Bay surfer style becoming popular in 1960-61. The
group can be seen in Pendleton’s on the cover of their "The Best of" album.
What shirt? Which Band?

The Pendletons and The Beach Boys

22

Vinzenz Brinkmann is classical archaeologist who has created full-scale plaster or
marble copies of Greek statues using the same mineral derived substances used by
the ancients. He has used minerals like malachite, azurite, arsenic compounds,
cinnabar, burned bone and vine. Brinkmann is trying to disprove a long held view,
including those of the pioneering archaeologist and art historian Johann Joachim
Winckelmann.
The classical view holds that a distinctive aspect of the Greek statues was
intentional - chosen so that the beauty of the structure was emphasized.
Brinkmann disagrees with this and believes that this aspect is the result of
oxidation, dirt and mistakes made during the restoration of the sculptures. For
centuries, antiquarians who envisioned the statues in Brinkmann's fashion were
dismissed as eccentrics, and their challenges went ignored. What is Brinkmann
trying to prove?

That statues of ancient Greece were colored and their color got withered and
disappeared over time

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