1. INDEX
CONTENT1 – GOOGLE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Google Design
1.3 Google Services and Tool
1.4 Google Products
1.5 Google Lab
1.6 Some Google Parameter
1.7 Future Inventions from Google
CONTENT2 - SEARCH ENGINE
2.1 About Search Engine
2.2 Search Engine Market Share
CONTENT3- HOW GOOGLE WORKS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Working Process
CONTENT4- HOW GOOGLE EARN
CONTENT5 - CURRENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT
CONTENT6 -GOOGLE AND YAHOO SEARCH ENGINE TECHNOLOGY
COMPARISON
CONTENT7 - BIBLIOGRAPHY

2. “TO ORGANIZE THE WORLD'S INFORMATION AND MAKE
IT UNIVERSALLY ACCESSIBLE AND USEFUL.”
- GOOGLE INC

3. CONTENT 1
1.1 GOOGLE
 A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that
are important and relevant to a user's search.
 Google was founded by Larry page and Sergey brin while they were student at Stanford
University, California.
 originally nicknamed "backrub"
 The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997.
 Google.inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related
to its internet search, e-mail, online mapping, office productivity, social networking and
video sharing service as well as selling advertising-free versions of the same
technologies.
 Google has developed an open source web browsers and a mobile operating system.
 The Google headquarters, the googolplex, is located in Mountain View, California. as of
march31, 2009,

4. FOUNDER
ERIC EMERSON SCHMIDT
ERIC EMERSON SCHMIDT was born in 1955 in Washington D.C.
Chairman and ceo of Google inc. and a member of the board of directors of apple Inc.

5. LAWRENCE EDWARD "LARRY" PAGE
LAWRENCE EDWARD “LARRY” PAGE was born on March 26, 1973 in Lansing, Michigan
He is currently the president of products at Google Inc.

6. SERGEY BRIN
SERGEY BRIN was born on august 21, 1973
Co-founder and president of technology of Google

7. 1.2 GOOGLE AND DESIGN EXPERIENCE
(Fig 1.2)
Google is a play on the word googol, which refers to the number represented by the numerical 1
followed by 100 zeroes. Google’s use of the term reflects the company's mission to organize the
immense, seemingly. Infinite amount of information available on the web.

8. 1.3 GOOGLE SERVICES AND TOOLS
(Fig 1.3)

9. 1.4 PRODUCTS FROM GOOGLE
(Fig 1.4)
• Desktopproducts
– Desktop extensions -These products created by Google are extensions to software
created by other organizations.
• Mobile products
– Online mobile products
– Downloadable mobile products
• Web products
• Development
• Mapping
• Search
• Google Hardware

10. 1. Desktop Products
• Ad Words Editor
– Desktop application to manage a Google Ad Words account. The application
allows users to make changes to their account and advertising campaigns before
synchronizing with the online service.
• Chrome
– Web browser.
• Desktop
– Desktop search application that indexes e-mails, documents, music, photos, chats,
Web history and other files. It allows the installation of Google Gadgets.
• Earth
– Virtual 3D globe that uses satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS from
Google's repository.
• Gmail/Google Notified
– Alerts the user of new messages in their Gmail account.
• Pack
– Collection of computer applications -- some Google-created, some not --
including Google Earth, Google Desktop, Picasa, Google Talk, and Google
Chrome.
– Talk
– Application for VoIP and instant messaging. It consists of both a service and a
client used to connect to the service, which uses the XMPP protocol.
• Photos Screensaver
– Slideshow screensaver as part of Google Pack, which displays images sourced
from a hard disk, or through RSS and Atom Web feeds.

11. • Picasa
– Photo organization and editing application, providing photo library options and
simple effects. Also includes Facial Recognition and GeoTagging features.
• Picasa WebAlbums Up loader
– An application to upload images to the "Picasa Web Albums" service. It
consists of both an iPhoto plug-in and a stand-alone application.

12. 2. Desktop extensions
• BloggerWebComments
– Displays related comments from other Blogger users.
• DashboardWidgets for Mac
– Collection of mini-applications including Gmail, Blogger and Search History.
• Gears
– A browser plug-in that enables development of off-line browser applications.
• Send to Mobile
– Allows users to send text messages to their mobile phone (US only) about web
content.
• Toolbar
– Web browser toolbar with features such as a Google Search box, phishing
protection, pop-up blocker as well as the ability for website owners to create
buttons.

13. 3. Mobile Products
• BloggerMobile
– Only available on some US networks. Allows you to update your Blogger blog
from a mobile device.
• Buzz
– Buzz is a social networking service built into Gmail. It was released on February
9th, 2010.
• Calendar
– Displays a list of all Google Calendar events on a mobile device. Users are able to
quickly add events to your personal calendar.
• Gmail
– Access a Gmail account from a mobile device using a standard mobile web
browser. Alternatively, Google provides a specific mobile application to access
and download Gmail messages quicker.
• News
– Allows the user to access Google News in a mobile-optimized view.
• Google Mobilizer
– Optimizes web pages for mobile web browsers.
– Information about a product.
• Reader
– Displays Google Reader on a mobile device.
• Mobile search
– Search web pages, images, local listings and mobile-specific web pages through
the Google search engine. Mobile view is enabled by default.

14.  Picasa WebAlbums
– Lets you view and share photo albums that you have stored online on Picasa.
• Google Latitude
– Google Latitude is a mobile relocation tool that lets your friends know where you
are via Google Maps.
• Google Maps Navigation
– An Android navigation application for GPS-enabled mobile devices (such as the
Google Nexus One) with 3D views, turn-by-turn voice guidance and automatic
rerouting. It is currently available only in the United States.

15. 4. Web Products
• Dashboard
– Dashboard is an online tool that allows Google Account holders to view all their
personal information Google is storing on their servers.
• Ad Planner
– An online tool that allows users to view traffic estimates for popular web sites and
create media plans.
• Ad Manager
– A hosted ad management solution
• Ad Sense
– Advertisement program for Website owners. Adverts generate revenue on either a
per-click or per-thousand-ads-displayed basis, and adverts shown are from Ad
Words users, depending on which adverts are relevant.
• Ad Words
– Google's flagship advertising product and main source of revenue. Ad Words
offers pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, and site-targeted advertising for both text
and banner ads.
• Google Advertising Professionals
– Google's Ad Words partner certification program, providing Ad Words
qualifications to agencies that pass exams and other criteria
• Ad Words Website Optimizer
– Integrated Ad Words tool for testing different website content, in order to gain to
the most successful advertising campaigns.

16. • Click-to-Call
– Calling system so users can call advertisers for free at Google's expense from
search results pages. This service was discontinued.
• Double-click
– Internet ad serving provider.
• Grants
– Scheme for non-profit organizations to benefit from free Cost-Per-Click
advertising on the Ad Words network.
• TV Ads
– CPM-driven television advertising scheme available on a trial basis, currently
aimed towards professional advertisers, agencies and partners
• Apps
– Custom domain and service integration service for businesses, enterprise and
education, featuring Gmail and other Google products.
• Blogger
– Weblog publishing tool. Users can create custom, hosted blogs with features such
as photo publishing, comments, group blogs, blogger profiles and mobile-based
posting with little technical knowledge.
• Buzz
– Integrated with Gmail service allowing sharing updates, photos, videos and more
at once. It lets the users make conversations about the things they find interesting.
This looks as a transition to Google Wave.
• Calendar
– Free online calendar. It includes a unique "quick add" function which allows users
to insert events using natural language input. Other features include Gmail
integration and calendar sharing. It is similar to those offered by Yahoo! and
MSN.

17. • Docs
– Document, spreadsheet and presentation application, with document collaboration
and publishing capabilities.
• Friend Connect
– Friend Connect is an online service that empowers website and blog owners to
add social features to their websites. It also allows users to connect with their
friends on different websites that have implemented Google Friend Connect on
their website.
• Gadgets
– Mini-applications designed to display information or provide a function in a
succinct manner. Available in Universal or Desktop format.
• Profiles
– It is simply how you present yourself on Google products to other Google users. It
allows you to control how you appear on Google and tells others a bit more about
who you are.
• Gmail (Also knownas Google Mail)
– Free Webmail IMAP and POP e-mail service provided by Google, known for its
abundant storage and advanced interface. It was first released in an invitation-only
form on April 1, 2004. Mobile access and Google Talk integration is also
featured.
• iGoogle (PreviouslyGoogle PersonalizedHomepage)
– Customizable homepage, which can contain Web feeds and Google Gadgets,
launched in May 2005. It was renamed to iGoogle on April 30, 2007 (previously
used internally by Google).

18. • Notebook
– Web clipping application for saving online research. The tool permits users to
clip text, images, and links from pages while browsing, save them online, access
them from any computer, and share them with others. Google recently stopped
development on Notebook and no longer accepts sign-ups. While old users can
still access their notebooks, newcomers are offered to try other services such as
Google Docs and Google Bookmark
• Orkut
– Social networking services, where users can list their personal and professional
information, create relationships amongst friends and join communities of mutual
interest. In November 2006, Google opened Orkut registration to everyone,
instead of being invitation only.
• Panoramio
– Photos of the world.
• Picnik
– Online photo editing service.
• Reader
– Web-based news aggregator, capable of reading Atom and RSS feeds. It allows
the user to search, import and subscribe to feeds. The service also embeds audio
enclosures in the page. Major revisions to Google Reader were made in October
2006.
• Sites (Previously Jot spot)
– Website creation tool for private or public groups, for both personal and corporate
use.
• SMS Channels (Google India Only)
– Launched September 2008, allows users to create and subscribe to channels over
SMS. Channels can be based on RSS feeds.
• Questions and Answers (Chinese / Russian/ Thai / Arabic Only)
– Community-driven knowledge market website. Launched on June 26, 2007 that
allows users to ask and answer questions posed by other users.

19. • YouTube
– Free video sharing Web site which lets users upload, view, and share video clips.
In October 2006, Google, Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the
company for $1.65 billion USD in Google's stock. The deal closed on 13
November 2006.

20. 5. Development
• App Engine
– A tool that allows developers to write and run web applications.
• Code
– Google's site for developers interested in Google-related development. The site
contains Open Source code and lists of their API services. Also provides project
hosting for any free and open source software.
• Mashup Editor
– Web Mash up creation with publishing facilities, as well as syntax highlighting
and debugging (Deprecated, since January 14, 2009).
• Open Social
– A set of common APIs for building social applications on many websites.
• Subscribed Links
– Allows developers to create custom search results that Google users can add to
their search pages.
• WebmasterTools (PreviouslyGoogle Sitemaps)
– Sitemap submission and analysis for the Sitemaps protocol. Renamed from
Google Sitemaps to cover broader features, including query statistics and
robots.txt analysis.
• Web Toolkit
– An open source Java software development framework that allows web
developers to create Ajax applications in Java.
• Google Chrome OS
– An Operating System utilizing the Linux kernel and a custom Window manager.

21. 6. Mapping
• City Tours
– An overlay to Maps that shows interesting tours within a city
• Maps
– Mapping service that indexes streets and displays satellite and street-level
imagery, providing driving directions and local business search.
• Map Maker
– Edit the map in more than a hundred countries and watch your edits go into
Google Maps. Become a citizen cartographer and help map your world.
• Building Maker
– Web Based building and editing tool to create 3D buildings for Google Earth.
• Mars
– Imagery of Mars using the Google Maps interface. Elevation, visible imagery and
infrared imagery can be shown. It was released on March 13, 2006, the
anniversary of the birth of astronomer Percival Lowell.
• Moon
– NASA imagery of the moon through the Google Maps interface. It was launched
on July 20, 2005, in honor of the first manned Moon landing on July 20, 1969.
• Ride Finder
– Taxi, limousine and shuttle search service, using real time position of vehicles in
14 US cities. Ride Finder uses the Google Maps interface and cooperates with any
car service that wishes to participate (discontinued as of October 2009).

22. 7. Search
• Aardvark
– Social search utility which allows people to ask and answer questions within their
social networks. It uses people's claimed expertise to match askers with good
answerers.
• Accessible Search
– Search engine for the blind and visually impaired. It prioritizes usable and
accessible web sites in the search results, so the user incurs minimal distractions
when browsing.
• Alerts
– E-mail notification service, which sends alerts based on chosen search terms,
whenever there are new results. Alerts include web results, Groups results news,
and video.
• Book Search(PreviouslyGoogle Print)
– Search engine for the full text of printed books. Google scans and stores in its
digital database. The content that is displayed depends on the arrangement with
the publishers, ranging from short extracts to entire books.
• Checkout
– Online payment processing service provided by Google aimed at simplifying the
process of paying for online purchases. Webmasters can choose to implement
Google Checkout as a form of payment.
• Code Search
– Search engine for programming code found on the Internet.
• Dictionary
– Once part of Google Translate, it is now a standalone service that allows
searching of words and phrases from over 22 languages.

23. • Directory
– Collection of links arranged into hierarchical subcategories. The links and their
categorization are from the Open Directory Project, but are sorted using Page
Rank.
• Directory(Google China)
– Navigation directory, specifically for Chinese users.
• Experimental Search
– Options for testing new interfaces whilst searching with Google, including
Timeline views and keyboard shortcuts.
• Finance
– Searchable US business news, opinion, and financial data. Features include
company-specific pages, blog search, interactive charts, executive’s information,
discussion groups and a portfolio.
• Language Tools
– Collection of linguistic applications, including one that allows users to translate
text or web pages from one language to another, and another that allows searching
in web pages located in a specific country or written in a specific language.
• Life Search(Google China)
– Search engine tailored towards everyday needs, such as train times, recipes and
housing.
• Movies
– A specialized search engine that obtains Film showing times near a user-entered
location as well as providing reviews of films compiled from several different
websites.

24. • Music (Google China)
– A site containing links to a large archive of Chinese pop music (principally Canto
pop and Mandopop), including audio streaming over Google's own player, legal
lyric downloads, and in most cases legal MP3 downloads. The archive is provided
by Top100.cn (i.e. this service does not search the whole Internet) and is only
available in mainland China. It is intended to rival the similar, but potentially
illegal service provided by Baidu.
• News
– Automated news compilation service and search engine for news. There are
versions of the aggregator for more than 20 languages. While the selection of
news stories is fully automated, the sites included are selected by human editors.
• News Archive Search
– Feature within Google News that allows users to browse articles from over 200
years ago.
• Product Search(Previously Fro ogle)
– Price engine that searches online stores, including auctions, for products.
• Scholar
– Search engine for the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing
formats and scholarly fields. Today, the index includes virtually all peer-reviewed
journals available online.
• SMS
– Mobile phone short message service offered by Google in several countries,
including the USA, Japan, Canada, India and China and formerly the UK,
Germany and Spain. It allows search queries to be sent as a text message. The
results are sent as a reply, with no premium charge for the service.
• Suggest
– Auto-completion in search results while typing to give popular searches.

25. 8. Google Hardware
• Google SearchAppliance
– Hardware device that can be hooked to corporate intranets for indexing/searching
of company files.
• Google Mini
– Reduced capacity and less expensive version of the Google Search Appliance.
• Nexus One
– Smartphone that runs the Android open source mobile operating system

26. 1.5 Google labs
 Aardvark
– Ask any question and Aardvark will discover the perfect person to answer in
minutes!
(Fig 1.5.1)
 FastFlip
– Blindingly fast overviews of headline pages of top newspapers.
– City Tours
(Fig 1.5.2)
– Suggests multi-day walking tours of major cities given a starting address. Let
Google find nearby points of interest for you or (new!) create your own tours
from your own and others' "My Maps".
 Chrome Experiments
(Fig 1.5.3)
– A showcase of cool experiments for both JavaScript and web browsers created by
designers around the world.

27.  Building Maker
– Build 3D models for Google Earth.
 BrowserSize
– See which important parts of your web page can't be seen by users without
scrolling.
 Similar Images
– Search for images using pictures rather than words. Similar images help you
narrow your search by finding images that are visually similar to an existing
result. (Updated with image-specific related searches!)
 Shopper
– Find product information quickly with your Android phone.
(Fig 1.5.4)
 Script Converter
– Converts text and web pages written in one script to its phonetic equivalent in
another script.
 People Hopper
– Want to see how distant your friend is from you or your other friends visually?
Try People Hopper!
 Image Swirl
– Google Image Swirl organizes image search results based on their visual and
semantic similarity and presents them in an intuitive exploratory interface.
 Google Video
– Search and browse videos from across the web.

28. (Fig 1.5.5)
 Google Goggles
– Google Goggles lets you search Google using pictures from your camera phones.
We take an image as input, and using several image recognition backbends
(object recognition, place matching, OCR, etc), we return relevant search results.
(Fig 1.5.6)
 Google Transliteration
– Use Google Transliteration to type phonetically using an English keyboard.
 Google Code Search
– Google Code helps you find function definitions and sample code by giving you
one place to search publicly accessible source code hosted on the Internet.
 Sputnik
– Runner for the Sputnik JavaScript conformance tests.
(Fig 1.5.7)
 Google Reader
– Use Google's web-based feed reader to keep track of your favorite web sites.

29. (Fig 1.5.8)
 Google Moderator
– Collaborative Q&A for group events. Google Moderator will help keep
discussions on track by allowing users to both suggest questions and vote on
others' questions.
 Google Docsand Spreadsheets
– Create, store and share documents and spreadsheets on the web.
 Google Desktop
– Find all your information, whether it's on the web or stored on your computer,
from one convenient location.
(Fig 1.5.9)

30. 1.6 SOME GOOGLE PARAMETERS
Some of the parameters which we think Google use to decide the position in search engine
results of particular keywords are as follow:
Let’s take an example of "best free antivirus"
1. Page rank (weight age can be 40%)
2. Meta tags (5%)
3. Keywords density (10%)
4. Title tags (10%)
5. Heading tags and other punctuation on pages (5%)
6. Quality content and new content (10%)
7. Domain age (5%)
8. Quality back links (15%)
This is some of the parameters which Google looks from a webpage to fit into there are more like
webpage should meet Google guidelines and should have sitemap with no dead links and many
many many other parameters.

31. 1.7 Future Inventions from Google
• The Google GoBot.
The Google GoBot is a little walking piece of hardware with an unprecedented level of
intelligence. Fifty-thousand beta versions have been produced in the year 2032, set loose on earth to crawl
our cities. A GoBot has just one mission in its electronic mind: uncover fresh information where ever it
may hide, whenever it may show. Details will be reported back to the Google headquarters in realtime.
• What went right: Google GoBots were designed to uncover secrets,and they were bound to legal
laws, too. Spying on dark alleys with their night vision lenses they helped report severalcrimes.
One rather important Las Vegas led drug syndicate had to give up its nationwide activities “due to
those pestering Google bots alerting the police.”
• What went wrong: Google GoBots had their own idea of human privacy. They started lurking in
people’s backyards and gardens, peeking through windows into their bathrooms, questioning
neighbors, and even handing out Google Candy to kids who revealimportant information on their
parents.
• Google Satellite.
In 2011, Google Inc acquires Satellite Empires’ network of floating eyes in outer space. Using
their image processing technology Google will take a snapshot of everything once a week; plus whenever
something moves, they record that too and update their servers. Now when you look to Google for
information on John M. from Denver, Colorado, not only will you get whatever’s available on the web –
you will also be able to get a crystal clear view on his roof and balcony.
• What went right: Google Satellite with its seamless zooming into four Exabyte raw image data
was a dream come true for city builders and architects alike. Never before would people have
such complete grasp of what the world looks like from above. From complete understanding
sprang completely new ideas.
• What went wrong: Thanks to the ever-preying set of Google Satellite eyes, older people were too
afraid to leave their homes to walk the streets of their neighborhood ever again.
• Google Image Spy.
Many big bosses around the world have a common problem: they don’t know how to monitor
their employee’s internet usage in meaningful ways. One of the biggest causes of delayed projects since
the invention of that world wide web (which will be completely lower-case by 2020) is a staff busy
looking at videos of dogs wearing clothes, tripping housewives, drunk teenagers jumping off the balcony
into trees, subservient Presidents, or scantily clad, mud wrestling ladies battling for no prize at all to the

32. soundtrack of “I will survive”. In the near future, Google Image Spy will try to solve this disturbance by
analyzing company web traffic and reporting dubious saucy & funny imagery straight to the CEO.
• What went right: Large software projects suddenly got finished in half the time. Global internet
traffic decreased by 40% and System Administrators didn’t need to remind co-workers to stop
sending large attachments.
• What went wrong: Some of the bosses were so busy looking at all the stuff Google Image Spy
dug up, they forget to lead the company and steered right into even bigger chaos.
• Google Ad Walls.
Inspired by a scene in Truffaut’s “Fahrenheit 451,” a Google engineer in 2028 creates Google Ad
Walls. Like a living poster on the wall, they display a variety of items to shop for. The spin here is that
Ad Walls listen to what people in the room are talking about, managing to display context-relevant
information only. If they hear a “Honey, where’s the toothpaste?” in the morning, they will instantly
display the fitting spot advertising toothpaste and talk the viewer into buying it.
• What went right: Lonely people realized they could talk to their walls to suppress boredom.
While not exactly intelligent, the algorithm always managed to stay on topic.
• What went wrong: Landlords installing Ad Walls could lower the rent because they’d get a
commission for items bought. The idea was this way everybody would benefit. However after the
first wave of suicide attempts caused by annoying, ever-talking Ad Walls, Google felt forced to
shut down the program.
• Google Bodyparts.
It all started with the Google Brain chip, a mix between a backup memory and brain search
engine. You’d plug it into your head and it would keep a record of your life, and also allow you to search
your brain for things you thought you forgot. Google didn’t stop there and introduced all sorts of body
extensions, like the Google Power arms. You could now ask yourself for directions, and your fingers
would point the way. The Google Power arms would later be replaced by the Google Navilegs, which
would completely take over your navigation.
• What went right: The extra brain storage meant you could focus on important things in life, such
as love, philosophy, or altruism. People in general started to be nicer to each other because with a
perfect memory, disputes were easily settled (no more “I remember it differently”). The Google
Babel fish add-on made sure understanding foreign languages was a breeze.
• What went wrong: In one word, Ads. Of course Google displayed ads, and in their goal to make
them as unobtrusive as possible, they only did so during rather inactive brain periods (aka sleep).
At night-time, people would dream of the latest products – during day, their subconscious was
convinced they’d need to track down and buy them. While highly effective,this scheme quickly
came under fire by the American Psychological Association and other groups. The scandalthat
finally ended Google Body parts, however, was when an underpaid programmer hacked the
Google Navilegs system and directed his boss towards outside the 9th floor window.

33. CONTENT 2
2.1 SEARCH ENGINE
SEARCH
Computing to examine a computer file, disk, database, or network for particular information.
ENGINE
Something that supplies the driving force or energy to a movement, system, or trend.
SEARCHENGINE
A computer program that searches for particular keywords and return a list of documents in
which they were found, especially a commercial service that scan documents on the internet

34. From a recent market research it has been proved that most of the popular websites and
successful websites owner get around 80% of traffic from organic search results.
But, the other 20% of non organic traffic is needed to build a good page rank in Google. As if for
now consider page rank as prestige of the website.
Also it should be noted that for particular keyword (the term used for searches) Google never
charges for organic search results. However, you can pay to get the sponsored listing for those
keywords.
“The ultimate Search Engine would understand exactly what you
mean and give back exactly what you want.” - LARRY PAGE

35. 2.2 Search engine market share
(Fig 2.2)

36. CONTENT 3
3.1 HOW DOES GOOGLE WORKS
 Google works on web spider now called a googlebot.
 The spider consists of crawler and indexer.
 Crawler crawls the WebPages on the internet and also saves the links mentioned on the
webpage and crawl them too. As crawler crawls a particular pages it gets indexed or
cached in the Google database by indexer.

37. Explanation in Steps
1. Google search engine use software called bots or spider to scour the web
(Fig 3.1.1)
2. These bots and spider find new websites and web pages by following links on the web page.

38. (Fig 3.1.2)
3. Once Google search engine find a web page, they "read" the text-based content and the search
engine stores this data into a huge library called an index.

39. (Fig 3.1.3)
4. When we search something on Google the search engine reaches into its gigantic index and
before displaying a list if web pages it uses its Algorithm to calculate which ones best match
your search query then it eventually presents you with search results that are related to your
query which leads you to the website you were looking for!
(Fig 3.1.4)

40. (Fig 3.1.5)

41. 3.2 HOW GOOGLE WORKS (PROCESS)
(Fig 3.2)

42. CONTENT 4
HOW GOOGLE EARNS
(Fig 4)
There are various possible ways through which Google generate its income.
The following are:
 Google Search Engine
 Gmail
 YouTube
 Orkut
 Google Ad sense
 Google Ad words
 Blogger
 Google Maps
 Google Earth
 Google News
 Google Analytics
 Android (operating system)

43. 4.1 Ad Words
It is the Google main source of revenue. Ad words basically deals with advertising. Reach
people when they are actively looking information about your products and services online, and
send targeted visitors directly to what you are offering. With Ad words it cost-per-click pricing.
It’s easy to control costs- and you only pay when people click on your ad
4.2 Ad Sense
It is basically use for web publishers. Earn more revenue from your website, while provide
visitors with a more rewarding online experience. Google Ad Sense automatically delivers text
and image ads that are precisely targeted to site and site content -ads so well-matched. In fact,
the readers will actually find them useful. And when you add Google web search to the site, ad
sense delivers targeted ads to the search result pages too. With ad sense you earn more ad
revenue with minimal efforts - and no additional cost.
4.3 Page Rank
Developed by Larry page and Sergey brin at the University of Stanford in 1997
Link analysis algorithm, measuring the relative importance of a website
"Page rank is a vote, by all the other web pages on the internet, about how important a web page
is. A link to a web page counts as a vote of support. If there are no incoming links to a web page
then there is no support."
Academic citation literature is applied to calculate page rank
PR(A)= (1-d) + d(PR(t1)/C(t1) + ... + PR(tn)/C(tn))
in this equation-
't1-tn' are pages linking to page A,
'c' is the number of outbund links that a page has and
'd' is a damping factor , usually set to 0.85.

44. 4.4 Sponsored Results
These are the results that appear on the right hand corner of our screens after we execute a search
on Google. Websites that appear on the Sponsored Results tab have an agreement with Google
where they pay Google for showing their website on searches for specific websites. For example,
if we are searching for a Samsung mobile phone, we see websites selling Samsung mobile
phones in the Sponsored links section. Google earns some money when we click on any of these
links. The question is how much money does Google earn from this? Google Ad words allow all
potential advertisers to put up their adverts, specifying the keywords. After assessing the advert,
Google will quote a price for your advert.
4.5 Google mobile search
this can be explain with the help of an example
A) search the web - at the supermarket and need to find the ingredients for Thai curry? just
query "Thai curry ingredients" on your phone's web browser to search through more than 8
billion pages for the recipe that will wow the taste buds.
B) search images - is that an oak tree or an ash tree ? search more than 2 billion images and get
the one you need on your phone with Google image search.
C) search the mobile web - access the mobile web which s made up of site that are specifically
designed to fit your phone screen.
4.6 Google Image search
Google also shows sponsored results for images under Sponsored Links above the rest of
the results. These are also a means to earn a lot of money for Google.
4.7 Gmail
When we sign in to our mail accounts on Gmail which is probably the most popular at
this point in time, we are shown sponsored links on our accounts. And these links are
always relevant to the keywords of the mails that we receive.

45. 4.8 Orkut
Google displays text and banner ads (Google Ad sense) on Orkut profiles and pages.
4.9 Android
Google makes money (and justifies giving away the OS) by licensing the Google Apps
that come on most Android phones (but not all). Apps like Gmail, the Android Market,
Google Search, and others come in something called GAPPS. The Market is really where
Google is interested. Sure, the other GAPPS add value to the phone (hence why carriers
license their inclusion on Android-powered phones), but Google is making money with
every app sold through the Market. Even free apps make Google money. Developers
have to pay to have an account to list their apps under. Even ad-sponsored apps are likely
using Google Mobile Ads, so Google’s getting revenue from that source as well.
4.10 YouTube
Google displays text and banner ads (Google Ad sense) on youtube videos and sidebar of
YouTube pages.

46. CONTENT 5
CURRENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT
"Google had another great quarter with revenues up 24% years on year," said
Larry Page, CEO of Google.
Cash – As of March 31, 2012, cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities were
$49.3 billion.
Headcount – On a worldwide basis, Google employed 33,077 full-time employees as of March
31, 2012, up from 32,467 full-time employees as of December 31, 2011.
Revenues – Google reported revenues of $10.65 billion in the first quarter of 2012, representing
a 24% increase over first quarter 2011 revenues of $8.58 billion.
Google Sites Revenues - Google-owned sites generated revenues of $7.31 billion, or 69% of
total revenues, in the first quarter of 2012. This represents a 24% increase over first quarter 2011
revenues of $5.88 billion.
Google Network Revenues - Google’s partner sites generated revenues of $2.91 billion, or 27%
of total revenues, in the first quarter of 2012. This represents a 20% increase from first quarter
2011 network revenues of $2.43 billion.

47. Operating Expenses - Operating expenses, other than cost of revenues, were $3.47 billion in the
first quarter of 2012, or 33% of revenues, compared to $3.34 billion in the first quarter of 2011,
or 39% of revenues.
Operating Income – GAAP operating income in the first quarter of 2012 was $3.39 billion, or
32% of revenues. This compares to GAAP operating income of $2.30 billion, or 27% of
revenues, in the first quarter of 2011. Non-GAAP operating income in the first quarter of 2012
was $3.94 billion, or 37% of revenues. This compares to non-GAAP operating income of $3.23
billion, or 38% of revenues, in the first quarter of 2011.
Net Income – GAAP net income in the first quarter of 2012 was $2.89 billion, compared to
$1.80 billion in the first quarter of 2011. Non-GAAP net income was $3.33 billion in the first
quarter of 2012, compared to $2.64 billion in the first quarter of 2011. GAAP EPS in the first
quarter of 2012 was $8.75 on 330 million diluted shares outstanding, compared to $5.51 in the
first quarter of 2011 on 326 million diluted shares outstanding. Non-GAAP EPS in the first
quarter of 2012 was $10.08, compared to $8.08 in the first quarter of 2011.

48. CONTENT 6
Google and Yahoo Search Engine Technology Comparison
A search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google, is an online tool that helps users of the World Wide
Web finds the sites and information they're looking for. The internet is a huge and overwhelming
place to look for things. Without search engines such as Yahoo and Google .it would be nearly
impossible to find exactly what you are looking for. This is the precise reason that Google has
continued to be a household name, they focus on saving your time and helping you find exactly
what it is you are looking for on the web with their advertisements being relevant to the search
topic. Yahoo more focuses on ad revenues and increasing page views.

49. These are the eight major differences what I have found till now.
1 Well Google is faster than Yahoo. Google index the site and articles faster than yahoo and
traffic more gather on Google.
2 Google updates very fast where as yahoo little bit slow.
3 Both search engines are good but in my opinion Google is best search engine because Google
provide always relevant results against query.
4 Google and yahoo both differ from each other and use its own algorithm. Google much
concern about off-page where as Yahoo much concern about one-page factors.
5 As what I know their difference is Yahoo algorithm doesn’t have page ranking feature while
Google has its own page ranking feature and most webmasters think meta description is quite
important in yahoo, but only little importance in Google. Tim Mayor from Yahoo says
6 According to united state serve in April 2008, Google acquired more than 62% search engine
market where as Yahoo 17.2%. It shows that there is very big difference in yahoo search market
and Google search market.
7 Google is simplistic whilst Yahoo is overcomplicated.
8 Google is famous for decentralization and redundancy whereas yahoo isn’t.

50. The difference is explained with the help of table –
Basis Google Yahoo
Nature Simple complicated
Relevant More relevant Less relevant
Search technology Similar to yahoo Similar to Google
ranking links Inbound links differently Inbound links differently
Redundancy Redundancy present Less redundancy
Update Update more frequently Update less frequently
Algorithm more concern about
off-page factors
Much concern about
on-page factors
Page rank Have own page ranking
features
Doesn’t have page ranking
features
(fig 6)
SUMMARY -
In conclusion, the technology behind both Yahoo and Google is very similar but yahoo and Google differ
in the rankings. It is quite obvious that Google, the most important search engine, is the hardest to
penetrate and achieve high positions for competitive keywords. Yahoo has recently changed its policy and
is now harder to manipulate and to its merit also holds the most accurate back link count. Yahoo is more
complicated and advertiser-focused.

51. Reference
Financial statement - reference:http://investor.google.com/earnings/2012/Q1_google_earnings.html