Ethics and professional concerns in nursing profession

1. NURSING AS A
PROFESSION
MR.PRASANTH.K
Nursing tutor
SNI

2. Professional Nursing Today
Legal Implications for Nursing
Practice
Healthcare Delivery System

3. What is a Nurse?

4. How are nurse’s portrayed in the
media?

5. What makes a nurse a
professional?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1-uMKg86Ck

6.  Extended education
 Theoretical body of knowledge
 Provides a specific service
 Autonomy in decision making and practice
 Code of ethics
Nursing as a Profession

7. Scope & Standards of Practice
 Standards of Practice
 Standards of Professional Performance
 Code of Ethics

8. ANA
Standards of Professional Performance
 Quality of practice
 Professional Practice Evaluation
 Education
 Collegiality
 Ethics
 Collaboration
 Research
 Resource Utilization
 Leadership

9. Professional Nursing Practice
 Nurse Practice Acts
 Licensure and Certification
 Science and Art of Nursing practice

10. Nursing Today
 Registered Nurse
 Licensed Practical Nurse
 Nurse Practitioner
 Clinical Nurse Specialist
 Nurse Midwife
 CRNA

11. Current Trends & Issues in Healthcare
 Nursing Shortage
 Patient Satisfaction
 Managed Care
 Transcultural Nursing
 National Patient Safety Initiatives
 Evidence-Based Practice
 Information Age
 Genetics
 Globalization of Health
 Aging Population
 Legal & Ethical Issues
 Terrorism/Bioterrorism/Disaster Nursing

12. Nursing Roles
 Caregiver
 Clinical Decision Maker
 Client Advocate
 Rehabilitator
 Comforter
 Communicator
 Collaborator
 Teacher

13. Professional Roles &
Responsibilities
 Autonomy & Accountability
 Caregiver
 Client Advocate
 Educator
 Manager/Clinical Decision Maker
 Communicator
 Collaborator
 Career Development

14. Autonomy & Accountability
 Autonomy is the essential element of
professional nursing
 Person is reasonably independent and self-
governing in decision making & practice
 Increased autonomy=Increased responsibility
 Accountability- nurse is responsible
professionally & legally for type & quality of care
provided
 Regulated through Standards of Practice and
Nurse Practice Act

15. Clinical Decision Maker
 Utilizes critical
thinking skills and
the nursing process
 Nursing Process:
Assessment,
Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation,
Evaluation

16. Client Advocate
 Nurse protects the clients human and legal
rights
 Providing information to assist in decision
making
 Patient Bill of Rights

17. Rehabilitator Role
 Assist client to
return to optimal
level of functioning
 Nurse helps client to
adapt physically and
emotionally to
changes in lifestyle,
body image

18. Comforter Role
 Caring for client as a
human being
 Role is traditional to
nursing
 Care is directed to
whole person, not
just a body part
 Demonstration of
care and concern

19. Communicator Role
 Role is central to all other roles
 Involves communication with client, family,
healthcare team members, resource
people, and the community
 Without clear, concise communication it will
be difficult to give effective care

20. Teacher/Educator Role
 Explains concepts and facts about health,
demonstrates procedures, reinforces
learning, determines understanding, and
evaluates progress of learning
 Unplanned or informal education
 Planned or formal education

21. Nursing Career Roles
 Clinician
 Nurse Educator
 Advanced Practice Nurse
 Nurse Administrator
 Nurse Researcher
 Military Nurse
 Forensic Nursing

22. Healthcare Team Members
 Nurses
 Physicians
 Physician Assistant
 Therapists and Technicians
 Pharmacist
 Nutritionist/Dietitian
 Case Manager/Social Worker
 Pastoral Care
 Nursing Assistant
 Unit Secretary
 Ancillary Staff

23. PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS

24. MEANING
ACCREDITATION: Official approval given by an
organization stating that organization (nursing college)
has achieved a required standard.
STANDARD: It is an established norm or requirement. It
usually establishes uniform criteria, methods , processes
and practices.

25. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL
The Indian nursing council is an autonomous body under
the government of India, ministry of Health and Family
welfare was constituted by the central government,
under section 3(1) of the Indian nursing council Act-1947
of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of
training for nurses, midwives and health visitors.

26. AIMS,OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF INC
 To establish and monitor a uniform standard of Nursing
education for nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse-
midwives and health visitors by doing inspection of
institution.
 To recognize the qualification under section 10(2) (4) of
the Indian nursing council act 1947 for the purpose of
registration and employment in India and abroad.
 To give approval for registration of Indian foreign nurses
possessing foreign qualification under section 11(2)(a) of
the Indian nursing council act 1947.

27. AIMS,OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF INC
(conti…)
 To prescribe the syllabus and registration
for nursing programmes.
 Power to withdraw the recognition of
qualification under section 14 of the act in
case the institution fails to maintain its
standards under section 14(1)(b) that an
institution recognized by state council for
the training of nurse, midwives or health
visitors does not satisfy the requirement of
the council.

28. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 PRESIDENT
VICE- PRESIDENT
SECRETORY
ASSIS.SECRETORY
OFFICE STAFF

29. COMMITIES
 EXECUTIVE COMMITE
 THE NURSING EDUCATION COMMITE
 EQUIVALENCE COMMITE

30. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT-
1947

31. STATE NURSING COUNCIL

32. FUNCTIONS
1.Regulation of training programme of the
diploma, Graduate and Post Graduate
Courses.
2. Supervision of the practice of the profession
by its Member.
3. Granting recognition to the training institutions
and periodical Inspection there on, as the
Council is governing authority of physical and
clinical facilities in almost all the nursing
courses conducted in the institution.

33. FUNCTIONS
 4. Proscribing syllabus and curriculum for
various nursing courses and conducting
qualifying examination there for.
5. Registration and granting certificate to
qualified persons to practice their
profession and to watch and take action
against practice of profession by quacks
and check mal-practice as well and to take
action.

34. ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
 PRESIDENT
 VICE-PRESIDENT
MEMBERS
ADMINISRATIVE STAFF

35. PROFESSIONAL
ASSOCIATIONS
 TRAINED NURESES ASSOCIATION OF
INDIA

36. Establishment and Formation
(TNAI)
 The Association had its beginning in the
Association of Nursing Superintendents
which was founded in 1905, at Lucknow.
The organisation was composed of nine
European Nurses holding administrative
posts in hospitals.

37. There was a need to develop Nursing as a
profession and also to provide a forum where
professional Nurses could meet and plan to
achieve these ends.
The movement gathered momentum and soon
Nurses, other than Nursing Superintendents,
were seeking to share in:
 upholding in every way the dignity and honour
of the Nursing profession;
 promoting a sense of esprit de corps among all
Nurses; and
 enabling members to take counsel together on
matters relating to their profession.

38. THE STUDENT NURSES
ASSOCIATION
PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS
 To help students nurses learn how the
professional organizations serve
 To promote a close rapport
 To furnish student nurses advice in their
coures of study leading up to professional
qualifications
 To encourage leadership ability

39. Cont,,,
 To increase the student nurses social
contacts and general knowledge
 To encourage both professional and
recreational meeting games and sports
 To provide a special section in the nursing
journal of india for the benefit of students
 To encourage students to compete for prizes
in the student nurses exihibition and to
attend national and conferences

40. Cont,,,
 To help student nurses develop a co
operative spirit with other student nurses
which will help them in future professional
relationships
 To provide a means of having a voice in
what the association stands for the does

41. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL
FOR NURSES (I C N)
 OBJECTIVES:
 1. Promote-development strong national
nurses associations.
2. Assist national
nurses association- improve the standards
of nursing, competence of nurses.
3. Assist
national nurses associations improve the

42. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL
FOR NURSES (I C N)
 ACTIVITIES:
 1. Makes policy statements - health and
social issues.
2. Offers -
variety of seminars
3.
Maintaining and improving the status of
Nursing around the world

43. THE COMMONWEALTH
NURSES FEDERATION
 AIMS:
 1. Promote sharing, better communications
closer relationships- member associations.
2. Expert professional
advice.
3. Scholarships-advanced
study.

44. LEGAL AND ETHICAL
ISSUES IN NURSING

45. LAW

46. REASON FOR LAW SUITS
 Need to blame
 Expectation of perfection
 Lack of personalism
 Well educated public
 Nurses are more responsible and
accountable
 Increased independence
 Autonomy

47. LEGAL ISSUES

48. ETHICS

49. Introduction:-Introduction:-
 Ethics is the science relating to moral actions
and one’s value systems.
 In a professional practice like nursing, Ethical
decisions is the part of the daily nursing care.
 Nursing code of ethics provides the guidelines
for safe and compassionate care.

50. Definition:-
“Ethics is the study of the good
conduct, character and good
motives. It will also determine what is
good and valuable for nursing”.

51. Code of ethics: -
 An international code of ethics for nurses was
first adopted by the International Council of
Nurses (I C N) in 1953.
 Reaffirmed at various times since, most
recently with this review and revision
completed in 2005
 In India, nurses are following the International
Council of Nurses Codes for Nurses 1993.

52. I C N code of Ethics:-I C N code of Ethics:-

53. I C N CODE: -
 The I C N Code of Ethics for Nurses has
four principal elements
 1) Nurses and people,
 2) Nurses and practice,
 3) Nurses and the profession,
 4) Nurses and co-workers.

54. VERACITY
 Veracity refers to telling the truth
 It requires the health care provider to tell
the truth & not intentionally deceive or
mislead clients

55. FIDELITY
 Fidelity is the duty to keep promises .
 It is the individual’s obligation to keep the
commitments he/she has made.
 It is the strict observance of promises or duties.
 It is the faithfulness to agreements and
responsibilities one has undertaken

56. CONFIDENTIALITY
 It means that information entrusted to professionals
in the line of duty should not be revealed to others.
 Share private information on a ‘need to know basis’
 In the course of caring for a patient, nurses get to
know many things about that person.
 The patient must feel that he or she and the nurse
are in a relationship of trust and confidence for such
information to be shared
 “Elevator talk” is the most common spoken breach of
confidentiality.

57. JUSTICE
 It is the professional obligation to provide
fair, equitable and appropriate treatment to
all individuals regardless of their sex, race,
social class or religion.
 It includes
 Not favouring some individuals/groups over
others
 Acting in a non–discriminatory / non-
prejudicial way
 Respect for peoples rights
 Respect for the law

58. PURPOSE OF ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
 To establish common ground between
nurse, patient, family, other health care
professionals, and society
 To discuss ethical questions and make
ethical decisions
 To permit people to take a consistent
position on specific or related Issues
 To provide an analytical framework by
which moral problems can be evaluated

59. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -

60. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -

61. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-

62. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-

63. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -

64. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -
 Rights:-

65. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -
 Rights:-
 Fidelity: -

66. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -
 Rights:-
 Fidelity: -
 Confidentiality: -

67. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -
 Rights:-
 Fidelity: -
 Confidentiality: -
 Veracity: -

68. Ethical Principles:- Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -
 Rights:-
 Fidelity: -
 Confidentiality: -
 Veracity: -

69. Ethical Principles:-
 Respect for persons: -
 Autonomy: -
 Freedom:-
 Beneficence:-
 Justice: -
 Rights:-
 Fidelity: -
 Confidentiality: -
 Veracity: -
 Nonmaleficence:-

70. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
 Ethical principles are rules ,standards or
guidelines for action that are derived from
theoretical propositions about what is good for
humans
PURPOSES
 Establishes standards for the behavior of nurses
 Provides a general guidelines for nursing actions
in ethical dilemmas.
 Helps to distinguish between right and wrong at a
given time.
 Enables to take correct and uniform decision
within groups.
 Helps to protect the rights of individuals
,families ,community and the nurses

71. 1. Ann.J.Zwemier,
Professional Adjustments and Ethics for Nurses in India,
Page no: 232-254.
2. Zerwekh C Laborn,
Nursing Today,Transition and Trends,
Lippincott Publishers,
Page no: 262-267,401-424.
3. Patricia,
Leadership and Management,
Elsevier Publishers,
Page no: 475-476,80,183,376.
4. Lancastar,
Nursing issues in leading and managing change,
Page no: 305-312.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

72. 5. Professional Nursing,Concepts and Challenges,
Fifth edition,
Page no: 393-419.
6. Advanced Nursing Practice,an integrative approach,
Fourth edition,
Page no: 267-268.
JOURNAL:
7. Article “Nursing and their professional organisations”
AJN American Journal of Nursing,
April 1946 - Volume 46 - Issue 4 - pages 229-232.

73. WEBSITES:
7. Topic Professional Organisations and
Regulatory Bodies at
www.contemporarynurse.com
8. Topic The Current State of Nursing
Empowerment Related to Nursing Care
www.medscape.com