This presentation was given to National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapally (NITT) during Version'16 which is an all India MCA meet. The theme of the meet was Ambient Intelligence which was termed as WITURA by organizing team. (There is not any copyright violation intended in this slide and purely intended for educational purpose. )

1. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) perspective from
Internet-of-Things (IoT) insight: Connected vehicle and
smart city
By
Prasan Dutt
@duttprasan

2. Ambient Intelligence
''Just when the world was being seduced by virtual reality, Mark had this
idea of embodied physicality,''
- John Seeley Brown, PARC's director and a Xerox vice president
- Silent Intelligence
- Ubiquitous computing
- Pervasive computing
- Physicality
- Internet-of-Things

3. Internet & IoT
Internet gave us the opportunity to connect ways that could never
had dreamed possible. It will take us beyond technological
connections to be a part of living, moving and global nervous
system.
e.g: Car2Go

4. IoT Insight
“IoT is a concept (not technology) of getting problems solved at pre
level. Rather than thinking at past, it is about looking from third eye.”

5. Communication and Co-operation
GSM/UMTS
Thing
Wi-Fi
Thing
RFID
Thing
Zigbee
Thing
6LowPAN
Thing
Common
Interface/
Arduino/
Raspberry-Pi

6. Addressability
Common Interface
Thing
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Thing
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Thing
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Thing
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Thing
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Thing
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Thing
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7. Identification
NFC
Thing
BarCode
Thing
RFID
Thing
Zigbee
Thing
6LowPAN
Thing
Cluster
Object
Identification

8. Sensing

9. Actuation
Rx
Processing
Unit

10. Embedded Information Processing
Smart
Object
Data
Database
M
E
M
O
R
Y
Smart
Object
Data M
E
M
O
R
Y
Smart
Object
DataM
E
M
O
R
Y
Smart
Object
DataM
E
M
O
R
Y

11. Localization
Global Access
Smart Object
GPS
Smart
Object
Radio
Beacon
Database
Center
for Location
Information
of Smart
Objects

12. User Interface (UI)

13. Sensors and Actuators
IoT
Device
IoT
Device
IoT
Device
IoT
Gateway
Communication
Data
Handling
Data
Handling
Data
Handling
Device
Management
System
REST Service – Data streaming
Rules
Engine
No
SQL
Analytics &
Visualization
Call
Push
SMS
Email
RDBMS
GPRS WiFi CoAP MQTT
Http over
REST
BLEZigBeeRFZ-Wave
Process Automation
Resource mgmt
Communications
Process Automation
Resource mgmt
Communications
Process Automation
Resource mgmt
Communications
IoTArchitecture

14. Collect sensor
information
Preprocess it Send to Cloud
Receive user
input
Process with
ambient info
Trigger Actuator
Communication Flow

15. IoT Hardware Platform
Arduino
Raspberry Pi 3
Linkit One
Types
• Microcontrollers
• Microprocessors
• SoCs
Chip vendors
• NXP
• Atmel
• TI
• Intel
Cores
• ARM
• AVR
• 8085
• 8051
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
System-on-chip (SoC)

16. Communication protocols
OSI Model
TCP/IP
FTP,
Telnet,
HTTP,
SNMP,
DNS,
OSPF,
RIP,
Ping,
Traceroute
TCP (delivery
guaranteed)
UDP (Delivery
not guaranteed)
IP
(ICMP, IGMP,
ARP, RARP)
RF
Node to Gateway
• Zigbee
• BT
• BLE
• Wi-Fi
• Zwave
• Google thread
• Insteon
• Dash7
Typical bands
• 433 MHz
• 868 MHz
• 2.4 GHz
Cloud
Gateway to server
• Http
• Https
• MQTT
• CoAP
• 6LoWPAN
• TCP/IP
• UDP

17. Web Services
Way of communication that allows interoperability between different
applications on different platforms
Examples
 A java based application on windows cab communicate with .net
based one on Linux
 Google maps
 Twitter
 Hotels and airline bookings
 AWS
REST design principles
• Use HTTP methods explicitly
• Be stateless
• Expose directory structure
• Transfer XML, JavaScript Object
Notation (JSON), or both

18. MQTT
Message Queue Telemetry Transport
Problem
IoT early implementers understood that it is impractical in many situations to have devices talking to each
other directly by initiating peer-to-peer communication. Further problems such as:
• Authentication across multiple protocols
• Retry attempts and subsequent handing of unreachable devices
• Complex encryption methods causing difficulty in optimizing efficiency
Solution
Use of a intermediary broker – MQTT, which is having following features:
• Space decoupling: Publisher and subscriber do not need to know each other (no ip address, port number)
• Time decoupling: Publisher and subscriber do not need to run at the same time
• Synchronization decoupling: Operations on both components are not halted during publish or receive

19. IoT Cloud
• In 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a MIT speech that computer can be sold
like a utility, just like water and electricity
• In 1999, salesforce.com started delivery of applications to users using a simple
website and delivered to enterprise over internet
• In 2002, Amazon started AWS
• In 2009, Google started Cloud computing enterprise application
• In 2009, microsoft launched windows Azure
What is cloud computing?
• Manipulation, configuration
and accessing application online
• Offers online storage ( SaaS),
infrastructure (IaaS) and
application (PaaS)
example- Dropbox, Google drive

20. Big Data
Structured (SQL) and unstructured data
(NoSQL)
How to handle a combination of both,
blurping at real time (twitter, facebook,
smart bin) with terabytes of information?
NoSQL
• Key value- Redis, Amazon sampleDB
• Column- Cassendra, Hbase
• Document- CouchDB, MongoDB
• Graph- Neo4j, Infograph
Traditional methods Big data
More power More machines
Summarize data Keep all data
Transform and store Transform on demand
Pre-defined schema Flexible/ no schema
Less data/more complex algorithm More data/ simple algorithm

22. Visual analytics
Why? What?
• Science of analytical reasoning facilitated by visual interactive interfaces
• Integration of new computational theory and innovative interaction techniques
• Design based on human cognitive
Wealth and health of nations

23. IoT Security
Why difficult?
• Wireless communication
• Physicsl insecurity
• Constrained devices
• Lack of standards
• Classic web/ internet threats
• The physical device
1. Can be stolen
2. Can be modified
3. Can be replaced
4. Can be cloned

24. References
1. https://developer.mbed.org/users/4180_1/notebook/relays1/
2. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/01/business/mark-weiser-a-leading-computer-
visionary-dies-at-46.html
3. http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/pervasive-computing-
ubiquitous-computing
4. https://www.car2go.com/US/en/
5. http://www.itproportal.com/2013/03/07/nec-m2m-sensors-and-data-are-centre-smart-
cities/
6. http://www.9lessons.info/2012/05/create-restful-services-api-in-php.html
7. http://www.hivemq.com/blog/how-to-get-started-with-mqtt
8. https://uxmag.com/articles/whats-different-about-user-experience-design-for-the-
internet-of-things
9. http://vmokshagroup.com/blog/a-journey-from-smart-devices-to-smart-world/
10. http://www.azquotes.com/quote/642946