hi this slide may help nursing faculties

1. Bio Medical Waste Management
Mr.Ramprasad.S
Asst.Professor
Dept.Neurosciences Nursing

2. TERMINOLOGIES

3.  Hospital waste:-Hospital waste refers to all
waste, biologic or non biologic that is discarded
and not intended for further use.
 Medical waste:-Medical waste is a subset of
hospital waste; it refers to the material
generated as a result of diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of patients and associated
biomedical research.

4.  Biomedical waste (BMW):- Biomedical waste
is generated in hospitals, research institutions,
health care teaching institutes, clinics,
laboratories, blood banks, animal houses and
veterinary institutes. Waste generated in the
diagnosis, treatment and immunization of
human beings or animals, in research or in the
production and testing of biological products.

5. DEFINITION
Waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment
and immunization of human beings or
animals, in research or in the production and
testing of biological products.

6. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOSPITAL
WASTE

8.  Non-hazardous waste
This constitutes about 85% of the waste
generated in most healthcare set-ups. This
includes waste comprising of food remnants,
fruit peels, wash water, paper cartons,
packaging material etc.

9.  Hazardous waste
A) Potentially infectious waste
These include infectious, infective, medical,
biomedical, hazardous, red bag,
contaminated, medical infectious, regulated
and regulated medical waste.

10.  Dressings and swabs contaminated with
blood, pus and body fluids.
 Laboratory waste including laboratory
culture stocks of infectious agents
 Potentially infected material: Excised tumors
and organs, placenta removed during
surgery, extracted teeth etc.

11.  Potentially infected animals used in
diagnostic and research studies.
 Sharps, which include needle, syringes,
blades etc.
 Blood and blood products.
B)Potentially toxic waste
 Radioactive waste: It includes waste
contaminated with radionuclide; it may be
solid, liquid or gaseous waste.

12.  Chemical waste: It includes disinfectants
(hypochlorite, gluteraldehyde, iodophors,
phenolic derivatives and alcohol based
preparations), X-ray processing solutions,
monomers and associated reagents, base
metal debris (dental amalgam in extracted
teeth).
 Pharmaceutical waste: It includes
anesthetics, sedatives, antibiotics,
analgesics etc.

13. General classifications

14. (1) General waste
(2) Pathological waste
(3) Infectious waste
(4) Sharps
(5) Pharmaceutical waste
(6) Chemical waste
(7) Radioactive waste

15. CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE

16. Option Waste Category
Cat 1
Human anatomical waste (human
tissues, organs, body parts)
Cat 2
Animal waste animal tissues,
organs, body parts carcasses,
bleeding parts, fluid, blood and
experimental animals used in
research, waste generated by
veterinary hospitals/ colleges,
discharge from hospitals, animal
houses)

17. Option Waste Category
Cat 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology waste
(wastes from laboratory cultures,
stocks or specimens of micro-
organisms live or attenuated vaccines,
human and animal cell culture used
in research and infectious agents from
research and industrial laboratories,
wastes from production of biological,
toxins, dishes and devices used for
transfer of cultures)

18. Cat 4
Waste Sharps (needles, syringes, scalpels
blades, glass etc. that may cause puncture
and cuts. This includes both used &
unused sharps)
Cat 5
Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs
(wastes comprising of outdated,
contaminated and discarded medicines)
Cat 6
Solid Waste (Items contaminated with
blood and body fluids including cotton,
dressings, soiled plaster casts, line
beddings, other material contaminated
with blood)

19. Cat 7
Solid Waste (waste generated from
disposable items other than the waste
sharps such as tubing, catheters,
intravenous sets etc.)
Cat 8
Liquid Waste (waste generated from
laboratory & washing, cleaning , house-
keeping and disinfecting activities)
Cat 9
Incineration Ash (ash from incineration of
any bio-medical waste)
Cat 10
Chemical Waste (chemicals used in
production of biological, chemicals, used in
disinfect ion, as insecticides, etc)

20. COLOR CODING & TYPE OF
CONTAINER

21. Colour
Coding
Type of
Containers
Category Treatment Options
as per Schedule 1
Yellow Plastic bag 1,2,3,6 Incineration/deep burial
Red
Disinfected
Container/
Plastic bag
3,6,7 Autoclaving/Microwaving
/Chemical Treatment
Blue/
White
transluc
ent
Plastic
bag/puncture
proof
container
4,7 Autoclaving/Microwaving
/ chemical treatment and
destruction/shredding
Black Plastic bag 5,9,10
(Solid)
Disposal in secured
landfill

24. Waste
Management

25. Why waste has to
be treated?

27. Potential Health risks of BMW
 -AIDS
 -Hepatitis B&C
 -Gastro-enteric Infections
 -Respiratory Infections
 -Blood Stream infections
 -Skin infections
 -Effects of radioactive substances
 -Intoxication

28. STEPS IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT

29. SURVEY
SEGREGATI
ON
STORAGE
TRANSPORTA
TION
TREATMEN
T
DISPOSAL
MINIMIZA
TION

30. 1. Waste Survey
The survey should differentiate and
quantify the waste generated. It should
determine the points of generation, the
type of waste at each point and the level
of generation and disinfection within the
hospital. This helps to determine the
method of disposal.

31. 2. Waste segregation
It helps to reduce the bulk of infectious
waste as well as treatment costs.
Segregation also helps to contain the
spread of infection and reduces the
chances of infecting other health care
workers. Is treated any offsite holding of
waste is also considered storage

32. 3. Waste accumulation and storage
Waste accumulation and storage occurs
between the point of waste generation and
site of waste treatment and disposal. While
accumulation refers to the temporary
holding of small Quantities of waste near the
point of generation, storage of waste are
characterized by longer holding periods and
large waste quantity.

33. 4. Waste transportation
When medical waste is not treated on site,
untreated waste must be transported from
the generation facility to another site for
treatment and disposal.
5. Waste Treatment
Scalpel blades/ Lancet/ Broken glass should
be put in separate containers with bleach,
transferred to plastic/ cardboard boxes;
sealed to prevent spillage and transported to
incubators

34.  Glassware should be disinfected, cleaned and
sterilized
 Culture plates with viable culture should be
autoclaved; media are placed in appropriate
bags and disposed off. The plates can be
reused after sterilization
 Gloves should be shredded / cut / mutilated
before disposal.

35.  Swabs should be chemically disinfected
followed by incineration. If they contain only a
small amount of blood that does not drip, they
can be placed in the garbage.
 Disposable items are often recycled and have
the risk of being used illegally. Dipping in
freshly prepared 1% sodium hypochlorite for
30 min. - one hour, followed by mutilation
before disposal should be the policy adopted
for such items.

36. Under no circumstances, should heat be
used for disposal of amalgam. The heat will
cause mercury to volatize and be released to
the environment.
 Liquid waste generated by the laboratory is
either pathological or chemical in nature.
Non-infectious waste should be neutralized
with reagents.
 Liquid infectious waste should be treated
with a chemical disinfectant for
contamination and then neutralized.

37. Do’s and Don'ts of waste disposal

43. Do’s of waste management
◦ segregate infectious sharp
◦ collect in a blue/white transparent color coded
container
◦ Do decontaminate all sharp and plastic waste
◦ Do use shredder
◦ Do use recyclable/reusable
◦ Do immunize all health care professionals/
◦ Do create awareness
◦ Do monitor the waste management activities.

44. DONT’S OF SHARP WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Don’t recap the needle
 Don’t disconnect the needle from syringe by
hand
 Don’t mix the infectious and non infectious
wastes
 Don’t sharps in the trash/non puncture proof
containers.
 Don’t use open buckets for infectious
waste/sharps

45. PREVENT TRANSMISSION
OF
INFECTIOUS AGENTS

46.  Administrative measures
 Education of HC workers, patients and
families
 Hand Hygiene
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Safe Work Practices
 Patient Placement

47.  Transport of Patients
 Environmental measures
 Patient Care Equipment
 Textiles and Laundry
 Dishware and eating utensils
 Adjunctive measures

48. Personal Protective
Equipment

54. Method of waste disposal