Introduction to Metal and Non-metal with their physical and chemical properties

1. Metals and Non-metals
Dr. Pranabjyoti Das

2. WHAT ARE METALS….
A metal (Greek métallon) is a material that, when
freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a
lustrous appearance and conducts electricity and heat
relatively well.
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3. NON-METALS
Non-metals are natural materials that do
not conduct heat or electricity and are
structurally brittle so they can not be
easily rolled, molded or pressed.
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4. ELEMENTS ARE OF THREE TYPES…
• Metals
• Non-metals
• Metalloids
Metalloids possess both the properties of
metals as well as non-metals. Eg: Silicon,
Germanium, Antimony, etc.
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5. PROPERTIES OF METALS
A physical property is any property that is measurable,
whose value describes a state of a physical system.
The typical physical properties of metals are :
1. High melting points
2. Good conductors of electricity
3. Good conductors of heat
4. High density
5. Malleable
6. Ductile
7. Sonorous
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6. Metals - Physical properties
1. Solids: Metals are solid at room temperature.
(Exceptions: Mercury and gallium are in liquid state at room temperature)
2. Lustre: Metals shine in their pure state or when
polished they give a highly reflective surface
3. Malleability: Metals Ccn be made into thin sheets
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7. 4. Ductility: Metals can be drawn into thin wires. Gold &
silver are the most ductile metals. One gram of gold
can be drawn into a wire of 2 km length
5. Conduction of heat: Metals are good conductors of
heat and have high melting points. Silver and copper
are the best conductors of heat while Lead and
mercury are the poorest conductors of heat
6. Conduction of electricity: Metals are good
conductors of electricity. Electric wires are made of Cu
having an outer insulation of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
METALS : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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8. 7. Hardness: Metals are hard but it differs from
metal to metal. Alkali metals like Sodium and
Potassium are soft. They can be cut easily with a
knife
8. Melting point and Boiling point of metals are
high.Tungsten and Wolfram have highest melting
points while sodium and potassium have lowest
melting points
9. Sonorous: Metals can produce metallic
sound on striking. For example, School bells
METALS : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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9. Non-Metals
The non-metals are the elements that have
typically have low melting and boiling points, bad
conductors of heat and electricity and tend to
have high ionization energies and electro-negativie
values. They also don't have the shiny "metallic"
appearance associated with the metals.
Non-metals have some physical
properties…
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10. The typical physical properties of non-metals are :
1. Low melting points
2. Poor conductors of electricity
3. Poor conductors of heat
4. Low density
5. Non-malleable
6. non-ductile
7. Non-sonorous
Physical Properties
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11. Physical properties
1. Non-metals exist either in solid or in gaseous state.
Exception: Bromine is a liquid non-metal.
2. Non-metals do not have luster. Exception: Iodine.
3. Non-metals are soft and usually have low density.
Exception: Carbon in the form of diamond is the
hardest substance known which also has a high
melting and boiling point.
4. Non-metals are bad conductors of electricity.
Exception : Graphite (allotrope of carbon)
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12. Thus we have seen that there are some physical
differences between Metal and Non-metal. On the
other hand, there are exceptions in each of the
physical properties of metals.
Yet, on the basis of physical properties the
differences between Metal and Non-metal are
given below :
Difference between Metal & Non-metal
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14. Since there are exceptions in each of the
physical properties of Metal and Non-metal, it
is difficult to differentiate Metals from the Non-
metals
So, elements can be classified more clearly as
Metals and Non-metals on the basis of their
chemical properties only.
Chemical Properties of Metals & Non-
metals
(Next Class)
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15. Thank
You
Dr. Pranabjyoti Das
Arunodoi Junior College
Tangla
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