1. ENERGY FOR INDIA & IT’S VILLAGES : MYTHS, REALITIES & POSSIBILITIES WHY HAVE TO LOOK BEYOND & AWAY FROM COAL & NUCLEAR, OIL TO DISTRIBUTED, COMMUNITY CONTROLLED RENEWABLE ENERGIES --SOUMYA DUTTA SEPT. 19/20, WASHINGOTN DC

2. HOW MUCH DO WE GET -- FROM WHAT INDIA WORLD SOUMYA DUTTA TOTAL COMML ENRGY IT’S FOSSIL-CARBONS THAT DOMINATES ~90% fossil-carbon >80% fossil-carbon

3. ONE MAJOR CONSEQUENCE OF OUR ENERGY CHOICES AS WE ALL KNOW, THIS IS CAUSING WORLD-WIDE DEVASTATIONS SOUMYA DUTTA GLOBAL C-ENERGY USE AND ATMOSPHERIC CO2 BUILD-UP

4. WHY FOSSIL-CARBONS CANNOT ANY MORE REMAIN OUR PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES TODAY, THEY ARE THE PRIMARY SOURCE (~80%) SCIENCE -> THE ‘SAFE ATMOSPHERIC LIMIT’ OF CO2 IS <350 ppmv, IF WE CONTINUE TO BURN FOSSIL-CARBONS? REACH >800 ppmv ? WHAT HAPPENS TO LIFE ? ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS ‘ONLY’ ~780 GT SOUMYA DUTTA

6. PETROLEUM – INDIA & THE WORLD INDIA PETROLEUM – PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION WORLD PETROLEUM – PRODUCTION SOUMYA DUTTA 2.7 Mn BARRELS/DAY (~3%) -vs- 85+ Mn BARELS/DAY 1.2 BILLION PEOPLE (~17%) ~ 7 BILLION PEOPLE

7. NATURAL GAS – INDIA & THE WORLD SOUMYA DUTTA PRODUCTION-CONSUMPTION OF NATURAL GAS STARTED PEAKING UP IN 2000’s

9. ELECTRICITY GENERATION : 1990-2006 WITH ~17% OF WORLD POPULATION, INDIA GENERATES < 4% OF ITS TOTAL ELECTRICITY - AND MOST OF IT FROM COAL, LARGE HYDRO, GAS. INDIA WORLD SOUMYA DUTTA

13. THE MAJOR ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA & THE POLLUTING POWER PLANTS THAT CONVERT THIS ENERGY TO ELECTRICITY SOUMYA DUTTA BOTH POLLUTING COAL-PLANTS & DANGEROUS NUCLEAR PLANTS ARE LOCATED CLOSE TO HIGH POPULATION DENSITY AREAS.

15. ENERGY & MINERAL SOURCES / PLANT LOCATIONS & WHO GETS ‘POWER’ FROM THESE SOUMYA DUTTA PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRIFIED RURAL HOUSE-HOLDS -> DARK RED <10%, DARK GREEN > 85% (‘SHIFTING GOALPOST) TPPs ARE BLACK-DOTs, COAL-FIELDS – BLUE DROPs , HYDEL PLANTS -BLUE SQRS , CONCENTRATIONS MATCH - IN REVERSE !! OPERATION POWER-HUNT ?

16. THERMAL POWER-PLANTS ALSO CONSUME AND POLLUTE HUGE AMOUNTS OF WATER ~ 85% OF ALL WATER CONSUMPTION FROM MAJOR INDUSTRIES  BY TPPs (ALSO SPMs). SOUMYA DUTTA THIS AFFECTS AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOODS & FOOD SECURITY Of wastes and wants: Water use in India Industrial Sector Annual wastewater water discharge (million cubic meters) (%) Annual consumption (million cubic meters) Proportion of water consumed in industry Thermal power plants 27000.9 35157.4 87.87 Engineering 1551.3 2019.9 5.05 Pulp and paper 695.7 905.8 2.26 Textiles 637.3 829.8 2.07 Steel 396.8 516.6 1.29 Sugar 149.7 194.9 0.49 Fertiliser 56.4 73.5 0.18 Others 241.3 314.2 0.78 Total 30729.2 40012.0 100.0 Note: For methodology see www.downtoearth.org.in Source: Estimated by CSE based on the wastewater discharged data published by CPCB in &quot;Water quality in India (Status and trends) 1990 - 2001&quot;.

17. COUNTRIES IN ASIA & AFRICA FACE WATER-STRESS DUE TO POWER/ENERGY PLANTS, INDUSTRIES, MINING WHILE WORLD FOOD DEMAND INCREASES FAST FOOD AS ENERGY IS THE MOST BASIC NEED – MUST GET PRECEDENCE OVER ALL OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY USE. BUT WATER DEPLETION & CONTAMINATION IS PLAYING HAVOC WITH THE FOOD-SECURITY (CONNECTED WITH WATER-SECURITY) OF THE POOR. SO, WE WILL HAVE TO CUT OUR LUXURY ENERGY CONSUMPTION. SOUMYA DUTTA WORLD FOOD DEMAND 1500-2050

18. NOT ONLY TPPs, NOT ONLY ON WATER  MAD ECNMC GROWTH IS CLAIMING ITS TOLL EVERYWHERE

19. WHAT ABOUT ENV. KUZNET’S CURVE ? ‘ ECONOMIC GROWTH’ – POLLUTION RELATION CHANGE IN GDP AND EMISSIONS 2002-2006 SOUMYA DUTTA NOT ONE COUNTRY TO ACHIEVE HIGH ‘GROWTH’ W/O HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION & EMISSIONS !!

20. ANOTHER PICTURE OF HUGE DISPARITIES THAT HAVE CHANGED LITTLE IN DECADES 43% - NO ELECTRICITY, 33% - LESS THAN 50 KwH/Month, 11% - 50-100 KwH/M, 13% ->100 KwH/M; (PRAYAS) ELECTRICITY SOUMYA DUTTA HUGE DISPARITIES BETWEEN STATES & BETWEEN URBAN & RURAL – IN ELECTR. CONSUMPTION -> RICH-POOR DIVIDE. (‘SHIFTING GOALPOSTS’)

21. WEST, SOUTH & LARGE PARTS OF CENTRAL INDIA – HIGH SOLAR POTENTIAL, NORTH/NE – SMALL HYDRO LARGE PARTS – 25-30 MW/SQ KM CONSIDER THOR DESERT – OVER 50,000 SQ KMs THINLY POPULATED 45,000 MW POTENTIAL – EVEN WITH LIMITED TECH CHOICE & INCOMPLETE WIND MAPPING SOUMYA DUTTA