IPQC test for antiperspirants for mpharm second sem

1. SEMINAR ON FORMULATION &
EVALUATION OF
Antiperspirant
Presented to
Dr. C. Shreedhar
Dept of Pharmaceutical Analysis Karnataka college of Pharmacy
Bangalore
Presented By
Prakash Gupta
I.M.Pharm
Pharmaceutical analysis

2. ANTIPERSPIRANTS
An antiperspirants are preparations used for reducing perspiration, usually
containing aluminium or zirconium salts and used to prevent body odour
and clothing stains .
• They are readily available on the market as sprays
(aerosols),sticks,creams,roll –ons.
• Antiperspirants are different from that of deodrants, Antiperspirants
controls both sweat and body odour but deodrants prevent only body
odour(do not control flow of sweat).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

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4. • When an antiperspirant is applied to the skin surface ,its antiperspirant
ingredients-usually aluminium salts-dissolve in the sweat or moisture on the
skin surface of the armpit.
• The dissolved substances forms a gel, which creates a small temporary plug
near the top of the sweat glands, significantly reducing the amount of sweat
that is secreted to the skin surface.
• Bathing and washing will remove the antiperspirant gel. Reapplication of
antiperspirant can be beneficial to help reduce sweating and keeps fresh
throughout the day
• Antiperspirants reduce underarm sweating but they do not impact on the
natural ability of the body to control its temperature .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

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6. • METHODS FOR EVALUATING ANTIPERSPIRANT EFFICACY:
• There are 3 approaches for evaluating antiperspirant efficacy
• 1. visual
• 2. Instrumental
• 3. Gravimetric
• Visualization methods:There are various techniques that use starch-iodine or other suitable indicators which
produce colored spots at the site of sweat droplets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

7. • INSTRUMENTAL METHODS:Instrumental methods employ hygrometry,electrical conductance or
impedance,and thermography to evaluate the efficacy of antiperspirant products.These methods are also considered
screening tools and are not employed as typical standard antiperspirant efficacy evaluation techniques .
• GRAVIMETRIC METHOD:Sweat collection is carried out in controlled temperature rooms (98.2f and 35%
rh).
• Sweat collections are made during two successive half an hour period using tared absorbent pads
• A ratio sweat produced by right and left axillae is determined in controlled conditions.
• The effect of antiperspirant material on the perspiration rato of each individual is determined by comparing the
post treatement ratio with the subject average ratio.
• Reduction in sweat rate (%)= post treatement ratio/average concentration*100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

8. • HYGROMETRY: In this method cup is attached to the skin and water from the enclosed area is
evaporated by stream of dry gas.
• Water content of the gas is monitored and sweat rate is calculated.
• INVITRO AND INVIVO METHOD: Two principle method for invivo evaluation of antiperspirant efficiency
are
• 1.Determination of the effect of treatement in skin microflora.
• 2. olfactory assessment of the effects on skin odour.
• The different technique which are used to quantify microflora
• A. Tapestripping
• B. Velvet replicate pads
• C. Scrub technique
• D. Pressurized spray method
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

9. • SPECIFIC TESTS:
• 1.Aluminium and zinc in deodrants by gravimetric method or by atomic absorption spectroscopy .
• 2.Zirconium in antiperspirants by colorimetric method or by atomic absorption spectrometry .
• 3.Boric acid in deodrants and antiperspirants by ion exchange method .
• 4.chlorides and sulfates in antiperspirants by gravemetric method .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

10. • Atomic absorption spectroscopy:
• Liquid sample formation of droplets fine residue formation of
neutral molecules neutral atoms absorbs specific wavelength of radiation from hallow cathode
lamp measurement of intensity of radiation absorbed by the neutral atoms using a detector
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume
PARAMETERS ZINC
wavelength 213.9nm
Bandpass 0.2nm
Background correction D2
Flame type Air-acetylene
Fuel flow rate 1.2l/min
Measurement time 4s
Replicates 3s

11. • Boric acid determination by ion exchange chromatography:
Boric acid is used in cosmetics as an preservative agent
• Method: Preparation of Standard Solutions
• Stock Standard 1
• Dissolve 0.01 g of boric acid in 10 ml of DI water. The concentration of Stock Standard 1 is 1000
mg/L.
• Stock Standard 2
• (also used as a standard solution for calibration)
• Dilute 200 μl of Stock Standard 1 to 10 ml with DI water. The concentration of Stock Standard 2
is 20 mg/L.
• Standard Solutions for Calibration
• For calibration, prepare eight working standard solutions with different concentrations by diluting
the proper
• amount of the Stock Standards with DI water. The volumes of each solution needed to make the
calibration standards
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12. • Sample Preparation: Cream Sample
• Add 5 ml of acetonitrile to 2.0 g of cream sample in a10 ml centrifuge tube. Mix for 5 min to extract, centrifuge
the extract for 10 min at 6000 rpm, remove the supernatant,
• then add 5 ml of acetonitrile to the residue and extract a second time in the same manner. Combine the two
supernatants (total volume ~10 ml) in a 100 ml volumetric flask, and bring to the volume with DI water.
• After filtering the sample solution through a 0.45 μm syringe filter, pass the filtrate through a Dionex on Guard II
RP cartridge. Discard the first 3 ml of solution and collect the remaining solution. In practice, dilution will be
performed with DI water if necessary.
• Results and Discussion: In an acidic environment (~ pH 2.6), borates will be present as boric acid
(H3BO3), which is the reason that restrictions in the EU and China state using “by mass/mass as boric acid”.2,3
For example, tetra borate (Na2B4O7)reacts with MSA (CH3SO3H) instantaneously due to the strong acidity of
MSA, and boric acid is generated. Moreover, boric acid and mannitol (C6O6H14) can form a stable monovalent
anionic complex with pKa ≈ 4.5 in the acidic environment,10 allowing it to be more easily detected by
conductivity detection (reactions shown in Figure 1).Therefore, MSA eluent was used to separate boric acid, and
mannitol was added to the eluent to get higher detection sensitivity by ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC).
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