1. Chapter 21:
The
Commonwealth of
the Philippines
Beverly Mae Q. Ruiz

2. The Commonwealth of the
Philippines
After the Filipinos lost the war to
the Americans in 1901, they did not
really stop fighting for independence.
Although their military leaders
surrendered, the Filipinos carried on
the fight for freedom in three ways:

3. • The Commonwealth of the
Philippines
After the Filipinos lost the war to the
Americans in 1901, they did not really
stop fighting for independence. Although
their military leaders surrendered, the
Filipinos carried on the fight for freedom
in three ways:

4. I.
Theater and Literature;
II.
Peasant revolts and
the Communist Party of
the Philippines;
III. Peaceful pressure by
the Filipino Politicians;

5. Freedom Theater and
Literature (1902-1905)
• Zarzuela were banned by American
Authorities
• Dramas Championed Philippine
Freedom

6.  Example:
Tanikalang Ginto – Juan Abad
Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas – Aurelio
Tolentino
Song: Bayan Ko – (popularized by Freddie
Aguilar in 1980s in Marcos Dictatorship)
Banaag at Sikat – Lope K. Santos first
socialist Tagalog novel (1935)

7. PEASANT REVOLTS AND
THE COMMUNIST PARTYOF
THE PHILIPPINES
- (CPP) Communist Party of the
Government.
- SAKDALITAS (1935) most serious
peasant revolt.

8. PEACEFUL PRESSURE BY THE
FILIPINO POLITICIANS ENDING IN
THE ESTABLISHMENT OFTHE
COMMONWEALTH OF THE
PHILIPPINES IN 1935
1. Political Campaign for Independence
In 1932, the American Congress passed the
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law.
In 1934, the American Congress passed a better
independence law at the Tydings McDuffie Law.

9. 2. The 1935 Philippine Constitution
Now, a constitution was needed for the soon-to be
proclaimed Commonwealth.
A constitutional convention was convened in Manila in
July 1934, and the document was written with an eye
to meeting the approval of the
United States Government as well, so as to ensure that
the U.S. would live up to its promise to grant the
Philippines independence.
The completed constitution was overwhelmingly
approved
by plebiscite in March 1935, and then signed into law
by
President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

10. 3. The Commonwealth of the
Philippines
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the
political designation of the
Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was
a commonwealth with
the United States. Before this, the Philippines had
been a U.S. territory.
The creation of the Commonwealth was envisioned
under the Tydings McDuffie Act, as a ten-year
transitional government in preparation for full
Philippine independence and sovereignty, which was
scheduled for 1946.

11. Thank
you
for
listening!!!