WIND AND SOLAR HYBRID ENERGY WITH BACKUP

1. Prepared By:
Pradosh Dhal (1341013148)

2. TOPICS OVERVIEW

3. INTRODUCTION
With the increase in global energy demand and large industrial power requirements,
there has been a worldwide need for the development in the field of renewable energy.
The drastic consumption of oil, natural gas, fossil fuels and other exhaustible sources of
energy at the current scenario, will lead to their depletion from the earth.
The concept of “sustainable development” has motivated us to search for alternative
sources of energy which are freely and abundantly available to us.
But due to the seasonal and geographical restrictions of wind and weather specific
usage of solar panels, the need for focussing on hybrid energy sources has received
special attention.

4. WIND ENERGY
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power by rotating
propeller-like blades around a rotor.
The rotor turns the drive shaft, which turns an electric generator to convert mechanical
power into electricity.
Mechanical power can also be utilized directly for specific tasks such as pumping water.
The factors that affect the
amount of energy a turbine can
harness from the wind are:

5. Solar Energy
- Solar energy is a renewable source of energy.
- Sun rays converted into electrical energy
- Free of cost
- Free from pollution
- It is available in abundance.
- To absorb the light energy and convert it into a electrical
energy a photovoltaic module is used which comprises of
solar cells and solar panels.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of
ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy,
solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.

6. HYBRID ENERGY
HYBRID STREET LIGHT
• Solar-Wind hybrid streetlight is an intelligent, small scale and off-grid LED street light system,
composed up of solar modules, wind turbine, backup batteries, controller and a LED.
• As reliability is a concern here, energy storage system is required to have a continuous power
supply and cover any deficiency in power generation from the renewable energy sources. The
storage system can be battery banks, fuel cells, etc. with a more focus here on battery banks.
DEFINITION
A hybrid energy system generally consists of two or more renewable energy sources which are
used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply.
WIND + SOLAR =WIND PV HYBRID

7.  Emphasis on sustainable development : Focus on alternate energy.
The daily output will be more stable, since both energy sources may offset the
variations in output mutually. Of course, production will be higher during the day but
it doesn't drop to zero at night.
 Hybrid solar-wind powered systems become a cost-competitive option in areas
where wind and solar patterns supplement each other significantly
 For increasing output.
 For fulfilling demand of consumer.
 Providing uninterrupted power supply
 System can design for both off grid and on grid.
Why Hybrid Energy

8. • Energy is essential to us, but the increasing cost of energy and environmental concerns
are necessary to look for alternative sources and many countries are beginning to switch
to renewable energies.
• Several electricity policies in the last few years have talked about the need and priority
to promote Renewable Energy. Foremost Amongst them are :-
 Electricity Act (2003)
 National Electricity Policy(2005)
 National Rural Electrification Policies (NREP), 2006.
• Since the peak operating times for wind and solar systems occur at different times of
the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce power when we need it.

9. Regional trends influencing hybrid solar wind
market over 2016-2024 :
•The government of Australia has allocated USD 1
billion funds for clean energy technology projects.
•Chile hybrid solar wind market revenue is
anticipated to grow at a rate of 11% over the period
of 2016-2024.
•South Africa hybrid solar wind industry revenue is
expected to hit USD 12 million over the coming
timeframe.
•Government policies encouraging the use of
sustainable energy along with rural electrification
programs are expected to boost India hybrid solar
wind market trends.
•U.S. hybrid solar wind industry will grow
considerably over the coming years, driven by
heavy focus on consumption of renewable energy.

10. The site is selected for analysis is: Vadodara which has latitude 22°19’ North and longitude 73°14’ East.
Solar radiation data for tilted panel and average wind speed data at 50 m above the surface of the earth
is taken from NASA website.
- Average wind speed: 3.74 m/sec
- Average solar radiation: 5.53 KW-Hour/m2/day

13. DESIGN ASPECTS
SOLAR PANEL
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical
phenomenon.
It is a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance,
vary when exposed to light.
The operation of photovoltaic requires 3 basic attribute:
1) The absorption of light and generating electron-hole pairs.
2) The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.
3) The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit.
Various materials in the solar cells are as follows:
i. Crystalline silicon
ii. Thin film
iii. Multi-junction cells

14. BUCK CONVERTER
The buck converter is a DC-DC converter that efficiently converts a high voltage to a low voltage output.
Efficient power conversion extends battery life, reduces heat, and allows for smaller gadgets to be built. The
basic operation of the buck converter has the current in an inductor controlled by two switches (usually a transistor and
a diode).

15. Design Calculations of Buck
Converter

16. TRIGGERING CIRCUIT
- THE OUTPUT OBTAINED FROMTHE BUCK CIRCUIT ISTAKEN AS A FEEDBACKTO A DIFFERENTIATOR.
- THISVOLTAGE IS COMPAREDWITHTHE REFERENCEVOLTAGETO GENERATETHE ERROR SIGNAL.
- THE ERROR SIGNAL IS FEDTO A PI CONTROLLER.
- THE RELATIONAL OPERATOR (COMPARATOR) COMPARESTHETWO INPUTSTO GENERATETHE REQUIRED PULSE.

17. Differential Amplifier
The differentiator circuit yields out the value of the difference between the voltages obtained from
Buck converter
and the desired reference value set according to the load requirement.
e.g. V (Ref) = 7 V and V1 (from Buck) = 5 V
So the differentiator output is Vout = 7 V – 5 V = 2 V

18. PI CONTROLLER
Proportional
Integral
Calculations
A PI controller is a proportional gain in parallel with an integrator; both in series with a
lead controller. The proportional gain provides fast error response. The integrator drives
the system to a 0 steady-state error.

19. Triangular Generator
MULTISIM SIMULATION

20. Pulse Generator
The output from the triangular generator and PI controller is then fed to the opamp comparator circuit
To obtain the pulse signal required by the mosfet at its gate terminal for switching operation.
The width of the pulse (ton/T) is the Pulse width. So, the mosfet operates in accordance with the
variation of Duty Cycle to provide the requisite feedback.

21. Energy Storage
Battery is a storage device which is stores the excess power generated and uses it to supply
the load in addition to the generators when power is required.
Both PV and wind energy systems (described in the previous chapters) are integrated i.e.
connected to a common DC bus of constant voltage and the battery bank is also connected
to the DC bus.
The battery used in our case is a rechargeable lead storage battery .
It is widely used even when surge current(maximum current drawn from the input device) is
not important and in other designs which can provide higher densities.
The addition of battery to the system provides reliability with an intention to meet
The power requirements during blackouts.
The lifetime of a battery is only a few years.This drawback has led us to focus on
other storage devices like “Supercapacitors”.

22. List of Components Used

23. • Energy saving and environmental protection; providing a green energy; friendly to
environment.
• Easy installation, no civil engineering and cable connection, low-voltage safety, high
reliability, low noise and better efficiency .
• It meets the basic power requirements of non-electrified remote areas, where grid
power has not yet reached.
• 24 x 7 , supply of electricity can be easily promised due to the availability backup
sources like battery or supercapacitors.
• Can be used as a stand alone system where maintenance is very low.

24. • High initial investments and high cost of setting up of individual units.
• Reliability issues when both the power sources are unable to supply power.
• Proper geographical conditions needs to be satisfied for the above hybrid system to
function properly.
• Big noise: When the wind turbine is running at night, it will cause some noise, affecting
the people’s normal life and sleep.
• The equipment needs professional personnel for maintenance and repair.

25. • Hybrid Energy was the first Chinese company who
applied wind-solar hybrid street lamp at Osaka Airport,
Japan in 2004.
• The students belonging to the Ace Engineering College
(Telangana) , have implemented what they term ‘smart
streetlight’ project combining the potential of both
sustainable sources of energy, kinetic and solar and wind,
to light up streetlights
 Guangxi Nanning International Convention and
Exhibition centre
 Qingdao Olympic sailing base (Street lamp case)
 2014 Youth Olympics Games(Nanjing, China)

26. ROAD MAP
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3
Project Formulation
Literature Survey
Design Research
Questionnaire and
Interview
Simulation
Material Selection
Part acquisition
/assembly
ProductTesting
Final Design
Project Submission
TASKS
TIME

27. The main purposes of research in wind-solar hybrid system are to:
• Decrease the cost of power generated by the wind.
• To create a stand-alone energy source that is both dependable and consistent.
• Enhance the efficiency of the wind power output.
• Increase the reliability and predictability of the energy source.
• Investigate and reduce the adverse environmental impact of massive deployment of
wind turbines.
• Other wind extension concept must be promoted like Windstalk.
ResearchAreas & Future Scope
The hybridization in India has large prospect
because over 75 % of Indian household face the
problem like power cut specially in summer.
Airborne WindTurbine

28. • This presentation presented the modelling, simulation and design aspects of a Photovoltaic
Wind Hybrid Power System.
• The main idea of combining the two types of systems together was to try to archive a
constant power production, which would be available most of the time.
• From the sources of energy, solar energy and wind energy are highly complementary in
time and geographically.
• The wind-solar hybrid streetlight system is an independent system based on of the best
resource conditions.

29. REFERENCES
• K. Ro, and S. Rahman, “Two-loop controller for maximizing performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic-fuel
cell hybrid power plant”, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion 1998; 13(3); pp. 276-281.
• W. Jiang and B. Fahimi, “Active Current Sharing and Source Management in Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Power
System”, Transaction on Industrial Electronics, IEEE-TIE, Vol.: 57, Issue: 2, pp: 752-761, 2010.
• S.Selvam, , Edison Prabhu .K Bharath Kumar M.R, Andrew Mathew Dominic
Solar and Wind Hybrid power generation system for Street lights at Highways , International Journal of
Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2014.
• J. Appelbaum, “Photovoltaics Energy Conversion”, Syllabus, KU Leuven 2001.
A.Bratcu, I. Munteanu, S. Bacha, D. Picault, and B. Raison, “Cascaded DC-DC Converter PV Systems:
Power Optimization Issues.” Transaction on Industrial Electronics, IEEE-TIE, Vol.: PP, Issue: 99, 2010.
• O. Lopez-Lape, M. Penella and M. Gasulla, “A New Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Low-Power
Solar Energy Harvesting.” Transaction on Industrial Electronics, IEEETIE, Vol.: PP, Issue: 99, pp:1-1, 2010.