8th grade U.S. History. Par Pandit

1. Par Pandit
Student Teacher from University of San Francisco
8th grade U.S. History
Miller Middle School
2012

2. Who is this?

3. Who is this?

4. Who is this?

5. Who is this?

6. Who is this?
James Madison
Father of the Constitution

7. Enlightenment
and the
American
Revolution
The Implementation of Ideals

8. Definition
• Implementation: the act of accomplishing some
aim or executing some order
• Ideals: A standard of perfection; a principle to be
aimed at

9. Times Before
Enlightenment

10. Times Before
Enlightenment
• You were born into a class and had to stay there

11. Times Before
Enlightenment
• Catholic Church interpreted the Bible for non-clergy
people

12. Times Before
Enlightenment
• Justice was often arbitrary or based on superstition
• Punishment was cruel and not fit the crime

13. Times Before
Enlightenment
• Lack of understanding about health – Black Death

14. Times Before
Enlightenment
• Certain countries had absolute monarchy – Royalty
sets all rules based on the “Divine Right of Kings”
• The theory of divine right was abandoned in
England during the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89

15. Times Before
Enlightenment
• People thought that human nature was not
changeable
• People did not think about how the environment
can affect people

16. Influences
Renaissance Reformation
Scientific
Revolution
Enlightenment

17. Renaissance
mid 1300’s to early 1600’s
• Start questioning old ideas (from
Middle Ages)
• Interest in human society and
natural world and the potential
of all human beings
• Don’t believe that one should
remain in his class based on
birth. Reward individual
achievement over class or
family name
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491

18. Protestant Reformation
1517-1600s
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491
• Martin Luther
• Bible is the ultimate source
of religious authority for
Christians, not the Church
• Printing press and language
translations made the Bible
readable for the public and
improves literacy

19. Scientific Revolution
1500s-1700s
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491
• Development in science
transformed views of society
and nature
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Astronomy
• Biology
• Chemistry
• Scientific Method

20. Scientific Revolution
1500s-1700s
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491
• Development in science
transformed views of society
and nature
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Astronomy
• Biology
• Chemistry
• Scientific Method

21. Influences
Renaissance Reformation
Scientific
Revolution
Enlightenment

22. Influences
• Renaissance
Question accepted beliefs
Celebrate the Individual
• Scientific Revolution
Trust in reason and observation leading to
progress
• Reformation
Individuals think for themselves
Not accept blind authority (i.e. Church)

23. Enlightenment
John Locke (1632-1704)
• Rejects “Divine Rights of Kings”
concept
• Government is to protect natural
rights of life, liberty, and property
• Government Authority comes from
consent of the governed
• People have the right to overthrow
the government
• Popular Sovereignty
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491

24. Enlightenment
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
• French political thinker
• Admires England’s form of government
based on English Common Law
• Concerned with personal liberty
• Separation of Powers
• Executive
• Legislature
• Judicial

25. Enlightenment
Voltaire (1694-1778)
• French writer, historian, and
philosopher
• Freedom of Speech
• Freedom of Religion
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491

26. Enlightenment
Casare Beccaria (1738-1794)
• Italian jurist, philosopher, and politican
• Rights of “accused” to fair treatment
• Fair and speedy trial
• Against cruel and unusual punishment
The Heritage of World Civilizations,
pg 491

27. Implementation
Enlightenment
Declaration of
Independence
Constitution

28. Quiz
What Enlightened Thinker influenced the following
from the Declaration of Independence:
“…All men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, among these are Life,
Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness…”

29. Quiz
What Enlightened Thinker influenced the following
from the Constitution:
“Article I: Legislative Power…
Article II: Nature and Scope of Executive
Power…
Article III: Judicial Power, Courts, Judges…”

30. Quiz
What Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the
following from the Constitution:
“Amendment 1: Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
press …”

31. Quiz
What Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the
following from the Constitution:
“Amendment 8: Excessive bail shall not be required,
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.”

32. Implementation
• Like John Locke, colonists shared foundations of Magna Carta
and English Bill of Rights
• Declaration of Independence echoed Locke’s ideas on
natural rights and the purpose of government
• Constitution
 Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers
 Bill of Rights protects Voltaire’s freedom of speech and
religion ideas
 Bill of Rights protects Becarria’s belief that an accused
person has a right to a fair trial and to not suffer cruel and
unusual punishment

33. Related Links
• http://suite101.com/article/differences-between-
medieval-world-and-renaissance-philosophy-
a285123