1. Correlations between Inflammatory Status, Dietary Intake and Periodontal Health David Powers

2. Throughout the world people are constantly being diagnosed with chronic inflammatory diseases. Currently, in the medical field there are no non-invasive, relatively inexpensive methods of looking at inflammation throughout the body. This research focuses on the studying the potential for the mouth to be used as a gateway into looking at inflammation throughout the body as well as examining any correlations between one's diet and periodontal health. These two objectives are achieved through the following two research questions: Is there a correlation between inflammatory disease and periodontal health?; and Is there a correlation between one's diet and one’s periodontal health? In this study the periodontal health of participants with Rheumatoid arthritis and Diebetes Type-II were examined. Results show that the level of inflammation in one's diet does have an effect of one's periodontal health and participants with an inflammatory disease have worse periodontal health than those without. Abstract

3. Each year huge population diagnosed with chronic inflammatory disease Some common inflammatory diseases include: Arthritis, Crohn’s, Parkinson & diabetes type 2 Estimated by 2030 about 67 million Americans 18 and older will have doctor diagnosed Arthritis Currently no inexpensive, non-invasive methods of looking at inflammation throughout body In study published in 2009 it was participants with rheumatoid arthritis had an increased prevalence of Periodontitis Study conducted in Italy found correlation between poor periodontal health and coronary heart disease Background

4. In study testing the effect of treating periodontal disease on cardio vascular markers it was found that treating one's periodontal health may have an impact on reducing inflammation in one's body In final study it was found that certain dietary patterns may have an effect on one’s inflammation In order to classify diets according to inflammatory/anti-inflammatory effects on the body Inflammatory Factor Rating(IFR) used IFR gives each food a number according to factors such as amount and type of fat, essential fatty acid, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, glycemic index, and anti-inflammatory compounds Periodontal health tested through Gingival Index Background Cont.

5. Research Questions Is there a correlation between inflammatory disease and periodontal health? Is there a correlation between diet and the degree of inflammation in ones gums? IV’s: Inflammatory status of participants (with or without Osteoarthritis/Type-II Diabetes) IFR of participants DV: Periodontal health Problem Statement

6. It has been hypothesized that if one has inflammatory disease, then they will also have poor periodontal health. It is predicted that if one has a diet containing "inflammatory foods," then they will have more inflamed gums than one who has a diet containing "anti-inflammatory foods." Hypotheses

7. Procedures Research Question1 20 with Arthritis, 20 with Diabetes type 2 & 20 without any inflammatory disease Research Question2 50 participants ages 40-60

8. Data Inflammatory Status vs. Average Periodontal Health Diet vs. Average Periodontal Health

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12. Part One Statistical Analysis Part Two Correlation Coefficient: -0.4978668

13. Hypothesis predicting that participants that had an inflammatory disease would have worse periodontal health than those free of all disease was supported by data Supported by study conducted in 2009 that found a relationship between Type-II Diabetes and Periodontitis Hypothesis predicting the lower the IFR of one’s diet, the worse one’s periodontal health was supported as well Supported by study that found participants that ate diets with inflammatory foods also seemed to have more inflammation througout the body Both sets of data were statistically significant Part two had a moderate correlation Conclusions

14. Dentists have the ability to estimate level of inflammation throughout the body simply by examining periodontal health If threat of high inflammation exists dentist can recomment patients get blood tests May prevent formation of an inflammatory disease/ warn patients if their inflammatory disease is severe Can recommend an anti-inflammatory diet to patients to lower inflammation Implications

15. Several errors made throughout study that can be improved Oral hygiene of participants was not controlled and in future research should be Gender and ethnicity not controlled & in future research will be Gingival index based largely off qualitative observations Use of Periodontal Index may improve accuracy Periodontal index tests for depth of gums In future research may be interesting to test effect of other factors on inflammation such as exercise Also interesting to look at other inflammatory diseases Discussion

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