1. 2010
A Program Approach to Rural
Development based on an NGO in
The Democratic Republic of Congo

2. Can you help?

3. Democratic Republic of Congo

4. Democratic Republic of Congo
 In Central Africa, right on the Equator
 40% of the surface area of USA
 Average population density 52/ sq. mile
 One of the five least developed countries
 Great mineral wealth cause of 15 yr. war
 More than 5 million direct and indirect
civilian war deaths since 1994 and counting.
 Per capita income $ 171
 Elected government weak and dysfunctional

5. Western Kasai

6. Western Kasai
 Area 60,605 sq. miles
 Three districts:
– Lulua, in the savannah grassland.
– Kasai, in the forest.
– Kananga in deforested savannah, partially urbanized
 2.5 million inhabitants, of which 900,000 in
Kananga
 Average population density 26 /sq.mile
outside the capital
 Epicenter of epidemics: ebola, monkey pox
rabies

7. Western Kasai Forest

8. Grassland

9. Kananga

10. Food Security and Nutrition in Western Kasai
 Pre-famine phase 3 in 6 territories out of
10
 9 - 17 % acute malnutrition in children
under 5years
 In all territories 20% or more of women
too thin,10% are acutely malnourished

11. Food security rating
Situation de la sécurité Alimentaire au Kasaï Occidental d’Août 2008 à Mars
2009
Résultats de l’IPC 2009
N
e, f
B, D
630.668
e,f, h
A, C, D
DEKESE i
2
116.838
i
e, f, h
3 *** A, B, C, D
588.707
i
***
3
MWEKA
ILEBO ***
e, h
B, D d,g, h
141.884 B, C, D
i 325.837
1 DEMBA i
DIMBELENGE
LUEBO 3
***
KANANGA
***
e, f, g
B, D e,f, h
398.677 KAZUMBA DIBAYA B, C, D
TSHIKAPA 698.119
i
2 i
1
**
**
f, g LUIZA h
B, C, D B, D
1.546.836 491.508
i i
2 g, h 3
B, C, D f, g, h
555.903 B, C, D **
** i 645.754
1 i
2
***
***
Phase 2.shp
Risque élevé
Risque modéré
Phase 3 30 0 30 60 Kilometers
LEGENDE
Phase actuelle ou imminente Risque d’aggravation
3 Crise alimentaire et des moyens d’existence aiguë Risque modéré Risque élevé
2 Insécurité alimentaire modérée/limite
d ; e ; f ; g et h = Principales causes immédiates : A ; B ; C ; D = Principales causes sous-jacentes :
d : insécurité civile ; e : désorganisation du marché ; A : Séquelles des conflits ; B : Dégradation de l’environnement ;
f : foyers de maladie ; g : afflux de population ; h : autres. C : Marginalisation Sociale ; D : autres
Chiffres : population du territoire/ entité 1 ; 2 ; 3 = Récurrence de la crise dans les 10 dernières années
i ; ii ; iii ; iv ; v = Critères de ciblage social : 1 : faible (1 à 2 ans) ; 2 : moyenne (3 à 4) ; 3 : forte (> à 5)
i : Système de moyens d’existence
= Tendance prévue
* =Niveau de confiance de l’analyse :
** Moyen *** Elevé
Sans changement Aggravation de la situation

12. Social Context
 Between war and peace since 15 years, more
than 5 million direct and indirect victims
 Frequent migration seeking security and
livelihood or driven from neighbouring
Angola
 Unemployment affects 95% of adult men and
increasing under world economic crisis
 Women and children are property of husband
and the men in his family

13. Social Context
 Violence even lynching by mobs upon
first time accusation of witchcraft
 Witchcraft paradigm leads to grades of
long term discrimination against widows,
elderly, orphans, malnourished children,
chronically ill and handicapped .

14. Young woman accused of `witchcraft `whose mother
brother and child had died, 48 h after attempted
lynching

15. Dr Jean Lumbala with the woman who saved the
`witch` from lynching

16. Aged Man malnourished and
accused

17. Byuma declared a `witch` in
2007

18. Byuma in 2010

19. AIDS orphans declared
`witches`by their mam

20. Advocating HR of women and children

21. Church women on HR

22. Social Context
 Literacy and formal education in decline
 Birth rate and child and maternal mortality
increasing

24. Agriculture
 Agriculture not supported by government
 Extensive agriculture using hand tools in small plots
of 1/6 to 1/3 acre per family
 Minimal trading and commerce
– No markets for agricultural supplies and produce
 Agricultural potential limited:
– sandy soil in Lulua district and Kananga
– Absence of high quality seeds
– clay soil and fear of sleeping sickness in Kasai
district
– Irregular rainfall, lack of irrigation, variable micro-
climates

25. Agriculture
 Women carry heaviest workload in
agriculture
 Transportation:
 Bad roads dangerous for cars
 women and children on foot carrying heavy
loads
 men pushing bicycles long distances up to
150 miles

26. Women and
children on foot
carrying heavy
loads

27. Bad roads

28. Malnutrition
 Lack of food security in towns and even
more so in the villages
 Due to actual lack of food as well as
transportation problems and speculation
by suppliers
 Severe malnutrition in 9 to 25 percent of
children under 5; elevated rates of
nutritional dwarfism.

29. Malnutrition
 Season of witches, September – December, seasonal food shortage
leads to high mortality in children, elderly and handicapped people
leading to multiple new accusations of witchcraft

30. Conditions favorable for an NGO
Program Approach to Rural
Development
 Strong pressure in favor of development efforts
by
– rural associations
– people who are most marginalized
– traditional chiefs
– church leaders
 Some provincial authorities in 2004,
responsive to popular pressure, have sought to
support NGO activities

31. Communities

32. Initiators

33. BUTOKE: Objective
 BUTOKE gives priority to integrated
rural development, social peace and the
promotion of equity by collaborating
with civil society including faith-based
organizations and village associations in
each locality so that all can participate in
the efforts and all can benefit.

34. Development Efforts
 Longterm 5-15 years
 Good but not overabundant baseline
statistics
 Monitor, flexibility of tactics, learn as
you go
 Stability of personnel
 Core Community participation in
planning, monitoring and evaluating

35. Humanitarian Assistance
 Sudden problem surpassing local capacity to
deal with independently: accidents, epidemics
 Speed of intervention
 Use agreed upon procedures for quality care
 Minimum data gathering: where, number of
people involved in orders of magnitude, who
else can assist with what
 Flexible administrative procedures
 Available logistics
 Monitoring and evaluation

36. Neighbours and ex patients join as
workers

37. Top notch Technicians join

38. Community Nutrition Center

39. Malnourished and orphans
have discovered a grandma

40. Nolonger alone

41. Nutritional dwarfism

42. Marasmus

43. Kwashiorkor

44. Kwashiorkor

45. Kwashiorkor

46. A normal child (center) with two malnourished children
of same age (37 mos.)

47. Byuma in 2007

48. Byuma in 2010

49. Food Security and Nutrition Strategies
1. Short term support for lasting effects, e.g simple
tools, seeds, to stimulate the agricultural cycle

50. Food Security and Nutrition
2. Introduce and
support simple low-
cost innovations
 selection of
better seeds,
 careful planting
with proper spacing
 weeding at the
correct time

51. Food Security and Nutrition Strategies
3. Reach large numbers of people through village
associations and parishes

52. Food Security and Nutrition Strategies
4. Encourage increased production of staple foods
with improved varieties of corn and cassava

53. Food Security and Nutrition Strategies
5. Encourage varied diets, rich in protein and vitamins
by including cultivation of peanuts, soy, lentils,
watermelon, vegetables

54. Food Security and Nutrition Strategies
6. Maintain dialogue with parishes and associations on
strategies and ethics of development with equity

55. Food Security and Nutrition Strategies
7. Feeding Programs: Most people get only one meal per
day that is bulky and of low nutritional quality ….

56. Butoke feeds daily about 100 children and
adolescents and adults, with moderate to severe
acute malnutrition 3 – 12 times per day

57. Number of Associations Formed and Acres
Under Cultivation Each Season, 2004 - 2009
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2004a 2004b 2005a 2005b 2006a 2006b 2007 2008 2009

58. Health
 Access to medical care
 Malnutrition
 Disability

59. Access to Medical care
 Medical and
surgical
emergencies
(1,500 cases per
year)
 Primary health
care (5,000
cases per year)

60. Many emergencies
are turned away from
hospitals for lack of
ability to pay.
BUTOKE provides
money and an
advocate …

61. … who assists hospital patients get access to needed
health care.

62. Complex emergency
8 y old daughter
brought by her
father who is a
pastor. who tried
prayer and
traditional care

63. That she may live
 Infection, cancer.
and burn by
traditional
treatment

64. Victim of an attempted murder. BUTOKE helped get her
into hospital for treatment

65. BUTOKE staff provide simple basic care

66. Disability
In a situation where
survival is often uncertain
anyhow, disabilities
further impair an
individual's chances.
Disabled people are
stigmatized because they
are considered to be
probable witches

67. the elderly and disabled arrive on bicycles by Samaritans

68. Paraplegics have
been supplied with
simple locally-
made hand-
propelled tricycles
that greatly
increase their
mobility

69. Rehabilitation enables a disabled person to play a more
active role in community life

70. Many people with
disabilities are at
special disadvantage.
Existing services
provide no social
rehabilitation nor
pastoral care.
Butoke provides all
of these.
This man was
provided a sewing
machine, which
enabled him to
develop a new
livlihood as a tailor.

71. Loving care
 Kapinga, orphan 24 y
Handicapped (TB hip)
 `Witch`
 Tried prostitution but
came malnourished and
begging
 Became major loving
caretaker of smallest
orphans

72. Education
 Support for school fees and notebooks and pens, without
which children cannot attend private or government
schools

73. 800
700
600
500
400
Series1
300
200
100
0
Year
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Children supported by BUTOKE
in primary and secondary schools

74. BUTOKE: the Future
 Delayed support by CIDA. Uncertain support
by UN because of uncertainty of their
budgetary support
 Maintain efforts towards economic and social
equity through affiliated associations
 Continue the orphanage with 42 children
 Maintain the health care and emergency care
 Continue defending human rights of witches

75. How you can help
 Stay informed about Africa and DR Congo
 Pray for BUTOKE and the people of the Congo
in these times where major support from UN and
bilaterals are disturbed by the world wide economic crisis
and political turbulence
 Help us by sustaining our work to support
– Orphans and malnourished
– Food Security
– Emergency Health care for indigents
– Educational support for primary school
- Protection of Human rights of so called
witches

76. Donations
Send contributions, payable to
“Maryland Presbyterian Church” to
BUTOKE’s agent in the USA:
Maryland Presbyterian Church
1105 Providence Road
Baltimore, MD 21286-1744