A collection of photos and maps relating to the emigrant Native Americans who were relocated to Franklin County in the 1830s-1850s.

1. Emigrant
Tribes

2. By the 1830s, the world of the native
Kanza and Osage tribes changed.
The US government had a large problem.
Native tribes in the East and Midwest had
been defeated and pushed from their land
by incoming European settlers. The
question was what to do with these
displaced Indians.
One idea was to create a Permanent
Indian Frontier in what is now eastern
Kansas and Oklahoma. It was hoped that
Indians located here would be undisturbed
by white settlers and the alcohol trade.

4. Large and small bands of Indians from the
Great Lakes to Florida were removed to this
“Permanent Indian Frontier.”
The Cherokees called their brutal removal
journey “The Trail of Tears,” since almost a
quarter of that tribe died on the way.
The Pottawatomies called it “The Trail of
Death.”

5. Map of PIF

7. The Chippewas
of Black River and
Swan Creek (Michigan)
Ash-E-Taa-Na-Quet
or Clear Sky
(Francis McCoonse)

8. Ka-pah-
us-ke,
(Robert
McCoonse)
Grandson
of the Old
Chippewa
Chief In his youth, he
was sent to
school in
Nazareth, PA by
the Moravian
missionaries.
He’s wearing his
uniform above.

9. Mary Alice McCoonse,
Chippewa, right,
dressed to go to
school at Haskell
Institute in Lawrence,
KS.
Her little sister,
Matilda Maria, is left.

10. The Sac and
Fox
of the Upper
Mississippi

11. Sac Chief Keokuk,
or the Watchful
Fox

12. Keokuk’s son,
Wa-som-e-saw
called the
Reverend Moses
Keokuk in later
life.

13. Op-po-noos
or
Appanoose
or
Appan-oze-
o-ke-mar
(The
Hereditary
Chief, or He
Who Was a
Chief When
a Child)

14. Another image of
Appanoose
George
Bird
King
painting
of him

15. Two unidentified Sac and
Fox men photographed by
A.W. Barker.

16. Two Sac and
Fox bark
houses—one
in Franklin
County and
one in
Oklahoma.

17. The
Munsees
William Henry
Kilbuck

18. Munsee John
Henry Kilbuck,
(left) Moravian
missionary in
Alaska

19. In 1900, the Chippewas and Munsees were given their
land individually, and the tribes were dissolved.The two
groups posed for a final photograph.

20. The Illinois
and Wabash
Bands
The Peoria,
Kaskaskia,
Piankeshaw and
Wea
Chief
Baptiste
Peoria

21. The Ottawas
of Blanchard’s
Fork,
Roche de Boeuf,
and
Ocquanoxcey’s
Village

22. Ottawa Chief
Pah-Tee
(John Wilson)
1813-April 9,
1870
Died on the
journey to
Oklahoma

23. Che-quah,
Ottawa
Medicine
Woman
(Aunt Jane
Phelps)
1766-1886

24. Ottawa Chief
Ko-twah-wun
(Joseph
Badger King)
1822-1915

25. Na-qua ke-zhick--
Noonday
(William Hurr)
trustee of Ottawa
University,
translator for Sac
& Fox

26. The route
of the
Ottawa
from the
Great
Lakes
through
Ohio to
Kansas
and then
Oklahoma

27. By 1900, all
the Nations
had been
relocated to
Oklahoma
except the
Munsees
and
Chippewas