Navigating the Deluge_ Dubai Floods and the Resilience of Dubai International...
Session 1 part 2
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4. Bioavailability…it’s a big deal! So, what can you do to find compounds that are bioavailable? Hint: you don’t need to do in vivo testing just yet..
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9. Case Study: CNS properties analysis identifies guidelines Properties were computed using ACD Labs (v.11). Data shown are mean±SEM. Student’s t-test used to compare mean values with CNS means. *, p <0.05; ***, p <0.001. Chico et al. (2009) Nature Rev Drug Discov , 8, 892-909. PSA discriminates CNS+ better than LogP Pgp+ compounds possess higher LogP, MW than Pgp- compounds
10. Case study: Properties guidelines help prioritize CNS drug discovery efforts Simple properties filters helped prioritize the top 6% of candidates! <100 compounds were synthesized from start lead clinical candidate. Wing et al. (2006) Curr Alz Res, 3, 205-214. Chico et al. (2009) Drug Metab Dispos, 37, 2204-11. Chico et al. (2009) Nature Rev Drug Discov, 8 , 892-909. 5 amines + 18 alkyl/aromatic groups = 1700+ possibilities PSA <80Å 2 MW <400 LogP < 4 (80%) (80%) (80%)
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12. Find the “sweet spot” of CNS+/CYP2D6- using overlapping analyses CNS+/CYP2D6+ Avoid this region CNS+/CYP2D6- Minimized risk of CYP2D6 involvement, but still have CNS+ CNS+ PSA ≤ 80Å 2 LogP ≤ 4 MW ≤ 400 Database summary statistics:
13. Multidimensional properties analyses helps refine “CNS” space Wager et al. (2010) ACS Chem Neurosci, 1 , 420-434. Wager et al. (2010) ACS Chem Neurosci, 1, 435-449 Analyzing properties associated with multiple ADME features helps identify more restrictive guidelines, increases probability of finding CNS+ compounds.
19. An overview of the drug discovery process Nature Review Drug Discovery,8, 892 2009.
20. The Drug Discovery Chemist Synthetic chemistry- How to make things Medicinal chemistry- What makes a drug Pattern recognition and recall
21. Pattern recognition and recall TNT Salinsporamide – clinical trials for cancer Point of covalent attachment to proteins Azo-blue
22. Chemical space versus drug-like space Lipinski, C and Hopkins A, Nature , 2004 , 432(16) 855. Nature Biotechnology 24, 805 - 815 (2006)
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25. An overview of the drug discovery process Looking for a starting point – either binding or weak activity that can then be optimized Obtainment of a Hit
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28. HTS pitfalls - Bad Hits and Frequent Hitters J Chem Inf Model. 2007 Jul-Aug;47(4):1319-27. Pattern recognition and recall Compounds that are potent in HTS are not necessarily Hits!
![Identifying CNS drugs requires unique considerations beyond efficacy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quantification LogBB = comparison of brain, plasma concentrations Relative bioavailability %F = [AUC po ] / [AUC iv ] Molecular properties influence how drugs are absorbed, how they are distributed, how they interact with transporters and metabolizing enzymes Absorption Metabolism Tissue Distribution Time [Drug]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/session1part2-120227111146-phpapp01/85/Session-1-part-2-1-320.jpg)
![Case study: Antihistamine CNS bioavailability changes impact adverse events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DIPHENHYDRAMINE FEXOFENADINE Brain penetrant Avoids penetrating CNS Antihistamines lacking sedative properties tend to possess limited CNS bioavailability compared to antihistamines with drowsiness Obradovic T et al. (2007) Pharm Res, 24 , 318-327. Avoids P-glycoprotein efflux P-glycoprotein substrate](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)