1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 28 Locomotion and Support Systems

2. Animal Skeletons Support, Move, and Protect the Body 28-

4. Figure 28.1A The well-developed circular and longitudinal muscles of an earthworm push against a segmented, fluid-filled coelom 28-

5. Figure 28.1B A starfish has an endoskeleton 28-

7. Figure 28.2 Graceful movements are possible because muscles act on bones 28-

8. The Mammalian Skeleton Is a Series of Bones Connected at Joints 28-

10. Figure 28.3A The human skeleton 28-

11. Figure 28.3B Bones of the skull 28-

12. Figure 28.3C The rib cage 28-

14. Figure 28.4A Bones of the pectoral girdle and upper limb 28-

15. Figure 28.4B Bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb 28-

17. Figure 28.5 Exercise can help prevent osteoporosis 28-

19. Figure 28.6 Anatomy of a long bone 28-

20. 28.7 Joints occur where bones meet 28-

22. Figure 28.8 Arthroscopic surgery 28-

23. Animal Movement Is Dependent on Muscle Cell Contraction 28-

25. Figure 28.9 Selected human muscles and their functions 28-

27. Motor unit 28-

28. Figure 28.10A Antagonistic muscles 28-

29. Figure 28.10B A single stimulus and a simple muscle twitch 28-

30. Figure 28.10C Multiple stimuli with summation and tetanus 28-

32. 28-

34. Figure 28.12 Components of a muscle cell 28-

36. Figure 28.13A Contraction of a sarcomere 28-

37. Figure 28.13B Role of ATP in muscle contraction 28-

39. Figure 28.14 Neuromuscular junction (green = ACh) 28-

42. Figure 28.16 Fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers 28-