SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 10
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Estatísticas e suas distribuições
amostrais
Prof. Manoel Castro
2011
Estatísticas e suas Distribuições Amostrais
• Xis variam a cada amostra x
• Assim como as estatísticas 2
,, SSX
Ex: Número de buracos no pavimento por km (X) segue
Poisson com média µ = 2 e σ2 = 2
2 . 4 2 . 2 3 . 2 2 . 0 1 . 2 1 . 4 2 . 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 3 . 4
3 4 1 2 3 3 0 1 3 1
1 2 2 0 0 1 1 4 1 2
2 1 4 4 3 2 2 0 1 2
3 4 2 2 5 1 5 2 4 3
3 0 0 1 1 3 2 1 1 2
0 . 8 3 . 2 2 . 2 2 . 2 3 . 8 1 . 0 3 . 5 2 . 3 2 . 0 0 . 5
X
2
S
Distribuição amostral de
P(X)
0.150.200.25
X: buracos/Km ~ Poisson (lambda=2)
X
Média= 1.962 S2= 0.38
Density
0.40.6
Histograma das médias de
200 amostras com n=5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
X
P(X)
0.000.050.10
Médias amostrais
Density 0 1 2 3 4
0.00.20.4
Histogramas das 200 médias amostrais
Média= 2.04 S2= 0.311 n= 5
Density
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0.00.20.40.60.8
Média= 2.001 S2= 0.077 n= 20
Density
0.00.51.01.5
Média= 1.968 S2= 0.188 n= 10
Density
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.50.00.20.40.60.8
X
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Média= 2.042 S2= 0.073 n= 30
Density
1.5 2.0 2.5
0.00.51.01.5
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Média= 2.005 S2= 0.042 n= 50
Density
1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6
0.00.51.01.52.0
Média= 1.991 S2= 0.019 n= 100
Density
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
Distribuição amostral de X
Média= 0.497 S2= 0.051 n= 5
1.01.5
Histograma das médias de
200 amostras com n=5
Distância entre buracos (X)
1.01.52.0
X ~ exponencial (lambda=2)
P(X)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0.00.51.0
25.0/1
5.0/1
22
==
==
λσ
λµ
X
X
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0.00.5
X
Média= 0.497 S2= 0.013 n= 20
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
Média= 0.51 S2= 0.024 n= 10
0.00.51.01.52.02.5
Média= 0.497 S2= 0.051 n= 5
0.00.51.01.5
Histogramas de 200 médias amostrais X
Média= 0.5 S2= 0.002 n= 100
0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65
02468
Média= 0.499 S2= 0.005 n= 50
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
012345
Média= 0.492 S2= 0.008 n= 30
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
01234
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0.0
Distribuição amostral Média.
X~Normal (µ=50,σ=3)
0 50 100 150 200
0.000.020.040.060.080.100.12
46 48 50 52 54
0.000.050.100.150.200.25
media 50.065687005821 Var 1.84777468156713
47 48 49 50 51 52 53
0.00.10.20.30.4
media 49.9270977587312 Var 0.960192253140776
0 50 100 150 200
x
Médias amostrais
49.0 49.5 50.0 50.5 51.00.00.20.40.60.81.0
media 50.038197055871 Var 0.164860381447687
k=500 n= 50
Médias amostrais
46 48 50 52 54
k=500 n= 5
Médias amostrais
47 48 49 50 51 52 53
k=500 n= 10
Médias amostrais
48 49 50 51 52
0.00.10.20.30.40.5
media 49.9628681061913 Var 0.446994080562361
k=500 n= 20
Médias amostrais
48 49 50 51 52
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.6
media 50.019938885542 Var 0.292712696627913
k=500 n= 30
Teorema do Limite Central
• X1, X2, X3...Xn formam uma amostra aleatória de uma
distribuição com média µ e variância σ2. À medida que n
aumenta, se aproxima da distribuição normal com
média µ e variância σ2/n.
X
• Como isso pode nos ajudar a estimar melhor os parâmetros
populacionais? Este teorema é importantíssimo para tal fim.
Distribuição da Proporção Amostral (p’).
p’~Binomial (p=0,25)
n= 10
0.050.100.150.200.25
n= 5
0.10.20.3
n= 30
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0.00
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
n= 30
p'
0.000.050.100.15
Trabalho (Entrega 3/out)
1. Coletar uma amostra de uma variável aleatória com 50
observações. Faça uma breve análise descritiva desta
amostra.
2. Suponha que a amostra coletada é uma população, da
qual você irá gerar 100 amostras de tamanho n=5
Grupos de no máximo 3 alunos
qual você irá gerar 100 amostras de tamanho n=5
observações. Gere os histogramas das médias e das
variâncias amostrais. Mostre também:
- A média e a variância das médias amostrais
- A média e a variância das variâncias amostrais.
3. Repita o passo 2 para amostras de n=10, 15, 20, 25, e 30.
4. Interprete os resultados.

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Empfohlen

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at WorkGetSmarter
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
 

Empfohlen (20)

Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike RoutesMore than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
 

Distribuicoes amostrais - Estatistica

  • 1. Estatísticas e suas distribuições amostrais Prof. Manoel Castro 2011
  • 2. Estatísticas e suas Distribuições Amostrais • Xis variam a cada amostra x • Assim como as estatísticas 2 ,, SSX Ex: Número de buracos no pavimento por km (X) segue Poisson com média µ = 2 e σ2 = 2 2 . 4 2 . 2 3 . 2 2 . 0 1 . 2 1 . 4 2 . 0 2 . 2 2 . 6 3 . 4 3 4 1 2 3 3 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 4 4 3 2 2 0 1 2 3 4 2 2 5 1 5 2 4 3 3 0 0 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 0 . 8 3 . 2 2 . 2 2 . 2 3 . 8 1 . 0 3 . 5 2 . 3 2 . 0 0 . 5 X 2 S
  • 3. Distribuição amostral de P(X) 0.150.200.25 X: buracos/Km ~ Poisson (lambda=2) X Média= 1.962 S2= 0.38 Density 0.40.6 Histograma das médias de 200 amostras com n=5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 X P(X) 0.000.050.10 Médias amostrais Density 0 1 2 3 4 0.00.20.4
  • 4. Histogramas das 200 médias amostrais Média= 2.04 S2= 0.311 n= 5 Density 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0.00.20.40.60.8 Média= 2.001 S2= 0.077 n= 20 Density 0.00.51.01.5 Média= 1.968 S2= 0.188 n= 10 Density 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.50.00.20.40.60.8 X 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Média= 2.042 S2= 0.073 n= 30 Density 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.00.51.01.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Média= 2.005 S2= 0.042 n= 50 Density 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 0.00.51.01.52.0 Média= 1.991 S2= 0.019 n= 100 Density 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
  • 5. Distribuição amostral de X Média= 0.497 S2= 0.051 n= 5 1.01.5 Histograma das médias de 200 amostras com n=5 Distância entre buracos (X) 1.01.52.0 X ~ exponencial (lambda=2) P(X) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.00.51.0 25.0/1 5.0/1 22 == == λσ λµ X X 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.00.5 X
  • 6. Média= 0.497 S2= 0.013 n= 20 0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0 Média= 0.51 S2= 0.024 n= 10 0.00.51.01.52.02.5 Média= 0.497 S2= 0.051 n= 5 0.00.51.01.5 Histogramas de 200 médias amostrais X Média= 0.5 S2= 0.002 n= 100 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 02468 Média= 0.499 S2= 0.005 n= 50 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 012345 Média= 0.492 S2= 0.008 n= 30 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 01234 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0
  • 7. Distribuição amostral Média. X~Normal (µ=50,σ=3) 0 50 100 150 200 0.000.020.040.060.080.100.12 46 48 50 52 54 0.000.050.100.150.200.25 media 50.065687005821 Var 1.84777468156713 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 0.00.10.20.30.4 media 49.9270977587312 Var 0.960192253140776 0 50 100 150 200 x Médias amostrais 49.0 49.5 50.0 50.5 51.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 media 50.038197055871 Var 0.164860381447687 k=500 n= 50 Médias amostrais 46 48 50 52 54 k=500 n= 5 Médias amostrais 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 k=500 n= 10 Médias amostrais 48 49 50 51 52 0.00.10.20.30.40.5 media 49.9628681061913 Var 0.446994080562361 k=500 n= 20 Médias amostrais 48 49 50 51 52 0.00.10.20.30.40.50.6 media 50.019938885542 Var 0.292712696627913 k=500 n= 30
  • 8. Teorema do Limite Central • X1, X2, X3...Xn formam uma amostra aleatória de uma distribuição com média µ e variância σ2. À medida que n aumenta, se aproxima da distribuição normal com média µ e variância σ2/n. X • Como isso pode nos ajudar a estimar melhor os parâmetros populacionais? Este teorema é importantíssimo para tal fim.
  • 9. Distribuição da Proporção Amostral (p’). p’~Binomial (p=0,25) n= 10 0.050.100.150.200.25 n= 5 0.10.20.3 n= 30 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.00 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 n= 30 p' 0.000.050.100.15
  • 10. Trabalho (Entrega 3/out) 1. Coletar uma amostra de uma variável aleatória com 50 observações. Faça uma breve análise descritiva desta amostra. 2. Suponha que a amostra coletada é uma população, da qual você irá gerar 100 amostras de tamanho n=5 Grupos de no máximo 3 alunos qual você irá gerar 100 amostras de tamanho n=5 observações. Gere os histogramas das médias e das variâncias amostrais. Mostre também: - A média e a variância das médias amostrais - A média e a variância das variâncias amostrais. 3. Repita o passo 2 para amostras de n=10, 15, 20, 25, e 30. 4. Interprete os resultados.