1. Peru & the Amazonia Flora, Fauna and Cultural Diversity
2. PERU & THE AMAZONIA History and Geography Demographic Information Environment and Biodiversity Challenges Climate Change, Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflicts Alternatives Public, Private, Civil Society and NGOs Initiatives Still Some Work Ahead
3. Peruvian Amazonia Some History February 1541: Francisco de Orellana, departed from Ecuador, to ‘El Dorado’. February 1542: reached the mysterious and torrent Amazon River. Named it after the Greek mythology. Las Amazonas!
4. Peruvian Amazonia Some History Century XIX: industrial revolution increased demand for rubber tree. Prosperity for colonizers Exploitation of indigenous people. 1979: Law ofNative Communities and Agricultural Development in the Low Jungle.
11. Peru & The Amazon River A fraternity belt: Amazon River 6,762 Km long. From Peru to the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil. 20% world sweet water supply. 56% world tropical rainforest. More than 1000 tributaries. Cultural, geographical, economical relevance for the Amazonia Region.
12. Demographic Information Total Population : 3.7 million (INEI 2007) of total 29 million. Indigenous Population: over 300 000 people. 53 ethnic groups and 13 linguistic families: Arahuaca (38.6%), Jíbaro (24%), Quechua (10.9%), Pano (9.1%), Cahuapana (6.5%), Tupi Guarani (3.4%), Peba-Yagua (1.7%), Huitoto (0.8%), Harakmbut-Harakmbet (0.6%), Tucano (0.3%), Zaparo (0.3%), Tacana (0.2%), Sin clasificación (3.6%) Most common languages: Spanish (official), Ashaninka and Aguaruna.
15. The Amazon Basin, geographical and cultural fraternity Shared tribes: The Ticuna people, living in Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Peru, Brazil and Colombia: yearly International Fraternity Festival “We were born in a region called, Amazonas. We are a special community, wild like our rivers and generous like our soils. We learn to drink water from the trees y and to wait until nature provides its sweet fruits” Vermelho (Fafá de Belém)
16. Peruvian Amazonia: Environment & Biodiversity Peru one of the most diverse countries in the planet. Identified 233 fruit species. 85 species located in the Peruvian forest Tropical fruits: main source of nutrients and income for the “rivereños” Entrepreneurs and NGOs contributing to preservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
17. Peruvian Amazonia: Environment & Biodiversity Identified more than 1,400 medicinal plants. Uncaria Tomentosa Fortify the immune system Jergon Sacha Treatment for Diabetes Huacapurana Fortify the bones Pasaje Paquito (Paquito Street): the Amazonia’s pharmacy. Here you can literally find a medicine for every pain. Traditional knowledge, mystery and faith!
18. Peruvian Amazonia: Environment & Biodiversity Vast hydrological resources. A conservative estimate: 2500 to 3000 species. Boquichico: Fishing in an fishing farm. Paiche(Arapaima Gigas) The giant of the Amazon
19. Climate Change Andes: water source to the Amazon. Floods in rainy season and extremely low river levels in dry seasons. Tropical forest: oxygen production, retain the excess of CO2 and balance water flow to the atmosphere. 2010 dry season. Extremely low rivers, local transportation and food supply severely affected!
20. Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflicts Government: Urgent need for improved controlling mechanisms. Exploitation: petroleum, natural gas and illegal mining. Logging, unsustainable farming and soil erosion . Increased poverty in rural areas.
21. Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflicts Peru: among 15 countries with major problems of illegal logging. Social conflicts: 48% about environment, extraction, and deforestation. 234 reported conflicts, 113 are socio environmental.
22. Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflicts Deforestation: a constant, uncontrolled problem in the Peruvian Amazonia. Alarming: Around 60% of the local economy relies on extractive activities
23. Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflicts Inside view, hospital in rural area (Iquitos-Nauta Highway). Poor infrastructure and sanitary conditions.
24. Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflicts Bagua conflict 2009: Against oil and lumber exploitation. 40 indigenous and 12 police men death. Agreement 169 ILO: Government must consult indigenous people over land and resources. Who is right? Who is wrong? Wake up call!: create alternative mechanism for development! Stop looking for responsibles, and start working on solutions!
25. Alternatives for Economic Growth Peruvian Amazonia:12000 species of plants, between 1 and 5 million species of fauna and abundant genetic resources. Economic potential: ecotourism, eco-farming, private conservation projects, research pharmaceutical products, green markets and many more… Promote: development, entrepreneurship and socially inclusive business. While respecting traditional livelihoods, knowledge and environment. We need to be cautious but also ambitious. For sure deadweight and inaction are not an option!
26. Private Conservation Projects & Eco tourism Community Based Ventures Forest Law 2000: Promote investment and provide legal security. promote economic development, preserve biological diversity, and local cultural values. Currently: 25 areas of private conservation. This enables to protect 131,866 Ha. Civil society and private sector working together!
27. Bio business & Green Markets Bio Business Investment and the efficient use of biological resources. Principles: Biodiversity conservation, community involvement and equity distribution. Can help to build capacity, knowledge and infrastructure. Potential for development at local, national, international level!
28. Bio Business Reaching International Markets Organic Cacao Peru has become the second largest exporter of organic cacao in the world, after Dominican Republic. Major markets: United States, Belgium, France, Switzerland and The Netherlands. ADEX: 20% increase in exports by July 2010.
29. Bio Business Reaching International Markets Camu Camu (Mriciarea Dubia) Amazonia fruit. It has high levels of vitamin C, and it is 30 times more acid than the orange. Good for juices, nectars, ice creams and marmalade. Major exports are to Japan, and the United States .
30. Bio Business Reaching International Markets Palmito or palm heart It’s a local product, used for salads. It has been successfully introduced in the French market. ADEX: Sales of approximately 828,000 US Dollars by August 2010.
31. Public and Private InitiativesNGOs in Action Handcraft Products Exposed in San Diego Museum (United States) Mi Esperanza (Mi Hope) Promotes participation and social inclusion. Joint initiative of the government institution PROCREL with the NGO WLC Peru (Wild Life Conservation). Government, NGOs and civil society working together!
32. NGOs contributing to the Education Reported: 17% of boys and girls are not even enrolled in schools, resulting on alarming rates of analphabetism. Dutch NGO Manguare, working on re introducing street children in to the schools, through diverse programs of education, day care and voluntarism.
33. Promote education in the region… Civil society in action to go from children in the streets to children in the schools!
34.
35. Empower Local farmers and entrepreneurs like.. Don Beder & family So, he can improve the local milk production business.
36. Empower Local communities like.. Nuevo San Martin in Iquitos Nauta highway So, they can improve their living conditions, they can have more productive farmlands and secure more education for their children
37. WE MUST ENCOURAGE Political transparency Community participation Respect for cultural values and traditions Education & innovation Research and understanding of natural resources Entrepreneurship Social inclusion
38. It is clear that we have lots to do.. However…small steps DO count! And all of US can do something to protect what is OURS. OUR PLANET, OUR RAINFOREST AND OUR FUTURE. COMMUNICATE VOLUNTEER RESEARCH SPREAD INFORMATION DO NOT STOP BELIEVING BE AWARE INVEST EDUCATE EMPOWER ADVOCATE SHARE
On February 1941, the explorer Francisco de Orellana, departed from Quito Ecuador, on the search of rich, fame, fortune and the Kingdom of ‘El Dorado’.A year later, February 1542, after a hazardous journey, suffering hunger, diseases, and being constantly attacked by indigenous tribes like Omaguas, Jíbaro and Aucas. The explorer and his people reached the mysterious and torrent Amazon River.Called like that, because of the wild, strong indigenous women that confronted them, reminding to those of the Greek mythology. Las Amazonas!On February 12, 1542, and after a search of several months, Spanish conqueror Francisco de Orellana discovered the Amazon river, an adventure that began in the Sierra. His travel companion the priest Gaspar Carvajal dedicates two books to describe their trip and adventures, called: “the good land and the kingdom of the Amazon” and “News from the Amazon”. On his chronicles he describes the existence of solid, structured societies. This societies had certain characteristics of urban lives, like high population density, wide roads and public places like squares and meeting points.Kingdom of the Amazons: showing by this his surprise to see an organized political struturehttp://www.auladeletras.net/revista/articulos/accurso.pdfhttp://www.yurileveratto.com/articolo.php?Id=9
The century XIX (1880 – 1914), industrial revolution and the global demand for raw materials like the rubber tree. This brought economic prosperity and development for the region and for the colonizers. However, those years were marked by exploitation, massacres and slavery to the indigenous people.After conflicting events between colonizers and indigenous communities, and weak legal frameworks, finally in 1979, was raised the law of Native Communities and Agricultural Development in the Low Jungle.Providing land property tittles to indigenous people, however extensions were significantly smaller .His companion and writer Priest Gaspar de Carvajal relates their journeys on his chronicles ‘News from the Amazon” and the ‘Good Land’Expedition tales, describes the first encounters with indigenous population as pacific and friendly. However this changed through the journey.http://www.iiap.org.pe/publicaciones/CD/documentos/L009.pdfhttp://www.iiap.org.pe/publicaciones/CD/documentos/L009.pdf
Hydrographic criteria: 967,922.47 km² (75.31% of Peruvian territory and approximately 16.13% of the whole Amazon basin)http://www.lonelyplanet.com/peru/amazon-basin/iquitosLocation: South East of the Peruvian territory.My City: The Capital of the Peruvian Amazonia Iquitos founded 1970.Total Area: 62% Peruvian territory. (756,866 Km2.)Climate: Equatorial and tropical. Average temperature 28C, characterized by frequent rains.Eco-regions: Low land Jungle (Omagua Region) 80 – 1000 meters above sea level. Highland jungle (Rupa Rupa) 1000 – 3500 meters above sea level.Hydrographic criteria: 967,922.47 km² (75.31% of Peruvian territory and approximately 16.13% of the whole Amazon basin)Geographic Locationhttp://www.wasai.com/eintro.htmhttp://www.boletindenewyork.com/imagenesdelaselva.htmLa Selva amazónica peruana, es uno de los principales pulmones del mundo. Su extensión de 756,866 km², divididos en Selva Alta o Bosque de Lluvias, Selva Baja o Bosque Tropical y Sábana de Palmeras, constituye la décima parte de todos los bosques del planeta. Es una zona de tierras altas muy fértiles, de tipo subtropical, que oculta una fauna y una flora abundantes, donde conviven diferentes hábitats. El Río Amazonas, su principal fuente de agua, que nace de la unión de los ríos Ucayali y el Marañón; tiene una profundidad aproximada de entre 10 y 30 metros. Su ancho varía entre 1.8 y 16 Km. Tiene una longitud aproximada de 6,500 km.; de los cuales 3,713 km. están en territorio peruano y en su recorrido se alimenta de más de 1,100 ríos afluentes, hasta su desembocadura en el Océano Atlántico. Es el más caudaloso del mundo y el más extenso, con un caudal promedio de 150,000 m³/seg. Deforestacionhttp://www.larepublica.com.pe/contracorriente/05/04/2010/amazonia-peruana
Peru is part of the biggest basin on the planet: the Amazonia Basin ( 7,165,281 km2).Shared among: Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela. Brazil contains 67% and Peru 13.37 %. Together they occupy more than 80% of the Amazon basin.Second country in Latin America and the 4th in the worldsPeru has the third largest extent of tropical forest in the world, after Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.the third largest tropical forest, after Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.http://archive.idrc.ca/library/document/101488/chap2_s.html
The mighty Amazon River, a belt of fraternity in the Amazonia.It has a length of 6,762 Km. It starts from the Mismi mountains in Arequipa Peru and ends in the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil.It contains 20% of the sweet water supply and around 56% of the tropical rainforest in the planet.It is of great commercial importance for the region. Its depth allows the transit of heavy vessels (300 meters depth) and its more than 1000 tributaries facilitate commerce in all the Amazon Basin.Cultural, geographical, economical relevance for the Amazonia Region.http://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/
Population - 2010 estimate 29,496,000 (40th)Total Population : 3´675,292 (INEI 2007)Indigenous Population: The Peruvian Amazon houses over 300 000 indigenous members of more than 50 ethnic groups. 332,975 (INEI 2007).53 Ethnic groups and 13 linguistic families: Arahuaca (38.6%), Jíbaro (24%), Quechua (10.9%), Pano (9.1%), Cahuapana (6.5%), Tupi Guarani (3.4%), Peba-Yagua (1.7%), Huitoto (0.8%), Harakmbut-Harakmbet (0.6%), Tucano (0.3%), Zaparo (0.3%), Tacana (0.2%), Sin clasificación (3.6%) Most common languages: Spanish (official), Ashaninka and Aguaruna.http://www.dar.org.pe/notas_prensa/program_Amazo.pdfhttp://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0902/index.htmhttp://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0902/index.htm
poblaciones extractivistas tradicionales que viven de la agricultura de subsistencia, de la microganadería y de la extracción de recursos naturales de la selva pluvial. El principal objetivo de esas unidades de conservación es proteger la cultura y la forma de vida de esas poblaciones, además de resguardar los recursos naturales en la zona (Proyecto de ley Nº 9.985, 18 de julio de 2000, Art. 18º, p. 7).http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1081&clang=3
‘Nacimos en una region, llamado Amazonas. Somos un pueblo especial, caudalososcomonuestrosrios y generososcomoellos. Aprendemos, tomaragua de lasfuentes y a esperar a que los arbolesnos den sus frutos maduros’En Leticia, tradicionalmente entre el 15 y el 20 de julio y desde hace ya 23 años se celebra este importante evento que reúne las muestras más destacadas del folclor, gastronomía y la etnocultura de Colombia, Brasil y Perú. Durante el certamen se realizan competencias deportivas que tienen lugar a orillas del río Amazonas y en las cuales participan los indígenas de la región, también se disputa la copa internacional de fútbol de confraternidad amazónica. Cada noche uno de los países participantes brinda un espectáculo folclórico representativo de su región.
Tropical forest conservation is essential for biodiversity protection!More than half of the world's estimated 10 million species of plants, animals and insects live in the tropical rainforests. The Peruvian ecologist and Minister of environment identified around 233 fruits and most of them come from the Peruvian forest.The diverse varieties of tropical fruits are a significant source of nutrients and income for the people, called “rivereños”, which is the population distributed along the Amazon Basin.Also, scientific community, entrepreneurs and NGOs are exploring the market opportunities for tropical fruits.http://www.amb-perou.fr/index.php?module=articles&controller=article&action=show&id=15&lang=esWorld's estimated 10 million species of plants, animals and insects live in the tropical rainforests. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolog%C3%ADa_de_la_selva_amaz%C3%B3nica_suroriental_peruanaPeruvian ecologist and Minister of environment, Antonio Brack identified 233 fruits. 85 species located in the Peruvian Foresthttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolog%C3%ADa_de_la_selva_amaz%C3%B3nica_suroriental_peruanahttp://www.mincetur.gob.pe/comercio/otros/perx/perx_loreto/pdfs/PERX%20Loreto.pdfhttp://www.freshwateraquariumplants.com/amazonbiotope/amazonriverfacts.html
http://elcomercio.pe/planeta/708312/noticia-sequia-amazonia-provoco-enormes-emisiones-carbono-201070 % of the world’s tropical glaciers in the Peruvian Andes. Main source of water to the Amazon comes from the Andes.Affect the normal river flow, floods in rainy season and extreme low in dry seasons.Affect the normal river flow, floods in rainy season and extreme low in dry seasons.Tropical forest: global environmental services like oxygen production, retain the excess of CO2 and to keep a balanced flow of water to the atmosphere.Tropical forest: global environmental services like oxygen production, retain the excess of CO2 and to keep a balanced flow of water to the atmosphere.Great part of the Amazonia still remains untouched. National and international organizations advocate for keeping it as a ‘world reserve’ to preserve bio diversity, tropical forest and to secure global environmental services like oxygen production, retain the excess of CO2 and to keep a balanced flow of water to the atmosphere.National and international organizations advocate for keeping it as a ‘world reserve’ to preserve bio diversity, tropical forest and to secure global environmental services like oxygen production, retain the excess of CO2 and to keep a balanced flow of water to the atmosphere.http://peru.panda.org/nuestro_trabajo/en_peru/programa_climatico/http://www.montipedia.com/noticias/deshielo-glaciares-andes.html
http://www.katoombagroup.org/~foresttr/documents/files/doc_995.pdfhttp://www.defensoria.gob.pe/conflictos-sociales/objetos/paginas/6/44reporte_84.pdfhhttp://www.rpp.com.pe/2011-03-25-casi-la-mitad-de-conflictos-sociales-en-el-peru-son-socioambientales-noticia_349049.htmlExploitation of natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gold and other minerals (hierro, bauxita, niobio, etc.), creates opportunity for economic development , however this has serious conflicts with environment conservation and sustainability.
Peru is among the 15 countries with major problems of illegal logging in the planet.Bajo Amazonas Rio ManitiIllegal logging breaches indigenous peoples rights and generates over-exploitation, slavery and poverty in the Peruvian jungle.48% of the social conflicts in Peru are related to the use of the environment, extraction, mining activities and deforestation. Currently, of the 234 reported conflicts, 113 are socio environmental.Non indigenous small scale extractors living in the forest margins. Budget constrained. Logs are extracted manually. Working conditions are deplorable. This shows that poor have no other choice than to exploit every resource available. For sure they are aware that by doing this, they are compromising their own future, however they just have no other choice. We must give them a choice!Non indigenous small scale extractors living in the forest margins. Budget constrained. Logs are extracted manually. Working conditions are deplorable. This shows that poor have no other choice than to exploit every resource available. Picture 1: non indigenous small scale extractors living in the forest margins. Their production systems indicate that they are capital constrained. Logs are extracted manually. They own no major capital items or processing facilities, such as saw mills. Almost all have only fluvial access to their contracted areas and almost two thirds of these are not accessible by barges. Overall, the data indicate that these extractors belong to the category to which small contracts were legally applicable Picture 2: By far the dominant and expanding group of timber producers consists of companies, who have circumvented the law and acquired multiple small logging contracts. This category of producers consists of migrants from other regions of Peru, who have moved to the regional capitals of Ucayali and Loreto to take advantage of business opportunities.
http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/2009/06/08/a-deadly-conflict-in-peru-over-a-rush-to-drill-for-oil-in-amazon-rainforest-how-culpable-is-the-us/Bagua conflict 2009: 30 deaths and 150 injured.Against decree law: open the Amazon for oil and lumber for exploitation.Agreement 169 ILO: Government is obliged to consult indigenous people over land and resources.Who is right? Who is wrong?Wake up call!: create alternative mechanism for development! Stop looking for villains, start working on solutions!Bagua conflict June 2009, resulted on 30 deaths and 150 injured.Decree law to open the Amazon to oil and lumber companies for exploitation, without consultation.Breach agreement 169 ILO (Peruvian government is obliged to consult indigenous people over land and resources)http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Peru.htmhttp://www.iwgia.org/sw32571.aspModels of development.Should indigenous communities accept Indigenous peoples have a serious of collective rights that goes beyond Decree Law 169 ILOPrinciples of the convention: The right to be consultedHave the right to decide own development conditionshttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@normes/documents/publication/wcms_118120.pdfConsultation with populations Sustainable development, extractive industry.Environmental sustainability. Forestry issuesWe have a lot to learn from indigenous people. Principles of their life and relationship with the environmentIt is not matter of keeping indegenos people in the stone age, Change our focus from extractive industryhttp://www.karikuy.org/blog/2009/06/08/understanding-the-conflicts-in-bagua/It is clear that we need to find ways to integrate development
The Peruvian Amazonia possess one of the major biodiversity reserves in the planet. It has more than 12000 species of plants, it is calculated that there exists among 1million and 5 million species of fauna and abundant genetic resources, much of this still under research.This gives the region a huge potential for economic activities like ecotourism, eco-farming, research on pharmaceutical products, green markets and to promote the use of alternatives ways of energy like solar panels.From the social perspective, the creation of alternative economies sets the platform for encouraging income generating in the region, by stimulating entrepreneurship, social inclusive business for indigenous and rural communities, while respecting their traditional livelihoods and environment.We need to be cautious, but also ambitious. For sure deadweight and inaction, should not be an option!
Community Based Ventures that enables tourism companies to partner with local communities. Legal instrument implemented in 2004 to promote investment and to provide legal protection.Common objectives: promote economic development, to preserve biological diversity, and to preserve local cultural values.Currently exist approximately 25 areas for private conservation. This enables to protect 131,866 Ha.Civil society and private sector working together!Developing a touristic operation in Peru is already a complicated task, and if we add to that the objective to preserve naturehttp://www.conservacionprivada.org/archivos/pdf/cartillaacp.pdfEcotourism: Is an activity that focuses on generating income for local economies, conservation efforts and managed tourism organizations.http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gCTvV5x0Dx2jHwjmhRy3swBSdhog (carbon trade)
Economic activity that promotes the investment, commerce and the efficient use of biological resources. It works under the principles of Biodiversity conservation, community involvement and fair equity distribution.World market tendencies are an opening new alternatives of economic growth. Key words for success are: building capacity, knowledge and infrastructure.Potential for local, national and international level!Deforestation, Poverty and Social Conflictshttp://diariolaregion.com/web/2011/03/24/produccion-masiva-de-alevinos-de-paiche/http://www.cepes.org.pe/apc-aa/archivos-aa/a8799f3db81457e2c81aac97d67afe96/II04DIAGNOSTICO_EN_LA_AMAZONIA.pdfhttp://www.amb-perou.fr/uploads/Peru_segundo_productor_mundial_de_cacao_organico.pdfhttp://proycontra.com.pe/showimages/pdf/recetasamazonicas.pdf
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos39/mercado-cacao/mercado-cacao.shtmlhttp://www.senasa.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/3/JER/CV/Documentos/Peru%20Mapa%20Exportador%20de%20Cacao%20Organico%202007.pdfhttp://www.actualidadambiental.pe/?p=3392Quees el biobusinesscuales la parte especial?
Porqueesbiobusines. Como trabajancomocontribuye al desarrollo local?
The Capital from the Peruvian Amazonia, Iquitos is densely populated, unemployment rates are high, extreme poverty is latent, disrupted families and little government intervention, force children to go to the streets and start working at an early age. It was reported that one fourth of children are not going to school. 17% of boys and girls are not even enrolled in schools, resulting on alarming rates of analphabetism.Dutch NGO Manguare, working on re introducing street children in to the schools, through diverse programs of education, day care and voluntarism.
He is forest engineer and a local milk producer.Teaches his children a neighbors good farming practices.Always willing to help
