European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform (ESPP) www.phosphorusplatform.eu Sustainable management of nutrients is crucial for agriculture, food, industry, water and the environment. ESPP brings together companies and stakeholders to address the Phosphorus Challenge and its opportunities for the circular economy. Countries: Austria AT Belgium BE Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Czech Republic CZ Germany DE Denmark DK Estonia EE Spain ES Finland FI France FR Greece EL Hungary HU Ireland IE Italy IT Lithuania LT Luxembourg LU Latvia LV Malta MT Netherlands NL Poland PL Portugal PT Romania RO Sweden SE Slovenia SI Slovakia SK United Kingdom UK Switzerland CH Phosphorus: Fosfor Fosfor Fòsfòr Фосфор Fosfor Фосфор Fosfor Fosfor Фосфор Фосфор Fosforas Fosfors Fuosfuors Fosfor Ffуsfforws Fosfar Fosfaras Fosfaar Fosforus Φωσφορος Ֆոսֆոր Fosfor Fosfor Фосфор Фосфор ফসফরাস فسفر ફૉસ્ફરસનો फास्फोरस Fosfor Fosfori Foszfor Фосфор Фосфор Паликандур Fosfor Fosfor Фосфор Фосфор Фосфор Фосфор Fosfor فوسفور Fosfor Fosforoa ფოსფორი [fūsfūr] זרחן Fosfru Lìn リン 인 ฟอสฟอรัส Photpho 磷 Posporo Fosfor Pūtūtae-whetū Fosforus ഫോസ്ഫറസ് பொஸ்பரசு Fosofo Fosforase Posfori Fósforo Phusphuru Fosforimi Fosforo Fosforon Pesticium

1. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 2
Ludwig Hermann (Outotech) & Chris Thornton (ESPP)
info@phosphorusplatform.eu
www.phosphorusplatform.eu @phosphorusfacts

2. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 3
Phosphorus recycling
A long history

3. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 4
P-recycling inputs
 Livestock manures
 Wastewater treatment
 Food wastes
 Meat & Bone Meal Ash
 Agro-industry, industrial
 Biofuels,biomaterials

4. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 5
P-recycling drivers & synergies
 Biological Nutrient Removal
-Anammox - DEamMON - etc
 Anaerobic digestion / biogas
 Food waste
 Water reuse
 EcoSan
 Organic farming nutrient needs
 Soil carbon
 Circular Economy

5. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 6
P-recycling routes
 Sewage biosolids to land
- after hygienisation,digestion,composting
- recycles P,N,organic C
- issues with contaminants (real or perceived),
water content,logistics …
- certification systems (e.g.REVAQ)
 Use of wastewater or biosolids to feed
- energy or bio-materials crops
- algae aquaculture

6. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 7
Success story:
Cooperl farmers’ cooperative,Brittany
• 400 000 t/y manure processed to organic fertiliser product
- 150 000 t composted poultry litter
- 150 000 t dried poultry manure
- 100 000 t pig manure (1 100 farms)
• Nutrients adapted for specific crops
• Export to other
regions of France

7. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 8
Success story:
KOTO AlgaeBioGas,Llubljana
• 13 000 t/y household and industry food waste
converted to biogas
• 30 m2 pilot algae pond fed with digestate
• Algae used for energy production,
fertilisers or bioplastics

8. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 9
P-recycling routes
 Adsorption to produce a fertiliser
- Organic by-products: posidonia,straw, …
- (Calcinated) shells,minerals …
- Biochar (porous)
Still at R&D stage
 Ion-Exchange
 Membranes
- e.g.mineral concentrates from manures
 Electro-chemical cells
 ….

9. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 10
Success story:
Polonite filter beds
Natural calcium silicate
Binds P and reduces pathogens
P-enriched = fertiliser
Use in farm drainage ditches, manure,
septic tank discharge, sewage treatment
 EcoFiltration AB http://ecofiltration.se/
 PhosphoReduc LLC http://phosphoreduc.org/

10. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 11
P-recycling routes
Phosphate precipitation
- struvite,K-struvite,brushite
- synergy with biological P removal
and anaerobic digestion
- upstream or downstream of dewatering
- can combine with sludge hydrolysis
e.g.Cambi,Eliquo Stulz,Exelys,Pondus …

11. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 12
Success story:
Timac: struvite as maize starter fertiliser
• Recovered struvite
• Non-burning, enabling “ultra localisation” by roots
• Micro-granulation
• Ammonium addition for nutrient balance
Ostara – next presentation

12. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 13
P-recycling routes
Phosphate leaching from sludge
- acid leaching: Gifhorn (Seaborne), Stuttgart
 high chemical consumption (pH 3-5 then pH 8.5-10)
- Budenheim process: compressed & cycled CO2 see SCOPE Newsletter 103
 1 m3 industrial pilot will be operational Mainz end 2016
Electro-thermal production of White Phosphorus (P4)
- RecoPhos process purchased by ICL 2015
see SCOPE Newsletter 120

13. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 14
P-recycling routes
Use of P-rich ashes in fertiliser production processes
- Chicken manure ashes,slaughterhouse rendering ashes (MBM)
 sold directly as fertiliser,useful in fertiliser production
(Saria UK, Fibrophos UK, Honkajoki Finland, BMC Moerdijk Netherlands, EkoVäx Sweden ….)
- Sewage sludge incineration ash
 work ongoing to use in fertiliser production
(ICL Amsterdam, Ludwigshaven)
 issues with Mg,Fe,Al
See SCOPE Newsletter 115 & 113

14. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 15
Success story:
Ecophos P-recycling from sewage sludge
• Pilot plant operational Varna, Bulgaria
• Produce DCP (Di Calcium Phosphate) for fertilisers, animal feed
• Full-scale plant under construction Dunkerque, France
capacity: 200 000 t/y DCP from low grade P-rock and ash
• Contract to treat 60 000 t/y ash from Netherlands (SNB – HVC Groep)
= 4 000 t/y P
See SCOPE Newsletter 111

15. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 16
Success story:
Kanton Zürich Switzerland
• 72 wwtps now deliver
100 000 t/y dewatered sludge
to central mono-incinerator
- 94% vote “Yes” in local referendum
- commissioned 2015
- delivers 15 000 t/y ash for P-recycling
- 40% operating cost savings by energy efficient dryer
• 3,3 M CHF pilot P-recovery installation under construction
- acid P leaching P, solvent extraction  phosphoric acid
See SCOPE Newsletter 119

16. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 17
Three success stories
• Molly Biedenfeld, Ostara, Vice President, Nutrients Market
Development and Sales, Ostara: marketing Crystal Green®
struvite recovered from municipal sewage treatment plants
• Marc Caligaris, Suez International, Technical & Innovation
Division, : phosphorus recycling through sewage biosolids
valorization, different route including particular compost
• Rakesh Govind, PRD Tech, President, one of the EPA manure
Nutrient Recovery Challenge awards: simultaneous recovery of
nitrogen and phosphorus from waste streams

17. IWA-WEF Nutrient Recovery and Recycling, June 2016 – 18
Ludwig Hermann (Outotech) & Chris Thornton (ESPP)
info@phosphorusplatform.eu
www.phosphorusplatform.eu @phosphorusfacts