Disability understanding guide for youth – Unit 1

1. Specialised training for summer workers to
provide accessible and reliable services to
customers with disabilities and disadvantages in
HORECA sector
IO2: Disability understanding guide for youth –
Unit 1
2018-1-BG01-KA202-047904

2. Unit 1: "Definitions and types of disabilities, and
the likely associated access requirements of
people with various disabilities"
Chapter 1: Raising awareness about accessibility for
people with disabilities
Chapter 2: How to provide accessibility
Chapter 3: Definitions and types of disabilities

3. Chapter 1: Raising awareness about
accessibility for people with disabilities
1.1. Raising awareness on disability and anti-
discrimination
1.2. Awareness of available policies on active
accessibility
1.3. Collaboration between the employee and
employer to ensure implementation of accessible
provision of services
1.4. People’s first language

4. 1.1. Raising awareness on disability and
anti-discrimination
ANTI DISCRIMINATION & DISABILITY -> UN Convention on Rights of PWD
 Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the
freedom to make one’s own choices, and independence of persons
 Non-discrimination
 Full and effective participation and inclusion in society
 Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as
part of human diversity and humanity
 Equality of opportunity
 Accessibility
 Equality between men and women
 Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and
respect for the right of children with disabilities to preserve their
identities.

5. 1.2. Awareness of available policies on
active accessibility
The objectives of the European Disability Strategy 2010-2020 are pursued by actions in eight
priority areas:
1. Accessibility: make goods and services accessibleto people with disabilities and promote
the market of assistive devices.
2. Participation: ensure that people with disabilities enjoy all benefits of EU citizenship; remove
barriers to equal participation in public life and leisure activities; promote the provisionof
quality community-basedservices.
3. Equality: combat discriminationbased on disability and promote equal opportunities.
4. Employment: raise significantly the share of persons with disabilities working in the open
labour market. They represent one-sixth of the EU's overall working-age population, but their
employment rate is comparatively low.
5. Education and training: promote inclusive education and lifelong learning for students and
pupils with disabilities. Equal access to quality education and lifelong learning enable
disabled people to participate fully in society and improve their quality of life.
6. Social protection: promote decent living conditions, combat poverty and social exclusion.
7. Health: promote equal access to health services and related facilities.
8. External action: promote the rights of people with disabilities in the EU enlargement and
international development programmes.
www.ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1137

6. 1.3. Collaboration between the
employee and employer to ensure
implementation of accessible provision
of services
 Some guidelines
 The employee should contact the employer if s/he faces any issues
towards accessible service provision to a customer.
 Where needed, the employershould provide training about accessible
service provision.
 The employer should have knowledge about accessibility laws and
apply them.
 An open mind, creativity and teamwork are needed when barriers
appear, so as to involvecolleagues if needed in order to find a solution
to a problem.

7. 1.4. People’s first language
People’s first language Language to avoid
Person with a disability The disabled, handicapped
Person without a disability Normal person, healthy person
Person with an intellectual,
cognitive,developmental
disability
Retarded, slow, simple, moronic,
defective or retarded, afflicted,
special person
Person with an emotional or
behavioral disability,person with a
mental health or a psychiatric
disability
Insane, crazy, psycho, maniac,
nuts
Person who is hard of hearing Hearing impaired, suffers a
hearing loss
Person who is deaf Deaf and dumb, mute
Person who is blind/visually
impaired
The blind

8. People’s first language Language to avoid
Person who has a
communicationdisorder, is
unable to speak, or uses a
deviceto speak
Mute, dumb
Person who uses a wheelchair Confined or restricted to a
wheelchair, wheelchair bound,
the one who cannot walk
Person with a physical disability Crippled, lame, deformed,
invalid, spastic
Person with epilepsyor seizure
disorder
Epileptic
Person with multiplesclerosis Afflictedby MS
Person with cerebral palsy CP victim
Accessible parking or bathrooms Handicapped parking or
bathroom

9. People’s first language Language to avoid
Person of short stature, small
people
Midget, dwarfs
Person with Down syndrome Mongoloid
Person who is successful,
productive
Has overcome his/her disability,
is courageous
Person who has (or has been
diagnosed with) autism
The autistic, the weirdo
“Every individual regardless of sex, age, race or ability
deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. As part of
the effort to end discrimination and segregation — in
employment,education and our communities at large —
it’s important to eliminate prejudicial language.”*
* www.tcdd.texas.gov/resources/people-first-language/

10. Chapter 2: How to provide accessibility
2.1. How to cope with barriers

11. 2.1. How to cope with barriers
A disabilityis only disabling when it prevents someone from doing what
they want or need to do. When people withdisabilities are
accommodated, their disabilities don’t limit theirability to fully participate
in social, tourism, entertainmentactivities.
 Attitudinal
 Organizational or systemic
 Architectural or physical
 Information or communications
 Technology

12. Attitudinal barriers are behaviours, perceptions, and assumptions
that discriminate against persons with disabilities. These barriers
often emerge from a lack of understanding, which can lead
people to ignore, to judge, or have misconceptions about a
person with a disability.
How can you do better?
 Avoid making assumptions about a client’s disability or
capabilities; many people with disabilities talk about being
frustrated with people assuming what they can or cannot do
 Respect the privacy of client’s with disabilities, don’t stare at
them or keep checking if they need something else
 Insist on professional, civil conduct between and among clients
to respect people’s differences and create an inclusive
environment
 Engage in the accommodation process at your
company/service in good faith and implement appropriate
accommodations.

13. Organizational or systemic barriers are policies, procedures, or
practices that unfairly discriminate and can prevent individuals
from participating fully in a situation. Organizational or systemic
barriers are often put into place unintentionally.
How can you do better?
 Identify and clearly express essential information content (such
as events in the hotel, attractions that will happen, emergency
information, etc.) and provide flexibility so that clients can
express their understanding of the content in multiple ways.
 Encourage clients to speak to you about accessibility issues in
the place or about what was offered by the company and
the quality of it in their point of view (make it verbally, virtually
or written).
 Remember to check if there is accessible options to provide
service, such as braille, sign language, space for wheelchairs,
etc. if not, talk to your employer about such situations that you
faced or are likely to face.

14. Architectural or physical barriers are elements of buildings or
outdoor spaces that create barriers to people with disabilities.
These barriers relate to elements such as the design of a building’s
stairs or doorways, the layout of rooms, or the width of halls and
sidewalks.
How can you do better?
 Reserving seating for clients with disabilities in every
environment of the hotel;
 Making lighting adjustments in the rooms, such as eliminating
glare by closing blinds or drapes;
 Making sure the client can hear you well and no external
sounds are bothering them;
 Arranging to meet a client in an alternate place if your room is
not accessible;
 Providing ramps in entrances for wheelchair clients and
accessible toilets.

15. Information or communications barriers occur when sensory
disabilities, such as hearing, seeing, or learning disabilities, have not
been considered. These barriers relate to both the sending and
receiving of information.
How can you do better?
 Make your information if possible available in slides, handouts or
other accessible formats (including electronically via e.g. the
website);
 Provide all clients with an organized, well-written, and complete
map of the environment and what they provide towards
accessibility;
 Be prepared to improvise, write information on a paper so the
client can read or even apply body language, be prepared to
have patience and explain things more than once, be
prepared to help the client to write things down or even take
them to where they are supposed to be, be prepared to get
out from behind the table and provide the information you
supposed to give quality, be prepared to give your best, always.

16. Technology barriers occur when a device or technological
platform is not accessible to its intended audience and
cannot be used withan assistive device. Technology can
enhance the user experience, but it can also create
unintentional barriersfor some users. Technology barriers are
often related toinformation and communications barriers.
How can you do better?
 Ask your employerif their website and apps are
accessible, if not give them an advice that this could
attract more clients;
 If a client comes to you to ask for informationof what is
writtenor appearing on the screen, give support and
clear information.

17. Chapter 3: Definitions and types of
disabilities
People with …
a) mobility impairments
b) visual Impaired
c) hearing Impaired
d) learning Disability
e) communication Impaired
f) hidden disabilities/Medical Conditions
g) mental health problems/Intellectual Disabilities

18. People with mobility impairments
 Paraplegia
 Quadriplegia - C1 injury
 Quadriplegia - C2 injury
 Quadriplegia - C3 injury
 Quadriplegia - C4 injury
 Quadriplegia - C5 injury
 Quadriplegia - C6 injury
 Quadriplegia - C7 injury
 Quadriplegia - C8 injury
 Hemiplegia
 Cerebral palsy
 Monoplegia
 Dystrophy
 Polio (or poliomyelitis, infantile
paralysis)
 Absent upper limb/reduced
upper limb function
 Absent lower limb/reduced
lower limb function

19. Paraplegia
 Paraplegia is almost always the result of damage to the
brain, spinal cord, or both. In most cases, spinal cord injuries
to the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spinal cord are to blame.
When these injuries occur, signals cannot travel to and from
the lower regions of the body.

20. Quadriplegia - C1 to C4 injury (High-
Cervical Nerves)
Most severe of the spinal cord injury levels
Paralysis in arms, hands, trunk and legs
Patient may not be able to breathe on his or
her own, cough, or control bowel or bladder
movements
Ability to speak is sometimes impaired
It requires complete assistance with activities
of daily living, such as eating, dressing,
bathing, and getting in or out of bed

21. Quadriplegia – C5 (Low-Cervical
Nerves)
 Person can raise his or her arms and bend
elbows
 Likely to have some or total paralysis of
wrists, hands, trunk and legs
 Can speak and use diaphragm, but
breathing will be weakened
 Will need assistance with most activities

22. Quadriplegia – C6 (Low-Cervical
Nerves)
 Nerves affect wrist extension
 Paralysis in hands, trunk and legs, typically
 Can speak and use diaphragm, but breathing
will be weakened
 Can move in and out of wheelchair and bed
with assistive equipment
 Little or no voluntary control of bowel or
bladder, but may be able to manage on their
own with special equipment.

23. Quadriplegia – C7 (Low-Cervical
Nerves)
 Nerves control elbow extension and some finger
extension
 Most can straighten their arm and have normal
movement of their shoulders
 Can do most activities of daily living by
themselves
 Little or no voluntary control of bowel or bladder,
but may be able to manage on their own with
special equipment.

24. Quadriplegia – C8 (Low-Cervical
Nerves)
 Has nerves control and some hand
movement
 Can do most activities of daily living by
themselves
 Little or no voluntary control of bowel or
bladder, but may be able to manage on
their own with special equipment.

25. Hemiplegia
For many people with
hemiplegia, the conditionis a
temporary one, but others may
struggle with hemiplegiafor the
rest of their life. Some of the
ways hemiplegia affects the
body include:
 Total or partial loss of
sensation on just one side of
the body
 Can happen changes in
cognition, mood, or
perception
 Difficulty speaking
 Changes on the other side of
the body, since those
muscles may begin to
atrophy or become painful
due to chronic muscle
spasms
 Spastic attacks during which
the muscles move without
your conscious control
 Seizures

26. Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that
affects a child’s movement, motor skills, and
muscle tone. Cerebral palsy can be caused by
brain damage that develops while the baby is still
in utero or during or shortly after birth.
CP can lead a number of other medical
conditions, such as:
 Speech problems
 Learning disabilities
 Problems with hearing and vision
 Emotional issues

27. Monoplegia
Monoplegia is paralysis limited to a single limb:
 usually an arm only gets affected
 or just to a single muscle
 most people with monoplegia are able to care
for themselves, perform daily tasks, and find
ways to work around their symptoms

28. Dystrophy
 Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that
cause progressive weakness and loss of
muscle mass
 In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes
(mutations) interfere withthe production of
proteins needed to form healthy muscle
 There are many different kinds of muscular
dystrophy. Symptoms of the most common
varietybegin in childhood, mostly in boys.
Other types don't surface until adulthood
 There's no cure for muscular dystrophy. But
medications and therapy can help manage
symptoms and slow the course of the disease

29. Polio
 Polio (also known as poliomyelitis)it is a
viral disease which may affect the spinal
cord causing muscle weakness and
paralysis
 The polio virus enters the body through
the mouth, usually from hands
contaminated withthe stool of an
infected person
 Polio is more common in infants and
young children and occurs under
conditions of poor hygiene

30. Absent upper limb/reduced upper
limb function
Upper limb reduction defects occur when a part of or the entire
arm (upper limb) of a foetus fails to form completely during
pregnancy. Some potential difficulties and problems include:
 Difficulties with normal development such as motor skills
 Needing assistancewith daily activities such as self-care
 Limitations with certain movements, sports, or activities
 Potential emotional and social issues because of physical
appearance

31. Absent lower limb/reduced lower limb
function
Lower limb reduction defects occur when a part of or
the entire leg (lower limb) of a foetus fails to form
completely during pregnancy. The defect is referred to
as a “limb reduction” because a limb is reduced from its
normal size or is missing, some potential difficulties and
problems include:
 Difficulties with normal development such as motor
skills
 Needing assistancewith daily activities such as self-
care
 Limitations with certain movements, sports, or
activities
 Potential emotional and social issues because of
physical appearance

32. Visual Impaired
 Low vision (when it is "not enough visionto do
whateverit is you need to do," which can vary from
person to person)
 Severe loss of vision (visual field of 20 degrees or less)
 Complete loss of vision (means you cannot see
anything and DO NOT see light. (Most people who
use the term "blindness" mean complete blindness)
 Color-blind
(is the reduced ability to perceive certain colours, us
ually red and green. It is
a hereditary defect and affects very few tasks)
 Tunnel vision (defective sight in which objects
cannot be properly seen if not close to the centre
of the field of view).

33. Hearing Impaired
 Mild loss (Have difficulty following
speech in noisy situations)
 Moderate loss (Have difficulty following
speech without a hearing aid)
 Severe loss (Require powerful hearing
aids or an implant)
 Profound loss (Need to rely mainly on
lip-readingand/or sign language, or
an implant).

34. Learning Disability
 Dyslexia (a general term for disorders that
involve difficulty in learning to read or interpret
words, letters, and other symbols, but that do
not affect general intelligence)
 Dysgraphia (appear as difficulties with spelling,
poor handwriting and trouble putting thoughts
on paper)
 Dyscalculia (specific learning disability in
math)
 Amnestic syndrome (Dissociative amnesia;
Lacunar amnesia; Korsakoff's syndrome etc.)
(a group of disorders that involve loss of
memories previously established, loss of the
ability to create new memories, or loss of the
ability to learn new information).

35. Communication Impaired
 Speech Disorder (can affect the vocal cords,
muscles, nerves, and other structures within the
throat, making difficult to talk)
 Language Disorder (are disorders that involve the
processing of linguistic information. Problems that
may be experienced can involve grammar,
semantics, or other aspects of language)
 Hearing Disorder (it is a partial or total inability to
hear)
 Central Auditory Processing Disorders (have a hard
time hearing small sound differences in words,
example: Someone says, "Please raise your hand,"
and you hear something like "Please haze your
plan.")

36. Hidden disabilities/medical conditions
 Gluten allergy (Wheat allergy is an allergic reaction to foods
containing wheat. Allergic reactions can be caused by
eating wheat, but also, in some cases, by inhaling wheat
flour)
 Glucose intolerance (is an umbrella term for metabolic
conditions which result in higher than normal blood glucose
levels – hyperglycemia)
 Diabetes (a disease in which the body’s ability to produce or
respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in
abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels
of glucose in the blood)
 Heart diseases (generally refers to conditions that involve
narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a
heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke)
 Crohn disease (is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes
inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to
abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and
malnutrition).

37. Mental health problems/Intellectual
disabilities
 Bipolar disorder (It is a mental illness that brings
severehigh and low moods and changes in sleep,
energy, thinking, and behaviour)
 Schizophrenia (a long-term mental disorder of a
type involvinga breakdownin the relation
between thought, emotion, and behaviour,
leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions
and feelings, withdrawalfrom realityand personal
relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense
of mental fragmentation)
 Anorexia (an emotional disorder characterized by
an obsessive desire tolose weight by refusing to
eat and provokingvomit).

38. Thank you for your attention!