Looking Swabhawaparambada through Modern Point of view

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* Corresponding author: Amit Swarnakar,
E-mail address: dramit.swarnakar@gmail.com
Available online at www.ijrpp.com
Print ISSN: 2278 – 2648
Online ISSN: 2278 - 2656 IJRPP | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | 2013 Review article
Looking Swabhawaparambada through Modern Point of view
Dr.Amit Swarnakar
SRF (Ayurveda) NEIARI, Kamrup(Dist), Guwahati, India -781028
ABSTRACT
In Ayurveda a special emphasis has been given to the concept of Swabhawaparambada (Natural Destruction).
Swabhawaparambada has been described in 16th
chapter of Charka Sutrasthana that is “Chikitsaprabhritiya
adhyaya”. Except Charaka Samhita the detail description of Swabhawaparambada has been found not up to the
mark. The meaning of Swabhawaparambada is “natural destruction”. The meaning of uparam is destruction
therefore Swabhawaparam means natural destruction. In the Jalpakalpataru tika of Charka Samhita, acharya
Gangadhara has mentioned that there is natural destruction of dharma and rupa and there is no cause behind
their destruction. Chakrapani has clarified regarding the matter and said that “destruction without any cause is
known Swabhawaparambada”.
KEYWORDS: Swabhawaparambada, Natural destruction, Charka Sutrasthana.
INTRODUCTION
Our body are made up of many billions of cells.
Each is derived from a single fertilised cells or
zygote. Many rounds of cell division through
embryogenesis and fetal and post natal
development lead to the formation and maturation
of different tissues, organs, their supporting
structures and associated networks of nerves, blood
vessels and lymphatic system. Almost all body
cells have nucleus containing DNA encoding the
proteins necessary to allow differentiated cell
development, function and often senescence and
programmed death.2
Ayurveda also accepts that the human body to be
made up of millions and millions of cells and they
cannot be seen by the help of naked eye because
they are very micro in structure and for the sanyoga
(connection) and biyoga(disconnection) of these
cells vayu, karma(action) and swabhaw(nature) are
responsible3
. Ayurveda says that our body has
seven types of dhatus and they carry out different
functions of the human body. The dhatus are
namely – Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja
and Sukra. The dhatus of the body are produced by
having good quality of food. After digestion the
aahara rasa is produced and this rasa is
responsible for the formation of other dhatus of the
body by necessary dhatupaka4
. But these dhatus
are mortal and they have a specific age after which
they also die. Charaka has given clear cut
description in Ch/Su/16/27 sloka that the factors
which are responsible for the formation of dhatus if
for some reasons are abnormal then it would lead to
production of abnormal dhatus and if become
normal then normal dhatus are produced but the
destruction of these dhatus are natural and there are
no reasons behind this5
.Chakrapani has clarified
this matter and said that there is reason behind the
evolution of any bhava padarthas and they exist
for some time periods and perform their respective
functions and after that they die and in their death
there are no reasons behind it6
.Susruta and other
acharyas have also accepted the concept of
Swabhawaparambada. The falling of teeth has
been described as a natural process7
.
Looking Swabhawaparambada through Modern
Point of view
The question arise how do the cells work? Cells use
a large number of clearly defined signalling
pathways to regulate their activities. These
signalling pathways fall into two main groups
depending on how they are activated. Most of them
are activated by external stimulants and function to
transfer information from the cell surface to
internal effector systems. However, some of the
signalling system responds to information
generated from within the cells, usually in the form
of metabolic messengers. For all of these signalling
pathways information is conveyed either through
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2. Amit Swarnakar, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-2(3)2013 [491-493]
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protein – protein interaction or it is transmitted by
diffusible elements usually referred to as second
messengers. Cells often employ a number of these
signalling pathways and cross talk between them is
an important feature8
. So, because of these
phenomenon if the signalling transported by one
cell to another is abnormal then abnormal
information goes to another cell and the process
continues but if the signal is normal then the things
happening inside the cell also become normal. The
cells transport these signals through many
pathways. The above mentioned phenomenon can
be seen in our Ayurvedic concept during dhatu
formation. It’s all signalling and nothing else and
the modern people also accept the concept of
natural destruction because of cellular aging.
Cellular aging is a biological process and it is
termed as Senescence.
Senescence or biological aging is the endogenous
and hereditary process of accumulative changes to
molecular and cellular structure disrupting
metabolism with the passage of time, resulting in
deterioration and death. Senescence occurs both on
the level of the whole organism (organismal
senescence) as well as on the level of its individual
cells (cellular senescence). The science of
biological aging is bio gerontology. Cells are also
producing in the body and they perform their
activities for some particular period of time and
one diploid cell lose the ability to divide, normally
after about 50 cell divisions in vitro.Some cells
become senescent after fewer replication cycles as
a result of DNA double strand breaks, toxins, etc.
This phenomenon is also known as "replicative
senescence", the "Hayflick phenomenon", or the
Hayflick limit in honour of Dr.Leonard Hayflick,
co-author with Paul Moorhead, of the first paper
describing it in 1961. In response to DNA damage
(including shortened telomeres), cells either age or
self-destruct (apoptosis, programmed cell death) if
the damage cannot be easily repaired9
.
Programmed Cell Death
Programmed cell death, an induced and ordered
process in which the cell actively participates in
bringing about its own demise, is a critical factor in
the homeostatic regulation of many types of cell
population, including those of the hematopoietic
system. Cells undergoing programmed cell death
often exhibit distinctive morphologic changes,
collectively referred to as apoptosis. These changes
include a pronounced decrease in cell volume,
modification of the cytoskeleton to result in
membrane blebbing, a condensation of the
chromatin, and degradation of the DNA into
smaller fragments. Following this morphologic
changes, an apoptotic cell shades tiny membrane
bounded apaptotic bodies containing intact
organelles. Macrophages quickly phagocytose
apoptotic bodies and cells in the advanced stages of
apoptosis. This ensures that their intracellular
contents, including proteolyic and other lytic
enzymes, cationic proteins and oxidizing molecules
are not released into the surrounding tissues. In this
way, apoptosis does not induce a local
inflammatory response. Each of the leukocytes
produced by the haematopoiesis has a characteristic
life span and then dies by programmed cell death.
In the adult human, for example there are about
5*1010
neutrophils in the circulation. These cells
have a life span of only a few days and then die by
a programmed cell death. This death, along with
constant neutrophil production maintains a stable
number of these cells. If programmed cell death
fails to occur then leukemic state may develop.
Programmed cell death also plays a role in
maintaining proper numbers haematopoietic
progenitor cells10
.
CONCLUSION
From the above facts it can be seen that the
concept of Swabhawaparambada is flourishing day
by day and it is one the important factor for the
human body to survive. Many genes are also
responsible for the programmed death of the cells.
Nothing is static in our human body and they are in
a constant change. Day by day cells are producing
in the body and after performing their function
after which used to get their natural death. So in the
present article regarding the cancer tumour,
scientists are put forwarding the same concept of
natural death by the help of immunotherapy and are
trying to keep the cancer cells in dormant stage.
The human body are also trying to keep the cancer
tumours in dormant stage or permanent dormancy
with the help of Senescence programming.
Research is going throughout the world by
applying the concept of natural death11
and I hope
we can get a fruit full solution and be able to win
the war against cancer.
REFERENCE
[1] Dr. Lakshmidhar Dwivedi, Ayurved Ka Mool Bhut Siddhanta, P-17
[2] Chaudhury, Human Physiology, P- 02
[3] Charak Samhita, Sarirsthana, 7th
chapter, sloka number 17.
[4] Dr.Lakshmidhar Dwivedi, Ayurved Ka Mool Bhut Siddhanta, P-18
[5] Vidya Dhar Shukla, Charak Samhita Sutrasthana 17th
Chapter, 16 number sloka.
[6] Dr.Lakshmidhar Dwivedi, Ayurved Ka Mool Bhut Siddhanta, P-18.
[7] Dr.Lakshmidhar Dwivedi, Ayurved Ka Mool Bhut Siddhanta, P-19.

3. Balasubramanian J et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-2(3) 2013 [491-493]
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[8] Michael J. Berridge , Cell Signalling Biology _ Module 2 _ Cell Signalling Pathways.
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence.
[10]Richard A Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne, Kuby Immunology, P-30-31.
[11]Milestone of Cancer Research: Arresting Cancers Rather Than Killing Them,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130203212411.htm.
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