1. ...an international “shadow world” of military urban
research institutes and training centres that have been established
to rethink military operations in cities could be
understood as somewhat similar to the international matrix
of elite architectural academies. However, according to
urban theorist Simon Marvin, the military-architectural
“shadow world” is currently generating more intense and
well-funded urban research programs than all these university
programs put together...
Eyal Wiezman, Lethal Theory
Flexibility

2. Unexpected Source of but as the very medium that the and feed-back is considerably shorter work so well even though there in
Inspiration troops moved through fluently in a in this field than in any other form most cases are conflicts that should
In the essay “Lethal Theory” by Eyal fractalized and irregular manner. of architectural practice where be recognized and accepted. The
Weizmann we are introduced to the “results” can only be collected after idea of the small military unit that
“This space that you look at, this room many years, if given any notice at operates as a part of a bigger network
spatial military strategies of the IDF
that you look at, is nothing but your all. This is regrettably something or swarm is also problematic in
(Israeli Defence Force). By reading interpretation of it. Now, you can stretch
architectural theory the strategist that has devastating implications terms of resolving the big issues. Big
the boundaries of your interpretation, but
gained a radical understanding of for the people affected by it, and investments and changes take time
not in an unlimited fashion, after all, it
space that was instrumental for must be bound by physics, as it contains causes sufferings that is difficult to and should do so. Where it could be
them in their planning and that gave buildings and alleys. The question is, how imagine. The sudden intrusion by a inspirational is for all the stuff that
them a strategic advantage over the do you interpret the alley? Do you interpret military force into the private domain needs to happen in between this.
Palestinian forces that they were the alley as a place, like every architect and is extremely traumatizing and the How can we test out new ideas based
every town planner does,to walk through, ultimate humiliation for the people on an understanding of space that
fighting against. In the fights in
or do you interpret the alley as a place who are victimized by it. This also is as open as what General Kokhavi
Nabulus in 2002 a military strategy
forbidden to walk through? challenges the belief that studies speaks about and that we can read
was implemented that was based on
- Brigadier General Aviv Kokhavi in philosophy and humanities has about in Doreen Massey’s texts?
completely liberating oneself from
the common conception of the basic a civilizing effect when one takes To introduce an operative unit that
There is a “shadow world” of into account what this extremely could function just as fluently as
elements of the city. The street, the
military academies that deal with pragmatic reading of spatial theory the ideas that you are testing out.
alley, the plaza and the buildings
urban warfare that have a number has led to. This is probably not what And that could be as efficient in
that constitutes them. The practice
of traits in common with academic the author imagined, even though responding to the feed-back as it is in
of “walking through walls” was
institutions of architecture around Deleuze has said that it doesn’t matter implementing the change.
introduced as a result of this, and
the world that in many ways do more if you understand all of his texts. You
the troops moved through the fabric
well-funded research on urbanity could use parts of it as you yourself
of the city through holes by blasting
than all of the traditional institutions saw fit...
with explosives or by knocking holes
put together. One of these traits is
with sledgehammers. No streets,
the overlap of texts that are regarded If we for a moment choose not
doors or public spaces were used.
as essential for both (Deleuze, to focus on the negative sides of
But the buildings that defined these
Focault, Guattari, and Debord). The this example and rather look at
elements were completely saturated
biggest difference is that the military the effectiveness between theories,
with the forces that moved through
academies are more successful in practice and feed-back, one can be
walls, floors and ceilings in an
testing out and putting these theories inspired. To use the terms “enemy”
irregular pattern. The strategy that
into practice. This is because the and “allied” in a discussion regarding
was used defined an understanding
Video stills of Israely military “Walking through Walls” Work by Gordon Matta-Clark challenging the conception of space distance between theory, practice planning and urbanity might not
(Eyal Wiezmann,Lethal Theory) (From Gordon Matta-Clark by Corinne Diserens, Phaidon) of the city not as the site of war,

3. ARCTIC TERRAIN
REINDEERHERDING SAMI
POPULATION
INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE
CARBON FOSSILE MARINE HYDRO POWER
RESOURCE RESOURCES RESOURCE
NON-SAMI
SUMMER GRAZING SUMMER GRAZING SEASONAL MIGRATION WINTER GRAZING
POPULATION
COSTAL SAMI POPULATION EXTRACTION OF
HANDICRAFT RESOURCES
WIND POWER
RESOURCE
MINERALS
SUBTERANEAN RESOURCE
OIL & GAS
US military diagram showing the components of the urban structure. Diagram showing some of the components of the arctic region.
(Eyal Wiezmann,Lethal Theory)

4. From Symetry to Asymetry. Manipulation of cultural difference “Relationships among the operating soldiers create what we
Wa
ha bi W
“Formless” rival enteties
dichotomizing conception and perception
nar
ch ists
ale
call “a community of practice”: Operative and tactical commanders
on
nA
depend on one another and learn the problems through
ar M r i
From Network Cermic-Based Analysis to Cyrbernetic-Driven Synthesis
Ve
l
ach ode at
oc ine t -M R
ity Pos as
constructing the battle narrative. . . . Action becomes knowledge
Vs e m
Nomadic Terrorists
.R st
hy Sy
th e
m
s hi
zom
and knowledge becomes action. . . . Without the possibility of a
The DIalectics of Operational Processing
From Locus to Globus: Imitation of War
R
Systemation of Operational Learning
Logical determinants e
Th
Energy Injection
Logic Disruption
decisive result, the main benefit of operations is the very improve-
Methodology - Content
Between Objectivism
Between
Constitution and Symbolism
Sources Extraction Between Difference
and Repetition: ment of the system as a system”
and Prostitution The DIalectics of
“Walking on the Systemation on Structuring
wild side” Operational Manouver and Structure
Formative Implications
“Theory is important for us in order to articulate the gap
Networking
Swarming
p
O
between the existing paradigm and where we want to go. . . .
Non-Contiguity le era
ar ti
ni on
ng a
Without theory, we could not make sense of different events that
l
th co
happen around us and that would otherwise seem disconnected. . .”
Hetrogenous Mileus
Complex systems ro m
For ug m
ce- h an
ion Ap D d
tr uct n
lea
rnin plica is Sy
co s
Des - ructio Fractal Manouvers g M tion ur tem
st ech as
De con Strike-Driven Raids ani
cs
a se
Shimon Naveh, retired brigadier general
From Decition to Strike Relativization of Strategic Action
and director of the Operational Theory Research Institute.
Shimon Naveh’s PowerPoint slide marking “connection” between
theoretical categories that inform his operational theory.
Note most categories refer to work of Deleuze and Guattari.
(from “Lethal Theory” by Eyal Wiezmann)

5. Hierarchical System withouth Lateral Connections
Fractal System where units
work independently together Rhizomatic System where all parts are equally important
To the left: Video Stills from Vimeo showing a Swarm of Birds in Flight.
(http://vimeo.com/18813015)

6. Panorama showing the Landscape and the people and animals who inhabit it
Persons found on Facebook
Animals that are shown are endangered species observed in that same area (source artskart.no)

7. Panorama showing the Landscape and the people and animals who inhabit it
Persons found on Facebook
Animals that are shown are endangered species observed in that same area (source artskart.no)

8. PLANNED MINING AREA NATIONAL PARKS DISTRICT 34 ABORASSA
IN KAUTOKEINO MUNICIPALITY
REINDEER MIGRATION GRAZING LAND BY SEASON PLANTS AND ANIMALS AROUND BIEDJOVÁGGI
THROUGH KAUTOKEINO MUNICIPALITY SPRING - AUTUMN - AUTUMN/WINTER
INFRASTRUCTURE IN KAUTOKEINO IMPACT OF INTERVENTION IN NATURE HERDERS BASE AND
ROADS - SKIDOO PROTECTION OF PRISTINE LAND REINDEER MILLS

9. Activities on the grazing fields
čakča - Autumn
KARASJOK
MUNICIPALITY
TROMS
COUNTY
giđđa - Spring
There are 12 “units” of herd- the Eira family, for three years in in Biedjovággi. During that time vággi area for calving. In addition
ers that operate in Abborassa their trek through Finnmark. The the reindeers are captured into there ca. 3000 reindeer that mi-
1 of 1
(district 34) along with 20 other Eira family lives in Biedjovággi mills (“kverna”) and separated grate through whole district.
herders that operate in a smaller area during the autumn and the either in group for slaughter or Around easter, most of the “units”
scale. spring. calves to be vaccinated. gather for celebrate, where wed-
The photographs above are taken dings are daily and competitions
from the book, Boazojahki, Four Autumn Spring in sled race, ice-fishing or lasso-
seasons with the reindeer people In the autumn season there a During the spring season there throwing are signified for the fes-
N by the photographer Trym Ivar ca. 8000 reindeers (including the are ca 5500 reindeers in the dis- tive mood for the herders.
0
Scale 1 : 250 000
1 2 3 4 5 Bergsmo. He lived and migrated calves) that migrate and graze in trict. Approximately 2500 of those
Kilometer with unit of reindeer herders, the district, there of 2000 animals animals, use the land in Biedjo-

10. IMPACTS OF INTERVENTION OF MINING
CONTAMINATED AREA SINCE
PREVIOUS MINING ACTIVITY
DEVELOPMENT-AREA FOR
ARCTIC GOLD AS WITH
The reindeer herders in district When it comes to the municipality unique in that task, namely to exemplifies that the resources
34 have experienced that min- of Kautokeino, they didn’t´make protect the pristine land. We get can be used up in short period of
ing activities in the area, leave any premises for the mining com- little help from local authorities, time. It is unfortunately also bad
large damages (roads, quarries, panies when they left in the past. even though that they are positive news for us that the government
mud ponds) in the landscape and Back then there weren’t´any na- to such activities. has granted 100 million NOK for
grazing soil is permanently lost. ture conservation act or miner- It has unfortunately also experi- mapping mineral resources in
The mining activities have also als act, but according to Nils Isak enced. The plan for the gold min- northern Norway, especially in
had impact on animals and plants Sara, district-manager in Abbo- ing in Biedjovággi, that stretches Finnmark then.
KAUTOKEINO TOWN
in the area. In the past the min- rassa, those acts do not protect over 19 km, can create 100 new
ing didn’t´take any responsibil- the grazing land if the authori- jobs, but for how long is uncer- Interview with Nils Isak Sara,
ity to re-vegetate or clean up the ties don´t have the will to follow tain. There have been 2 periods manager for District 34
N fields after the mining activity was these acts. So, reindeer herding, of mining industry before, from
Scale 1 : 100 000
0 1 2 3 4 5
closed. as such a small industry, is quite 1970-1975 and 1985-1991 that
Kilometer

11. THREATENED SPECIES AROUND BIEDJOVÁGGI
Larus canus Gulo gulo Anas strepera Canis lupus
Carex tenuiflora Carex cespitosa Lemna trisulca Botrychium boreale
N
0 1
Scale 1 : 100 000
2 3 4 5
Arctophila fulva Salix hastata Coenagrion lunulatum Alauda arvensis
Kilometer

12. FLEXIBILITY
“Når det gjelder spørsmålet om tilpasning, så er vi (og reinen) jo sågar nødt til ,,...to think ecologically is to think about fluent, adaptive systems that incorpo-
å tilpasse oss, vi har ikke noe annet valg. Det er jo mange som sier at reinen kan rate feedback and change.“
tilpasse seg allslags utbygginger, men hva annet valg har reinen?
Et annet moment er jo at gruveselskapene har en tendens til å utvide undersøkels- ,,It means that your thinking has to be every bit as fluent and adaptive as the kind
es/driftsområdene, så gir man dem “lillefingeren, så tar dem hele hånda”. det har of systems that you are talking about. In other words you can not apply rigid or
vi dessverre også erfart.” dogmatic principals to systems that are themselves fluent, adaptable, changing
and always incorporating feedback.“
“When it comes to the question of adaptation, then we (and reindeer) the even have to adapt, we have no choice. There’s many who say
that the deer can adapt to all kinds of developments, but what other choice have reindeer?
Another factor is that mining companies tend to expand the investigation / operation areas, you give them “the little finger, then take ,,...a way of thinking that mirrors the dynamism of ecological systems them-
them all the hand”, it has unfortunately also experienced.” selves.“
Nils Isak Sara, Gregory Bateson, Steps to an Ecology of Mind
reindeer herder and manager of district 34 Abborassa
Abandoned Mining Area In Biedjovággi in 1991 Mining Area In Biedjovággi in 1975

13. What can Israeli military strategies teach us? was instrumental in “letting people talk” and letting
the participants meet on equal terms. This was also
The openness of the organization of the military mentioned by Svein Harald Holmen as important
unit that Eyal speaks of is inspirational for me and in his work in Vardø in when he arranged meetings
something that I hope could be implemented into with representatives of authority and locals. He also
a more peaceful situation. The proximity between emphasizes the importance of dealing with tasks of
where the theories are developed, where decisions a manageable size and that small communities need
are made and effects are assessed is also something to address incremental changes in order to tackle
that should be strived for. The smartness of the them. The big plans collecting dust in some drawer at
system is based on an understanding of the different the office of the local municipality only made people
units being able to self-govern themselves within a depressed because it reminded them that “nothing
framework of an understanding of a common goal. ever happens here”. The Operational Theory Institute
in this context is thus the lavvu meeting and this is
Who defines the unit? In an area like Kautokeino where ideas could be developed, implementation
and Biedjovaggi that is faced with challenges that planned and where the effects should be assessed.
are proportionally out of scale compared to the The example of the IDF shows us that an open
size of the community new strategies should be understanding of space is essential to achieving a
developed. The picture of Kautokeino describes discussion that takes into account all possibilities.
just a fragment of the complexity of the society it
constitutes and should be kept in mind. The point
here is not to oppose change and to say that mining
for instance is always wrong, but that the problem
arises when a flexible system like the reindeer
herding business meets a less flexible system like
open-cast mining. The lavvu meeting is good image
of the kind of interaction that needs to take place.
T he Operational T heor y Institute Ande Somby emphasized the role of the lavvu in
times of crisis and how the architecture of the lavvu