This document discusses stock health management in aquaculture. It provides examples of how disease outbreaks can be caused by environmental stressors exacerbating existing pathogens. Case studies of Chile's salmon industry show how unsustainable practices like overcrowding and lack of sanitation led to catastrophic losses from diseases like Infectious Salmon Anaemia. The document also categorizes common infectious and non-infectious fish diseases and assigns an assessment for students to prepare a report on a stock health issue affecting a locally relevant aquaculture species.
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2011 plan stock health 2. recap on pests, predators and diseases
1. SFIAQUA505B Plan stock
health management
Recap: Fish Health Management
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 1
2. Stock health management
• A wide variety of parasites and
pathogens can and do infect fish
• Most disease agents are naturally
present in low numbers
• NOT usually a problem… but…
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 2
3. Stock health management
• Disease rarely results from simple contact
between the fish and a pathogen…
• Example 1:
• 1995 & ‘98 pilchard kill:
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 3
SARDI
4. Stock health management
• Disease rarely results from simple contact
between the fish and a pathogen…
• Example 2:
• 2006 Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis:
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 4
VADA
5. Stock health management
• Disease rarely results from simple contact
between the fish and a pathogen…
• Environmental problems, such as poor
water quality, or other stressors often
contribute to the outbreak of disease
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 5
6. Stock health management
• Environmental problems, such as poor
water quality, or other stressors often
contribute to the outbreak of disease
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 6
7. Stock health management
• Case Study 1
• Chile's salmonid farming
industry, second only to Norway
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 7
http://www.thefishsite.com/articles/427/chile-salmon-and-trout-report-april-2008
8. Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA)
2007
http://en.mercopress.com/2009/10/27/chilean-salmon-industry-expects-worst-production-ever-in-2010
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 8
management - Introduction
9. Stock health management
• Case Study 1
• Chile's salmonid farming
industry, second only to Norway
• 2008 -> 750,000 T
• 2010 -> half that
• Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA)
Caligus (sea lice) Plan stock health management - Introduction
August 10 SFIAQUA505B 9
10. Abandoned farms
http://www.ourrivers.ca/video-library-mainmenu-29/salmon-farming-chile
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 10
management - Introduction
11. Abandoned boats and equipment
http://www.ourrivers.ca/video-library-mainmenu-29/salmon-farming-chile
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 11
management - Introduction
12. Abandoned workers and jobs
http://www.ourrivers.ca/video-library-mainmenu-29/salmon-farming-chile
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 12
management - Introduction
13. Chile salmonid farming industry
1990 – 2008 RIP
• Case Study 1
• Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA)
• Unsustainable growth
• Overcrowding
• Poor sanitation practices
• Reliance on antibiotics & drugs
• Catastrophic losses
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 13
management - Introduction
http://en.mercopress.com/2009/10/27/chilean-salmon-industry-expects-worst-production-ever-in-2010
14. Stock health management
Types of Fish Diseases
• There are two broad categories of
disease that affect fish,
• Infectious and
• Non-infectious diseases.
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 14
15. Stock health management
Types of Fish Diseases
• There are two broad categories of
disease that affect fish,
• Infectious and
• Non-infectious diseases.
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 15
16. Stock health management
Infectious Fish Diseases
broadly categorized as:
• parasitic
• bacterial
• viral
• fungal diseases
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 16
17. Stock health management
NON-Infectious Fish Diseases
broadly categorized as:
• Environmental
• Nutritional
• Genetic
August 10 SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health management - Introduction 17
18. Stock health management
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 18
management - Introduction
19. Assessment for this Unit *
• Case study:
– A stock health issue affecting a culture species of
your choice (local?)
– Prepare a report covering the
• Disease
• Species
• Treatment options
• Issues (regulatory etc)
• Other
* Assessment matrix will be posted on Moodle. As will a Report Template &
More detail soon
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 19
management - Introduction
20. Assessment for this Unit (cont.)
• Case study:
• Tuna
• Oysters
Choose one:
• Marine fin-fish Choose a sector that
• Abalone interests you, is
• Salmonids relevant, preferably one
• RAS you can visit…
• Hatchery
• Other?
SFIAQUA505B Plan stock health
August 10 20
management - Introduction
The largest recorded fish kill in Australian waters (the world?) occurred in southern Australia between late 1998 and early 1999. Dead pilchards on the south coast of Western Australia were estimated at 28 000 t. The origin of the infectious agent that caused the massive kill is still unknown although scientists have hypothesised that the herpes virus may have been introduced via imported baitfish.Epidemic was centred in Pt Lincoln at peak of Tuna season.It spread rapidly east and west to Byron Bay NSW and to Geraldton, WA.Up to 5 tonnes per day of frozen imported bait fish fed to 75 tuna cages daily for 5 monthsHerpes-like virus responsible is not destroyed by freezing.
May 2006 Abalone begin dying in an abalone farm near Port Fairy VIC. Symptoms are unusual.Latest info suggests it is an Australian virus (not exotic) accidentally introduced to the farm with breeding stock from another part of the country (Dr Matt Landos pers. comm.).Exposing a naïve population to a virulent pathogen can do this.The Vic wild abalone (sessile) had never been exposed to this virus (from Tasmania)and are extremely susceptible to it, despite being the same species as the Tas abalone..
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms present in the environment or carried by other fish. They are contagious diseases, and some type of treatment may be necessary to control the disease outbreak. Non-infectious diseasescaused by environmental problems, nutritional deficiencies, or genetic anomalies; they are not contagious and usually cannot be cured by medications. Assessment case study: pick either of these
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms present in the environment or carried by other fish. They are contagious diseases, and some type of treatment may be necessary to control the disease outbreak. Non-infectious diseasescaused by environmental problems, nutritional deficiencies, or genetic anomalies; they are not contagious and usually cannot be cured by medications.
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms present in the environment or carried by other fish. They are contagious diseases, and some type of treatment may be necessary to control the disease outbreak. Non-infectious diseasescaused by environmental problems, nutritional deficiencies, or genetic anomalies; they are not contagious and usually cannot be cured by medications.
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms present in the environment or carried by other fish. They are contagious diseases, and some type of treatment may be necessary to control the disease outbreak. Non-infectious diseasescaused by environmental problems, nutritional deficiencies, or genetic anomalies; they are not contagious and usually cannot be cured by medications.