A p4proxy is used to provide remote access to a Perforce server without replicating the full database. It acts as a stateless bridge between clients and the main server. The document discusses using a p4proxy with an alternate transport like UDP to improve file transfer speeds over high latency networks, as TCP performance was insufficient. It implemented a commercial UDP solution from Aspera that increased transfer rates to 1 GB in a couple minutes, allowing for near-real time mirroring between sites. The stateless nature of the p4proxy allows for innovative solutions like abandoning TCP in favor of UDP to optimize WAN data transfers.