The Use of Organic Herbicides
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The Use of Organic Herbicides in Environmental Weed Control
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The Use of Organic Herbicides
- 1. Weed Management Society of SA Third SA Weeds Conference 8-9 May 2012 The use of organic herbicides in environmental weed control Tim Marshall www.tmorganics.com
- 2. Tim Marshall • Founder & first Chairperson of NASAA (first Australian organic certifier) • First IFOAM Standards & Certification Manager (world peak body) • Director of TM Organics • Writer, trainer, consultant • Weed, The Ultimate Gardeners Guide To Organic Weed Control, ABC/Harper Collins, 2010 www.tmorganics.com
- 3. Tim Marshall • TAFE Horticulture and chemical use • Chemical Users Project (MLR) • Local Government Training Authority • Herbicide & alternatives (TMO) • MLRCP(Manager Local Government) • Revegetation (Greening Australia, Regreen the Range, MLR Quarries etc) www.tmorganics.com
- 4. Organic herbicides are only one technique applied by organic farmers with relevance to environmental weed control Thermal: flame, hot water, steam, black plastic (stolons), solarisation Environmental manipulation (pH adjustment, Cation balancing, nitrogen restriction) Alternative tillage
- 5. What are organic herbicides? Organic herbicides are plant based Include: • Vinegar • Plant essential oils and their extracts
- 6. What are organic herbicides? Organic herbicides are plant based Include: • Vinegar • Plant essential oils and their extracts • BioWeed Control ® pine oil fractions • Weed Zap ® clove, cinnamon & cottonseed oil, oleic & lauric acid, lactose & water
- 7. How do organic herbicides work? • Dissolve the outer layer of leaves and seeds (lipids) • Cause plants to desiccate (requires warm dry weather) • Work very fast in temperatures above 30o
- 8. No resistance to organic herbicides? • Conventional herbicides target chemical pathways within plants, stopping physiological processes • Plants can dispose of, isolate or avoid chemicals and substitute other pathways to manufacture plant products • Organic herbicides target fundamental plant structures –resistance requires overcoming millions of years of evolution
- 9. What are organic herbicides? • Vinegar • Extracts from plant essential oils • BioWeed Control ® pine oil fractions • Weed Zap ® clove, cinnamon & cottonseed oil, oleic & lauric acid, lactose & water
- 10. How are organic herbicides used? Organic herbicides can be applied by • Spraying • Painting • Soil drench (to control seed) Organic herbicides do not affect lignified (woody) plant parts including stems and plant roots
- 11. How are organic herbicides used? Organic herbicides are not selective in their action but they can be selective in use • Remove rosette stage from native grass (growing point of grass is protected versus wide target area of rosette) • Stop seed production
- 12. How are organic herbicides used? Organic herbicides are fast acting (15 minutes) when temperature is high (especially if humidity is low) The short time-frame for effective kill means field workers can observe the effect of their actions without having to return to the field a week later (as with glyphosate).
- 13. How are organic herbicides used? Organic herbicides have no withholding period (stock can be returned to pasture once plants are dry) and have a short period of activity in the soil In normal use organic herbicides are exceptionally safe for operators
- 14. Disadvantages of organic herbicides 1. Organic herbicides are not selective 2. They require high temperature (and ideally low humidity) 3. They are expensive 4. They require high volumes of water, high volume pumps and large nozzles
- 15. Advantages of organic herbicides 1. Organic herbicides are very safe to use for the operator and in public areas 2. They work very quickly in ideal weather conditions 3. They do not harm plant stems or roots 4. They can be used to provide a selective action, & may be applied by spraying, painting or drenching
- 16. Availability of organic herbicides Three or four commercial organic herbicides are available • BioWeed Control (pine extract) • Weed Zapp (clove and other ingredients) • Slasher (synthetic pelargonium oil) • Yates vinegar In the US a variety of other products are based on clove, cinnamon and citrus oil