about hydrogen peroxide

2.  Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H₂O₂ In its pure form, it is a
colourless liquid, slightly more viscous than water; however, for safety reasons it is normally
used as a solution. Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an oxygen–
oxygen single bond) and finds use as a weak oxidizer, bleaching agent and disinfectant.
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", is a reactive oxygen species and has
been used as a propellant in rocketry. Hydrogen peroxide is often described as being "water but
with one more oxygen atom", a description that can give the incorrect impression of significant
chemical similarity between the two compounds.
Hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂

3.  While they have a similar melting point and appearance, pure hydrogen peroxide will explode if
heated to boiling, will cause serious contact burns to the skin and can set materials alight on
contact. For these reasons it is usually handled as a dilute solution (household grades are typically
3–6% in the U.S. and somewhat higher in Europe). Its chemistry is dominated by the nature of its
unstable peroxide bond.

4.  Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is a colourless liquid that resembles water in many respects. Its physical
properties are very similar to those of water, except that it is 40% denser. The main difference between
hydrogen peroxide and water, however, is in its chemical behaviour.
 The boiling point of H₂O₂ has been extrapolated as being 150.2°C, approximately 50 °C higher than water.
In practice hydrogen peroxide will undergo potentially explosive thermal decomposition if heated to this
temperature. It may be safely distilled at lower temperatures under reduced pressure.
PROPERTIES

5. Aqueous solution
 In aqueous solutions hydrogen peroxide differs from the pure material due to the effects of
hydrogen bonding between water and hydrogen peroxide molecules. Hydrogen peroxide and
water form a eutectic mixture, exhibiting freezing-point depression; pure water has a melting
point of 0 °C and pure hydrogen peroxide of −0.43 °C, but a 50% (by volume) solution of
the two freezes at −51 °C. The boiling point of the same mixtures is also depressed in
relation with the mean of both boiling points (125.1 °C). It occurs at 114 °C. This boiling
point is 14 °C greater than that of pure water and 36.2 °C less than that of pure hydrogen
peroxide.

6. Uses of hydrogen peroxide
 H2O2 is a powerful but harmless disinfectant and germicide and used to clean wounds .
 It is used as a bleaching agent for delicate textiles , wool , ivory , silk and wood pulp .
 Highly concentrated solution of H2O is used as an oxidant for "Rocket Fuel" .
 Hydrogen Peroxide solution is used to restore colour of 'oil paintings' which contain lead paints .
 H2O2 is used as an oxidising agent in the laboratory .

8.  Hydrogen peroxide is prepared by Merck's process. In this method calculated quantities of sodium peroxide to ice
cold dilute 20% solution of sulphuric acid. 30% of hydrogen peroxide is obtained by this process.
 Na2O2 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O2
 Pure hydrogen peroxide is obtained by reacting BaO2 with an acid.
 BaO2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + H2O2
 3BaO2 + 2H3PO4 → Ba3(PO)4 + 3H2O2
 Phosphoric acid is preferred to H2SO4 because soluble impurities like Barium per sulphate tends to decompose
H2O2 while H3PO4 is act as preservative ( negative catalyst ) for hydrogen peroxide.

9. Hydrogen peroxide is manufactured by the electrolysis of 50% sulphuric acid followed by vacuum distillation. Here 30% of pure hydrogen
peroxide is obtained.

11.  hydrogen peroxide is blue but loses its shade when diluted with water. Nonetheless, the reason as to why
hydrogen peroxide is considered as a disinfectant is because of its chemical properties. Primarily it’s a
weak acid which means its pH is beneath 7- which is the pH of water. Hydrogen peroxide disinfectant is
a lowering agent subsequently it is ready to change the chemical elements of various substances. This is
caused by the fact that it’s a sturdy oxidizer. As for that reason, hydrogen peroxide is commonly utilized
in paper bleaching. Nevertheless, the first motive as to why it is a disinfectant is because of its highly
reactive nature thus being categorized as a (ROS) reactive oxygen species

12.  Ensuing from its antimicrobial agent property, hydrogen peroxide matches to be referred to as a
disinfectant. Which means it is ready to kill micro organism present on any floor quickly. When hydrogen
peroxide disinfectant is sprayed onto a floor with micro organism, it’ll quickly cut back the components of
the organisms, on account of it’s a sturdy oxidizer. The toxicity of the peroxide will finally variety holes on
the membrane of the bacteria inflicting it to die. Ensuing from its effectivity and effectiveness, hydrogen
peroxide has been authorised by the United States meals and drug administration as a safe method to
remove dangerous bacteria.

13.  For many years, chlorine has been the usual chemical used for the needs of water purification.
Nonetheless, water producers have come to comprehend the risks triggered by way of
chlorinated water. It’s as a result of when chlorine reacts with natural matter, chlorinated
hydrocarbons are formed. Moreover signs led to by consuming chlorinated water are actually
being associated to some sure sorts of cancer. This later led to using hydrogen peroxide
disinfectant for water treatment. This was so due to the distinctive chemical properties of
hydrogen peroxide. One amongst which is splitting into its constituents- water and oxygen- i. e.
it purifies using oxidation.

14.  Hydrogen peroxide can equally be utilized in air disinfection, which is a fundamental activity in our properties
that must be accomplished regularly. Most people use humidifiers to extend the humidity of indoor air and
likewise cope with quite a lot of sickness symptoms at home. Utilizing the humidifier continuously requires
occasional cleaning to kill the microorganisms which is likely to be present on it. Hydrogen peroxide disinfectant
is the actually useful chemical for disinfecting a humidifier. Hydrogen peroxide is principally a water molecule
with an additional oxygen atom. When it encounters microorganisms, the additional oxygen atom will then
detach itself from the peroxide molecule and fix itself to the microorganisms. This then exposes the germs for
environment friendly disinfection, after which clear water is used to rinse the humidifier and allowed to dry prior
its subsequent use.

15.  Using hydrogen peroxide disinfectant has numerous advantages. Due to this it is principally most popular
by many dwelling house owners and enterprise owners. First, on account of its reducing properties
hydrogen peroxide is ready to totally destroy pathogens and harmful micro organism by puncturing holes
into the perimeters of their membranes. Another benefit of hydrogen peroxide disinfectants is that they
are low-cost and obtainable in industrial along with medical shops due to this fact decreasing the charge
which may have been made when ordering the merchandise from the manufacturing companies. Lastly,
hydrogen peroxide can be comparatively protected to utilize when put next it to completely different
disinfectants.