Blog – What is next for 3D printing – April 2021. 1. How 3D printing is changing the world - https://www.creativebloq.com/features/12-ways-3d-printing-changed-the-world 2. Canada trails other countries with the adoption of 3D printing - https://www.3dnatives.com/en/results-from-3d-printing-sentiment-index-show-global-growth-despite-pandemic/ 3. Five myths about 3D printing - https://www.rcgt.com/en/insights/five-myths-about-3d-printing/ 4. Canada has issues with productivity - https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/productivity or https://www.imd.org/news/updates/IMD-2020-World-Competitiveness-Ranking-revealed/ 5. Canada is falling behind on its competitiveness https://www.businesscouncilab.com/work/canada-is-falling-behind-and-has-no-plan-to-get-ahead/ 6. 3D printing of houses - https://www.3dsourced.com/guides/3d-printed-house-2/ 7. EMEA a global hub for 3D printing - https://www.epo.org/news-events/news/2020/20200713.html 8. Canada needs to do more to promote innovation through grants and tax policies open to everyone - https://www.visualcapitalist.com/national-innovation-the-most-innovative-countries-by-income/. The goal of any govt is not to pick winners and losers. 9. Canada trails many countries in terms of automation - https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/robot-race-the-worlds-top-10-automated-countries 10. How 3D printing can help the environment - https://all3dp.com/4/7-ways-3d-printing-helps-you-become-eco-friendly/

1. 3-D PRINTING – MARKET
ANALYSIS AND
COMMENTARY –

2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO
Contact information: paul_young_cga@hotmail.com
CPA, CGA
Academia (PF1, FA4,
FN2, MU1. and MS2)
SME – Risk
Management
SME – Close,
Consolidate and
Reporting
SME – Public Policy
SME – Costing and
Profitability Solutions
SME – Emerging
Technology
SME – Business
Process Change
SME – Financial
Solutions
SME – Macro/Micro
Indicators
SME – Supply Chain
Management

3. AGENDA
 What is 3-D Printing
 What’s next for 3D Printing
 How does it work
 What is next?
 Market Size
 Market Growth
 Key Players
 Canada and 3-D Printing
 Material break through
 Key Investments
 Applications
 Alloys
 Camper
 Bridges
 Affordable Housing
 Poverty Advocate
 Architecture & Design
 Leading Countries – 3D Printing Adoption

4. WHAT IS 3-D
PRINTING
3D printing or additive manufacturing is a
process of making three dimensional solid
objects from a digital file.
Source – http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-
printing/

5. HOW DOES IT WORK
 It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to create. This virtual design is for instance a CAD (Computer Aided
Design) file. This CAD file is created using a 3D modeling application or with a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D
scanner can make a 3D digital copy of an object.
 3D scanners
3D scanners use different technologies to generate a 3D model. Examples are: time-of-flight, structured / modulated light,
volumetric scanning and many more.
 Recently, companies like Microsoft and Google enabled their hardware to perform 3D scanning, for example Microsoft’s Kinect. In
the near future digitizing real objects into 3D models will become as easy as taking a picture. Future versions of smartphones will
probably have integrated 3D scanners.
Currently, prices of 3D scanners range from expensive professional industrial devices to $30 DIY scanners anyone can make at
home.
 3D modeling software
3D modeling software also comes in many forms. There’s industrial grade software that costs thousands a year per license, but
also free open source software, like Blender, for instance.
When you are a beginner and the amount of choices are a bit overwhelming, we recommend to start withTinkercad. Tinkercad has
a free version and it works in browsers that support WebGL, for instance Google Chrome. They offer beginner lessons and has a
built in option to get your object printed via various 3D printing services.
 Source – http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/

6. WHAT’S NEXT FOR 3D PRINTING
Source - https://www.industryweek.com/technology-and-iiot/article/21119848/whats-ahead-for-3d-printing-in-2020?utm_source=IY+IW+Daily+Headlines+-
+Morning&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200107006&o_eid=5043J5608590J0J&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C5043J5608590J0J&oly_enc_id=5043J5608590J0J
As we close another year of progress in 3D printing, it’s an ideal time to take a moment to predict what innovations will unfold in the
year ahead.
The widely followed 2019 Wohlers Report predicts worldwide spending for all 3D printing products and services will hit $15.8
billion in 2020 and continue to accelerate, reaching $23.9 billion in 2022 and $35.6 billion by 2024.
This market expansion is largely the result of improvements in 3D printer technology, including higher parts quality, manufacturing-
grade accuracy and repeatability, as well as an expansion of available materials. In addition, 3D printing solution providers are using
machine learning (ML) for heightened process control. All of this has resulted in significantly better Overall Equipment Effectiveness
(OEE) and larger addressable markets
Manufacturers across industries are now imagining new ways to apply this technology, first and foremost with an eye toward
personalization. Think, electric cars and buses in automotive; prosthetics, orthotics, dental care and organ modeling in life sciences;
custom shoes, belts, jewelry and eyewear — you name it — in consumer goods, all personalized and all improved by the lightweight
durability of 3D printed parts. Beyond lightweighting, 3D printing can also improve parts and product performance through better fluid
management and energy absorption.
Bold manufacturers are beginning to “think in 3D” from the outset. Consider these recent examples of major industries using the
technology in real ways.

7. MARKET SIZE
 According to a new market research report "3D Printing Market by Printer Type,
Material Type (Metals, Plastics, Ceramics & Others), Material Form (Powder,
Liquid, Filament), Process, Technology, Software, Service, Application, Vertical
and Geography - Global Forecast to 2022", the 3D printing market is expected to
reach USD 30.19 Billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 28.5% between 2016 and
2022. Factors such as 3D printing evolving from developing prototypes to end-user
products, mass customization, production of complex parts, government
investments in 3D printing projects, and improvements in manufacturing efficiency
are expected to drive the growth of the 3D printing market.
 Source: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/3d-printing.asp

8. MARKET SIZE / LEADING MARKETS
largest share of the 3D printing market during the
forecast period, with the U.S. being the major driver
for the growth of the market. Major industrial
manufacturing, aerospace & defense, and
healthcare companies, located in the U.S., are
increasingly using the 3D printing technology,
which is leading to the growth of the 3D printing
market. Continuous technological advancements
and financial support from the government are also
propelling the growth of the North American
market for 3D printing. Several companies are
adopting 3D printing not only for developing
prototypes but also for manufacturing end-user
products.
(custom design & manufacturing and after-sales),
process (material extrusion, material jetting, binder
jetting, sheet lamination, vat photopolymerization,
powder bed fusion, and directed energy
deposition), technology (stereolithography, fuse
deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, direct
metal laser sintering, polyjet printing, inkjet
printing, electron beam melting, laser metal
deposition, direct light projection, laminated object
manufacturing, and others), application
(prototyping, tooling, and functional parts), vertical
(automotive, aerospace & defense, healthcare,
architecture & construction, consumer products,
education, engineering, energy, printed electronics,
jewelry, food & culinary, and others), and
geography (North America, Europe, APAC, and
RoW).
Apart from the market segmentation, the report
also covers Porter’s five forces analysis, the market’s
value chain with a detailed process flow diagram,
and the market dynamics such as drivers, restraints,
opportunities, and challenges in the overall 3D
printing market.
Source:
http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/
3d-printing.asp

9. MARKET SIZE / LEADING MARKETS
 The major players in the 3D printing market include 3D Systems
Corporation (U.S.), Stratasys Ltd. (U.S. & Israel), the ExOne
Company(U.S.), Voxeljet AG (Germany), Arcam Group (Sweden), SLM
Solutions Group AG (Germany), EOS GmbH (Germany), EnvisionTEC
GmbH (Germany), Materialise NV (Belgium), Sciaky Inc. (U.S.), Concept
Laser GmbH (Germany), Autodesk, Inc. (U.S.), Hoganas AB (Sweden),
Renishaw PLC. (U.K.).
 Soure: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/3d-
printing.asp

10. MARKET GROWTH
 Source -
https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/3d-
printing-market-to-quadruple-exceeding-
50-billion-by-2030-
report/?ecms_id=7e4e2cfa-e2ef-4d4d-a13c-
a7de9428bf85&ecms_short=ART4891&doc_
type=ted_article&sponsored=&acct=&pare
nt_id=043478b4-4a70-467e-9c66-
5de4a6a52f05&utm_content=featuredstory
&position=2&linktype=title&channel=email
&campaign_type=thomas_industry_update&
campaign_name=tiu210422&utm_campaign
=tiu210422&utm_medium=email&utm_sour
ce=thomas_industry_update&tinid=2217630
45

11. CHINA 3-D PRINTING
Source - https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2018/02/01/china-lays-groundwork-for-asian-world-lead-in-3d-printing/#2587c84f7f54
Institutions in China spent $1.1 billion
on 3D printing last year, market
research firm IDC says. It calls China
“the force” behind 3D printing growth
in Asia. The sub-sector worldwide will
command a market worth $32.78
billion by 2023 on a compound annual
growth rate of 25.76% from last year,
research firm Markets and Markets
estimates. Falling production costs,
ease of customizing goods and
government investments are driving
that growth, the research firm says in a
report.

12. CANADA 3-D
MARKET
 However, a world-class 3-D printing and imaging “cluster” in Canada will
not happen without a strategy, capital and resources to support
entrepreneurship, research and adoption in this nascent field. With a new
Liberal majority government expressing interest in making an investment
toward innovation to allow traditional Canadian industries to become
more competitive and successful, we need to ensure that investment in 3-
D technology adoption is a part of the Canadian innovation agenda.
 Innovation in 3-D printing is already a high priority for many of our
trading partners, and 3-D strategies are being developed around the
world to accelerate it in countries such as Britain, Germany, China and the
United States. Governments at all levels in Canada as well as the business
and academic communities need to understand the enormous impact
that this new technology will have on the future of design and
manufacturing, and work together to ensure that Canada is a leading 3-D
innovator.
 Source: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-
commentary/canada-must-sharpen-its-3-d-printing-
vision/article26954200/

13. KEY INVESTMENT
 GE (The Fairfield, Conn). GE said it expects the
acquisition of Arcam AB and SLM Solutions Group
AB to boost revenue within its 3-D printing
business to $1 billion by 2020. GE has shed most of
its financial service business to focus on its high-
tech industrial operations. It had, before the deal
announced Sept. 6, invested $1.5 billion in 3-D
manufacturing technologies since 2010. Source:
http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/financing/
ge-acquires-two-3-d-printing-companies-175177/

14. MATERIAL BREAKTHROUGH
 Harvard University researchers have made the first entirely 3D-printed organ-on-a-chip with
integrated sensing. Built by a fully automated, digital manufacturing procedure, the 3D-printed
heart-on-a-chip can be quickly fabricated and customized, allowing researchers to easily collect
reliable data for short-term and long-term studies.
 This new approach to manufacturing may one day allow researchers to rapidly design organs-
on-chips, also known as microphysiological systems, that match the properties of a specific
disease or even an individual patient’s cells.
 The research is published in Nature Materials.
 Source: https://www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2016/10/3d-printed-heart-on-chip-with-
integrated-sensors

15. APPLICATIONS
 REEBOK - Now, the Canton, Massachusetts-
headquartered athletic footwear and apparel
company Reebok is utilizing a unique twist of 3D
printing technology for their latest creation, the
Liquid Speed shoe. The newly unveiled shoe takes
on an innovative approach to the traditional
molding process, using a “high rebound” liquid
created by BASF to “draw” frames directly onto the
shoe. Designed by Reebok’s new Liquid Factory, the
3D printed frame creates an energy-return outsole,
which Bill McInnis, Reebok’s Head of Future and
former NASA engineer, claims to provide a drastic
performance improvement over the traditional
rubber outsole. Source: -
https://3dprint.com/153426/reebok-liquid-speed-
shoes/

16. APPLICATION
 Drones- The new technique devised by the MIT CSAIL research team
allows a user to program parts made of soft materials, including
plastic and rubber, for an exact degree of stiffness and elasticity,
giving it a specific quality of bounce and energy transfer depending
on the needs of the final product.
 This is possible thanks to 3D printing, which allows a user to dictate
the exact size, shape and amount of impact damping they provide –
previously, users have generally had to make do with off-the-shelf
shock absorbing components mass manufacturing using techniques
like injection molding, which means you basically have to choose
from a menu of pre-set options.
 Source - https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/03/mits-new-3d-
printed-shock-absorbent-materials-make-for-resilient-drones/

17. APPLICATION
 L’Oreal - A new 3D printing technique could
finally result in a cure for baldness. While hair
transplants, such as those had by England
footballer Wayne Rooney, are possible, they
involving a painstakingly long and expensive
process. New technology being developed by
L'Oréal could lead to 3D printing of new hair
follicles that are capable of sprouting new
hair.
Source:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article
3826766/cure-baldness-L-Oreal-working-3D-
printed-hair-follicles-grow-NEW-
strands.html#ixzz4O5F2xFBg

18. APPLICATION
 Organ transplant - Many more steps are needed
before they can make artificial kidney replacement
parts, but the result is important because it means
that for the first time researchers have used 3-D
printing to make kidney tissue that functions like
the real thing. The inventors say that in the near
term the artificial tissue could be used outside the
body to assist in people who have lost renal
function, and for testing the toxicity of new drugs.
Source:
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602691/3-d-
printed-kidney-parts-just-got-closer-to-reality/

19. INDUSTRY WEEK
– APRIL 21, 2017
 GE will expand its 3-D printing business through a
combination of acquisitions and organic growth, Joyce said
without naming potential targets. Several additive
manufacturers have gained recently on increased investor
interest in the technology. Stratasys Ltd. surged 45% this
year through Wednesday, while 3D Systems Corp. advanced
15%.
 New applications are emerging and GE’s aggressive push
into the market may lead to quicker adoption of the
machines across the factory sector. The global market for
industrial 3-D printers and materials increased 17% last year
to $6.06 billion, according to data from Wohlers Associates
Inc. The research firm projects the market to balloon to $26.2
billion by 2022.
 GE is even more optimistic. The technology could take a
piece of the roughly $14 trillion market for traditional
manufacturing, said Mohammad Ehteshami, GE’s vice
president of additive integration.

20. ALLOYS
 Source - http://www.hrl.com/news/2017/0920/
MALIBU, Calif. Sept 20, 2017— HRL Laboratories, LLC, has made a breakthrough in metallurgy with the
announcement that researchers at the famous facility have developed a technique for successfully 3D printing
high-strength aluminum alloys—including types Al7075 and Al6061—that opens the door to additive
manufacturing of engineering-relevant alloys. These alloys are very desirable for aircraft and automobile parts
and have been among thousands that were not amenable to additive manufacturing—3D printing—a difficulty
that has been solved by the HRL researchers. An added benefit is that their method can be applied to
additional alloy families such as high-strength steels and nickel-based superalloys difficult to process currently
in additive manufacturing.
"We're using a 70-year-old nucleation theory to solve a 100-year-old problem with a 21st century machine,"
said Hunter Martin, who co-led the team with Brennan Yahata. Both are engineers in the HRL's Sensors and
Materials Laboratory and PhD students at University of California, Santa Barbara studying with Professor
Tresa Pollock, a co-author on the study. Their paper 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloys was
published in the September 21, 2017 issue of Nature.

21. INNOVATION
 http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/04/game-changing-3d-printers-for-low-cost-metal-parts.html
A startup will soon launch game changing 3-D printers that can fabricate
metal parts cheaply and quickly enough to make the technology practical for
widespread use in product design and manufacturing.
The company, Desktop Metal, has raised nearly $100 million from leading
venture capital firms and the venture units of such companies as General
Electric, BMW, and Alphabet. The founders include four prominent MIT
professors, including the head of the school’s department of materials
science and Emanuel Sachs, who filed one of the original patents on 3-D
printing in 1989.

22. MIT BREAKTHROUGH
 If you haven’t used a 3-D printer yet, you may be surprised to learn that it isn’t fully
automated the way your office’s inkjet is.
 With paper printers, users queue documents from a computer, and each finished sheet
drops neatly into a tray, waiting to be collected. With commercial 3-D printers, however,
designs are manually programmed into the printer, and each finished part is manually
removed before starting a new print, which is very time-consuming. At schools and
businesses, a trained expert usually handles all prints, which can be expensive.
 Now MIT spinout New Valence Robotics (NVBOTS) has brought to market the only fully
automated commercial 3-D printer that’s equipped with cloud-based queuing and
automatic part removal, making print jobs quicker and easier for multiple users, and
dropping the cost per part.
 To use the printer, called NVPro, a user submits a project from any device, which queues
up in the NVCloud software. When a part gets printed, a retractable blade cuts the piece
out and moves it into a bin, and the next project begins automatically. Projects can be
monitored remotely via webcam.
MIT – May 4, 2017

23. INSURANCE
Source - http://www.industryweek.com/additive/what-you-need-know-about-3-d-printing-and-insurance?NL=QMN-01&Issue=QMN-01_20170428_QMN-
01_286&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1&utm_rid=CPG03000001519274&utm_campaign=18945&utm_medium=email&elq2=cb3ca5a17235414789ae8d25cd28f4ac
Companies that supply the designs used by 3-D printers should also take
a careful look at their insurance to make sure they do not have any gaps
in coverage. Traditional product liability coverage is typically tied to
products manufactured, sold, handled, distributed, or disposed of by the
policyholder and may not cover distribution of designs that others use, if
the resulting product is alleged to have a design defect.
Companies should also consider obtaining product recall insurance to
protect against liability resulting from faulty design plans and defective
materials that lead to a product recall.

24. 3-D CAMPER
Source -
https://www.whichcountry.co/top-ten-
countries-with-highest-deforestation/

25. 3-D HOUSE PRINT
• Access to cement, wood, etc.
• Tradesmen still would do the
finishing touches
• This could solve building
homes in remote locations
• This process could shave off
the cost of building a house

26. HOUSING – 3D
PRINTING
Source -
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-
releases/1-5-billion-3d-printing-
construction-market-2024-by-material-
type-concrete-metal-composite-
construction-method-extrusion-powder-
bonding-end-use-sector-building-
infrastructure-300912755.html

27. HOUSING COSTS
• Availability of Land – There needs to be better urban
planning -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/urban-
planning-issues-facing-urban-planners-april-2019
• Lumber costs (Too many governments are pushing
for more regulations and taxes which will add to cost
of lumber -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-
election-forestry-sector-canada-september-2019
• There needs to be better rural vs urban strategy
including water and land management -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-
election-rural-areas-and-affairs-canada
• 3D printing should be part of the solutions along
with looking at containers or other ways to modular
housing
• There are issues with cement supply -
https://www.scmp.com/week-
asia/society/article/2126207/world-running-out-
resource-and-its-not-oil

28. 3-D WOOD
 Cellulose is the most abundant and broadly
distributed organic compound and industrial by-
product on Earth. The bottom-up use of cellulose
to fabricate 3D objects has had big problems
that prevented printing wood for practical
applications. Use in combination with plastics has
lacked scalability and has had high production
cost. Researchers in Singapore have
demonstrated the general use of cellulose to
manufacture large 3D objects. They are using
fungal-like adhesive material(s) (FLAM). The cost
of FLAM is in the range of commodity plastics
and 10 times lower than the cost of common
laments for 3D printing, such as polylactic acid.
Source -
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/06/singapo
re-has-breakthrough-for-large-scale-printing-of-
wood-at-ten-times-lower-cost-than-other-3d-
printing.html

29. BRIDGES
Source - http://www.industryweek.com/technology-and-iiot/3d-printed-steel-bridge-lays-pathway-manufacturings-
future?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IWNews+%28IndustryWeek+Most+Recent+News%29&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2&NL=IW-07
Dutch R&D Startup MX3D announced the completion of its robotically 3D-printed stainless steel bridge,
which indicates how far the technology has evolved and where it's leading us.
Nearly three years ago, the Dutch Startup MX3D captured the imaginations of the additive manufacturing
community by announcing it would 3D-print an entire stainless steel bridge using robotic printers,
intimating at how the future of construction and manufacturing may look. This month it was announced
that the bridge has finally been completed—and it looks amazing, in an H.R. Giger sort of way.

30. AFFORDABLE HOUSING
 https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/12/17101856/3d-printed-housing-icon-shelter-housing-crisis
Food, water, and shelter are basic human needs, but 1.2 billion people in
the world live without adequate housing, according to a report by the
World Resources Institute’s Ross Center for Sustainable Cities. Today at
SXSW, an Austin-based Startup will unveil its approach to combat that
deficiency by using low-cost 3D printing as a potential solution.
ICON has developed a method for printing a single-story 650-square-foot
house out of cement in only 12 to 24 hours, a fraction of the time it takes
for new construction. If all goes according to plan, a community made up
of about 100 homes will be constructed for residents in El Salvador next
year. The company has partnered with New Story, a non-profit that is
vested in international housing solutions. “We have been building homes
for communities in Haiti, El Salvador, and Bolivia,” Alexandria Lafci, co-
founder of New Story, tells The Verge.

31. POVERTY ADVOCATE
Why Poverty Advocates not pushing for these solutions?
 3-D printing of houses - https://www.3ders.org/articles/20181231-saudi-arabia-3d-prints-a-house-in-two-
days.html. These solutions would help first nations as well as other areas with building of affordable
housing
 Urban Planning – There is no integrated strategy by all levels of government when it comes to urban
planning - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/urban-89562588
 You fixed poverty by providing a good job. If you drive out business investment, then you are actually
making people more dependent on the govt. https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/business-
competitiveness-canada
 You cannot tax people to prosperity! - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/canada-middle-class-
analysis-and-commentary
 Kids need to manage their name like brand. It is very important for students to treat their education like
ROI - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/postsecondary-education-canada-policy-analysis-and-
recommendations-january-2019 or https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-career-management-
canada-january-2019

32. ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
Source - https://newatlas.com/3d-printing-housing-
architecture/53083/
But where architecture is concerned, the size of the projects remains an obstacle and the materials
needed for such printing are still being developed. Safety issues also need to be addressed.
Burry proposes another competitor for the building construction industry. "I imagine 3D printing coming in
parallel with other technologies in the next 10 years, but I would put my money on solid timber construction
as the next big trend," she says. Cross-laminated timber is like plywood on steroids, Burry says, a bit like
concrete in that it can be used to build the entire structure of a house in slab form, rather than having to
build an internal frame. This means homes can be built faster and potentially cheaper. "That's not to say
these technologies can't progress in parallel," she says. "Indeed, we can even 3D-print with timber-based
material."
Much remains to be explored. We might not be 3D-printing homes on the moon anytime soon, but the
technology will make more complex geometries possible, with building components that can adapt to
climate changes and others assembled in a variety of materials. We can't wait to see what the next
development will be.

33. LEADING COUNTRIES
ADOPTION 3D
PRINTING
Source - http://whattheythink.com/news/98427-
usa-leads-most-advanced-country-3d-printing-
3d-printing-sentiment-index/

34. DATA, AI, PLATFORM, AND SECURITY
 More monitoring of 3-D automation process through the use of AI -
https://www.analyticsinsight.net/artificial-intelligence-and-3d-creating-a-wave-in-geospatial-
intelligence/
 Supply Chain and 3D printing - https://www.fabbaloo.com/news/3d-printed-supply-chains-of-
the-future - Here is my blog on data and AI with supply chain - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-
need-resilience-amid-pandemic-disruption-powering-paul-young/?published=t
 AI and 3D printing - https://www.materialstoday.com/additive-manufacturing/news/us-army-
funding-to-improve-3d-printing-with-ai/
 Managing legacy code - https://www.fanaticalfuturist.com/2021/04/ibm-announces-their-ai-
can-recode-legacy-software-so-it-can-run-in-the-cloud/

35. WHAT’S NEXT
 Countries will need to address the skill gaps in areas like technology, engineering, skill trades, etc. in order to be
position to support 3D printing
 USA is world leader due to many factors like access to capital, tax policies, reduction in red tape, etc.
 Companies will continue look at ways to streamline their operations including using technology
 3D Printing outlook for 2021” As we mark our entry into the 4th decade of 3D printing in 2021, we also enter a
decade with the potential for radical renewal. The COVID-19 crisis has had an enormous effect on every industry
and continues to propel us into a space where we need to think differently. To think about where we need to
push the boundaries of innovation and creativity.
 With this being said, the legacy of 3D printing starts in 2021 with three key trends: going back to the drawing
board to rethink manufacturing; enabling the personalization of not only products but also 3D printers
themselves; and creating new solutions, fast.” - https://www.3dprintingmedia.network/materialise-trends-2021-
forecast/
 3D printing use cases - https://www.jabil.com/blog/future-of-3d-printing-additive-manufacturing-looks-
bright.html
 ESG Reporting - https://www.weforum.org/reports/a-leapfrog-moment-for-china-in-esg-reporting
 Sustainability - https://www.euronews.com/living/2021/04/01/these-3d-printed-net-zero-buildings-could-be-
the-future-of-housing

36. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
 If you like to learn more
about trade and/or other
subjects as part of your
professional learning and
development then feel free
to review my material on
https://www.udemy.com/
(search Paul Young CPA
CGA)
 These subjects address how
to fixed issues with housing
and/or systemic issues
related to economy
including government
policies