18. Circle of LifeDecision Process<br />The Organic Flapjacks utilized the Delphi method, as well as client input to reach a final decision. The Delphi method consists of giving each criterion a weight from zero to ten (ten being most important), and then giving each solution a score from 0-50, depending on how well it fulfills the criterion. The result of this process is shown in Table 4-1. Each solution’s criterion score is multiplied by the weight of the criteria and then totaled. Group members scored the solutions, discussed each score, and agreed on each criterion score.<br />Table 4-1: The Delphi method for the school worm bin, with the scores of each solution based on the criteria.<br />Final Decision<br />The Delphi method yielded these three highest scoring solutions: Barrel O’ Fun with 2171 points, Cin-Bin with 2290 points, and Circle of Life with 2287 points. After presenting all three concepts to the client, the list was narrowed down to the Barrel O’ Fun and the Cin-Bin. The team then consulted with the project supervisor Lonny Grafman and tried to combine concepts from each idea into one final solution. The result was to make the Barrel O’ Fun easily accessible by cutting the drum in half and raising it horizontally off of the ground. One half is nested in the other, and the worms are put in one half. When it is time to harvest, the worms are transferred to the other half. The Barrel O’ Fun is simple, cheap, efficient, safe, durable, educational, and extensible.<br />Specification of Solution<br />Introduction<br />Section 5.1 contains a description of the Barrel O’ Fun. The Barrel O’ Fun is built out of a 55 gallon drum on pallets. The design costs, construction costs, and maintenance costs are covered, and the instructions for implementation are given.<br />Solution Description<br />The Barrel O’ Fun worm bin ( REF _Ref291857007 Figure 51) is constructed from a plastic, food grade, 55 gallon drum. The drum is cut in half, longitudinally, and the end of one half is removed, creating a “nest” half. The intact half is laid inside the nest section and they are bolted together. A spigot ( REF _Ref291857022 Figure 52) is installed at the end of the nest barrel to harvest worm compost tea. Two pallets, with a central trough cut out, are placed on top of cinder blocks. The worm bin is then placed on the pallet. A PVC cover support system ( REF _Ref291857358 Figure 53) is constructed, and a plastic sheet is draped over the top. The sheet is then bungeed to the pallet.<br />The cover is folded back in order to add waste to the bin. Over six to eight weeks, the worms will compost the waste. When it is time to harvest, only a corner of the bin is fed. This draws the worms to the top layer of compost in the corner, and they can be scooped up and placed in the other half of the bin. The full side can then be harvested. Waste is then added to the half with the worms, and the process continues. The build process is inexpensive and fairly simple. The Barrel O’ Fun is built from durable materials and is safe to use. It provides a great way to teach children about vermicomposting, and it is efficient, producing vermicompost in six to eight weeks. It is easy to create more bins, and it looks professional.<br />Figure 51: An AutoCAD drawing of three basic views of the Barrel O' Fun (drawn by Paul Johnston)<br />Figure 52: An AutoCAD drawing of the spigot and “nest barrel” (by Paul Sereno)<br />Figure 53: An AutoCAD diagram of the PVC frame for the tarp (Drawn by Paul Johnston)<br />Cost Analysis<br />A breakdown of the design, construction, and maintenance costs is provided in the following sections.<br />The breakdowns will be in hours spent or required and dollars spent.<br />Design<br />The design cost is the cost in hours spent on the project. The total cost is broken down into the time spent on each portion of the design process. As shown in REF _Ref291857139 Figure 54 below, a total of 69 hours were spent on the project. Section 1, Problem Definition, took three hours. Section 2, Gathering Information, took fifteen hours. Section 3, Alternative Solutions, took eighteen hours. Section 4, Analyzing and Selecting a solution, took six hours. Section 5, Implementation, took twenty-seven hours.<br />Figure 54: The design cost, in hours, spent on each phase of the design process. <br />Implementation<br />The implementation cost includes the price of materials used to build the Barrel O’ Fun worm bin. The individual costs of materials are shown below in REF _Ref291857417 Table 51. As shown, the total implementation cost for the Barrel O’ Fun is $167.91. Retail cost for the Barrel O’ Fun is $268.74.<br />Table 51: Breakdown of material costs for the Barrel O’ Fun worm bin<br />Maintenance<br />The maintenance costs can be broken into time costs and material costs, each with a weekly and yearly list of tasks that require attention. The total maintenance cost for one year is roughly twelve hours. This estimate consists of ten-minute weekly feedings and thirty minutes for harvesting the compost every six-eight weeks. In an eight-week period, the worm bin should produce roughly forty pounds of usable compost (assuming ten pounds of waste is put in the bin per week). REF _Ref291857458 Table 52 shows this below.<br />Table 52: Breakdown of time cost for maintenance<br />Implementation Instructions<br />The first step, after obtaining a food-grade 55-gallon drum, is to cut it in half lengthwise as shown in REF _Ref290818981 Figure 55.<br />Figure 55: The 55 gallon barrel cut in half. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />After this, cut 3” off of one end of one half ( REF _Ref290819967 Figure 56). This will make the “nest” barrel.<br />Figure 56: The removal of the end will create a quot;
nestquot;
barrel. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />Then, like in REF _Ref290819983 Figure 57, lay the intact half inside the nest barrel. Adjust the barrels until they overlap by 5”. <br />Figure 57: The barrels are connected and overlap by 5quot;
. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />Then a ¼” hole is drilled near the top of the connection on one side. The barrels are then bolted together with a ¼” bolt and nut, with the bolt head on the outside of the connection. This is repeated around the connection until the barrels are well connected (approximately 5-6 bolts). A hole is then drilled or cut at the end of the nest barrel for the spigot ( REF _Ref290820108 Figure 58). The spigot is then installed.<br />Figure 58: The spigot, installed. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br /> Next, drill 5-10 ¼” holes at the bottom of the dividing wall for drainage ( REF _Ref290820259 Figure 59).<br />Figure 59: 1/4quot;
drain holes are drilled into the dividing wall. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />A gutter strainer is then trimmed so that it will lay flush with the bottom of the barrel, and cover the entrance to the spigot. 100% silicone caulk is then applied to the area around the spigot, and is also used to glue the gutter strainer to the bottom of the barrel as in REF _Ref290820353 Figure 510.<br />Figure 510: Silicone caulk is used to glue the gutter strainer over the entrance to the spigot. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />The outside of the connection is caulked as well, in order to prevent leaking, as shown in REF _Ref290820438 Figure 511. The caulk is then allowed to set for at least 24 hours.<br />Figure 511: The outer connection is caulked to prevent leaking. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />After the caulk has set, the base is created. Six cinder blocks are placed underneath the corners of the pallets, as in REF _Ref165528509 Figure 512. <br />Figure 512: The pallets and the cinder blocks set in place. (Photo by Paul Johnston)<br />The pallets then have the center of the top planks removed, like in REF _Ref165528637 Figure 513, creating a trough.<br />Figure 513: The trough is cut into the pallet. (Photo by Paul Johnston)<br />The barrel is then placed in the trough. The end of the barrel opposite the spigot is elevated by placing a 2”x4” across the trough as seen in REF _Ref165528985 Figure 514.<br />Figure 514: The barrel is placed in the trough. (Photo by Paul Johnston)<br />The connection of the barrel is supported by placing a small cut of 4”x4” lumber inside the trough. The rain cover is constructed with ½” PVC piping. For this barrel, four 2’7” lengths, two 7¼” lengths, two ½” T-joints, and one ½” 90 elbow are used. In REF _Ref165529143 Figure 515, two of the 2’7” sections are joined by a T-joint, to make a total of two 5’2” crossbars that will span the length of the barrel.<br />Figure 515: The T-jointed crossbars that span the barrel. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />¼” notches are cut 1” from each end. As seen in REF _Ref165529380 Figure 516, these notches hold the crossbars in place.<br />Figure 516: A 1/4quot;
notch is cut in each end of the PVC. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />The crossbars are placed apart by 9½”. The 7¼” sections are joined by the 90 elbow. In REF _Ref165529652 Figure 517, the free ends of the sections are placed in the free opening of each T-joint, to provide a tent for the 10 mil plastic sheet.<br />Figure 517: The elbow piece is inserted, which will tent the plastic sheet. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />The 10 mil plastic sheet is laid over the top and cut, with an overhang of at least 6” on each side. Grommets are installed at each corner of the sheet, folding over the corners for extra strength. <br />The worms are then added to the bin, along with compostable waste and the bedding material (horse manure or shredded paper), as seen in REF _Ref165529880 Figure 518.<br />Figure 518: Worms are added to the bin. (Photo by Paul Johnston)<br />Worms should be added at the ratio of one pound of worms to every half-pound of waste. The sheet is then bungeed to the pallet with four 24” bungee cords. One end is hooked into each corner, and the other end is wrapped around a board on the pallet. In REF _Ref291856033 Figure 519, the sheet is then adjusted to ensure a snug fit.<br />Figure 519: The sheet is bungeed to the corners of the pallet, and adjusted for a snug fit. (Photo by Paul Sereno)<br />The sheet is removed weekly in order to feed the worms. After approximately 6-8 weeks, the vermicompost should be ready to harvest. When it is time to harvest, only one corner of the bin (about one quarter of the surface) is fed. Over a few days, the worms should migrate to this area. This area is then scooped up and placed in the empty half of the bin along with more waste and bedding. The vermicompost can then be shoveled out of full half, and the cycle continues.<br />Over time, due to the breakdown of organic waste, leachate will build up at the bottom of the bin. As the barrel is elevated, the leachate should drain through the drain holes in the divider and down to the spigot area. The spigot can then be opened and the leachate collected. The leachate can be mix at a ratio of 1 cup of leachate to 2 gallons of water. The resulting liquid can be applied to soil or plants.<br />Prototype Performance<br />The Barrel O’ Fun was constructed at the Jacoby Creek Charter School garden. The barrel was seeded with four pounds of E. fetida worms (red wigglers). After one week, an increased amount of soil was observed. The PVC cover was constructed one week later and installed, two weeks after the bin was first started. More soil was observed, and the worms were still present. A return to the Barrel O’ Fun three weeks later found a considerable amount of compost and large worms, indicating that the system is working efficiently.<br />Appendices<br />Appendix A: References<br />Agarwal, S.K. Advanced environmental biotechnology, APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, pg 341-343<br />Aira, M., Domínguez, J., and Monroy, F. (2006). “Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Activates Fungal Growth, Triggering Cellulose Decomposition during Vermicomposting.” Microbial Ecology, 52(4), 738-747.<br />Arcata, CA Weather. (2011). Retrieved February 21, 2011, from IDcide: http://www.idcide.com/weather/ca/arcata.htm<br />Arvind Kumar, Verms and Vermitechnology, S.B.Nangia, 5, anasari Road, Darya Ganj New Delhi, pg17-18<br />Bohlen, P.J. and Edwards, C.A. (1996). Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, Chapman and Hall, London.<br />Elcock, Gillian. (1995). “Composting with Red Wiggler Worms” <http://www.cityfarmer.org/wormcomp61.html> (February 17, 2011)<br />Haug, R. T. (1993). The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering. Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers.<br />Lodge, James. (November 1985). “Materials Damage by Environmental Pollutants: Data Requirements.” The American Statistician, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 412-415.<br />Munroe, Glenn (2005). “Manual of On-Farm Vermicomposting and Vermiculture.” Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada, <http://www.organicagcentre.ca/DOCs/Vermiculture_FarmersManual_gm.pdf> (Feb. 20, 2011).<br />Mycological Society of America. (2005). Isolation and Identification of Fungal Communities in Compost and Vermicompost. Mycologia , 97, 12.<br />NSTA. quot;
Vermicomposting - Flowerfield Enterprises/Flower Press.quot;
Worm Composting Resources. Aug.-Sept. 2008. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. <http://www.wormwoman.com/acatalog/vermicomposting.html>.<br />Parrish, R. (2010, 5-May). How to Treat a Wood Worm Bin. Retrieved 2011 йил 18-February from eHow: <http://www.ehow.com/how_5994257_treat-wood-worm-bin.html><br />Parthasarathy, V. A., Organic Spices, New India Publishing Agency, Pitam Pura, New Delhi, pg 77-87<br />Schlenker, B.R. (1969). “Introduction to Materials Science” John Wiley and Sons Australasia Pty Ltd. 63-273<br />Werner, Matthew (1990). “Earthworms: Renewers of Agroecosystems.” UC Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Program, <http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/worms/> (Feb. 20, 2011).<br />What Do Worms Eat? (n.d.). Retrieved 2011 18-February from Vermicompost: http://www.vermicompost.net/worm-composting/bin-food/what-do-worms-eat.aspx<br />“What is CDX Plywood?” (1995). <http://www.doityourself.com/stry/what-is-cdx-plywood> (February 17, 2011)<br />quot;
Which Type of Worm Bin Is Best?quot;
Wormilicious — Diary of a Worm Composting Revolution. 18 Dec. 2010. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. <http://wormdiaries.organic-raised-bed-gardening.com/2010/12/18/which-type-of-worm-bin-is-best/>.<br />Worm Bin Setup. (n.d.). Retrieved 2011 18-February from Wormpost Vermont: http://www.wormpost.com/wormbins/setup.html<br />Zoe Hartman, 2010, quot;
What Goes Into a Compost Bin?” <http://www.gardenguides.com/78221-goes-compost-bin.html > (Feb 21, 2011)<br />Zorba Frankel, 2010, quot;
What is Vermicomposting and Why Do It?quot;
< http://www.allthingsorganic.com/How_To/01.asp > (Feb 21, 2011)<br />Appendix B: Brainstorming Notes<br />Figure 61: Brainstorming Notes on March 1, 2011<br />Figure 62: Brainstorming Notes on March 1, 2011<br />Figure 63: Brainstorming Notes on March 3, 2011<br />Figure 64: Brainstorming Notes on March 3, 2011<br />Figure 65 Brainstorm of possible designs on March 1, 2011<br />Figure 66 Brainstorm of possible issues on March 1, 2011<br />
![The Barrel O’ Fun<br />Designed by:<br />Engineering 215: Introduction to Design, Spring 2011<br />Project for Locally Delicious and Lunchbox Envy<br />6 May 2011Table of Contents<br /> TOC 1Problem Formulation PAGEREF _Toc292206354 1<br />1.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc292206355 1<br />1.2Objective PAGEREF _Toc292206356 1<br />2Problem Analysis and Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc292206357 1<br />2.1Problem Analysis PAGEREF _Toc292206358 1<br />2.2Specifications and Considerations PAGEREF _Toc292206359 1<br />2.2.1Specifications PAGEREF _Toc292206360 1<br />2.2.2Considerations PAGEREF _Toc292206361 1<br />2.3Criteria and Constraints PAGEREF _Toc292206362 2<br />2.4Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc292206363 2<br />2.4.1Vermicomposting PAGEREF _Toc292206364 2<br />2.4.1.1Three Outcomes of Vermicomposting PAGEREF _Toc292206365 2<br />2.4.1.2Examples of Vermicomposting PAGEREF _Toc292206366 3<br />2.4.1.3Types of Vermicomposting PAGEREF _Toc292206367 3<br />2.4.1.3.1Micro Vermicomposting PAGEREF _Toc292206368 3<br />2.4.1.3.2Macro Vermicomposting PAGEREF _Toc292206369 4<br />2.4.1.4Compost Materials PAGEREF _Toc292206370 4<br />2.4.2Worms PAGEREF _Toc292206371 4<br />2.4.2.1Species PAGEREF _Toc292206372 4<br />2.4.2.2Environmental Conditions PAGEREF _Toc292206373 5<br />2.4.2.2.1Oxygen PAGEREF _Toc292206374 5<br />2.4.2.2.2Moisture PAGEREF _Toc292206375 5<br />2.4.2.2.3Temperature PAGEREF _Toc292206376 5<br />2.4.2.3Basic Biology PAGEREF _Toc292206377 5<br />2.4.2.3.1Nutrition PAGEREF _Toc292206378 5<br />2.4.2.3.2Reproduction PAGEREF _Toc292206379 5<br />2.4.2.3.3Behavior PAGEREF _Toc292206380 6<br />2.4.3Materials PAGEREF _Toc292206381 6<br />2.4.3.1Safety PAGEREF _Toc292206382 6<br />2.4.3.1.1Toxicity PAGEREF _Toc292206383 6<br />2.4.3.2Durability & Strength of Materials PAGEREF _Toc292206384 6<br />2.4.3.2.1Ideal Long Term Materials PAGEREF _Toc292206385 7<br />2.4.3.2.1.1Wood PAGEREF _Toc292206386 7<br />2.4.3.2.1.2Plastic PAGEREF _Toc292206387 7<br />2.4.3.2.2Environmental Stresses PAGEREF _Toc292206388 7<br />2.4.4Mechanics of Composting PAGEREF _Toc292206389 7<br />2.4.4.1Internal Process PAGEREF _Toc292206390 7<br />2.4.4.1.1Types PAGEREF _Toc292206391 7<br />2.4.4.1.1.1Open Loop PAGEREF _Toc292206392 7<br />2.4.4.1.1.2Flow Through PAGEREF _Toc292206393 8<br />2.4.4.1.1.3Bins PAGEREF _Toc292206394 8<br />2.4.4.1.1.4Stackable PAGEREF _Toc292206395 8<br />2.4.4.1.1.5Closed Loop PAGEREF _Toc292206396 8<br />2.4.4.1.1.6Beds PAGEREF _Toc292206397 8<br />2.4.4.1.2Examples PAGEREF _Toc292206398 8<br />2.4.4.2Input PAGEREF _Toc292206399 9<br />2.4.4.3Capacity PAGEREF _Toc292206400 9<br />3Search for Alternative Solutions PAGEREF _Toc292206401 10<br />3.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc292206402 10<br />3.2Brainstorming PAGEREF _Toc292206403 10<br />3.3Alternative Solutions PAGEREF _Toc292206404 10<br />3.3.1Barrel O’ Fun PAGEREF _Toc292206405 10<br />3.3.2Drawers O’ Worms PAGEREF _Toc292206406 11<br />3.3.3Cin-Bin PAGEREF _Toc292206407 12<br />3.3.4The Worm Tower PAGEREF _Toc292206408 13<br />3.3.5The Compost Chute PAGEREF _Toc292206409 14<br />3.3.6The Worm Wheel PAGEREF _Toc292206410 15<br />3.3.7The Circle of Life PAGEREF _Toc292206411 16<br />4Final Decision PAGEREF _Toc292206412 17<br />4.1Criteria PAGEREF _Toc292206413 17<br />4.2Alternative Solutions PAGEREF _Toc292206414 18<br />4.3Decision Process PAGEREF _Toc292206415 18<br />4.4Final Decision PAGEREF _Toc292206416 19<br />5Specification of Solution PAGEREF _Toc292206417 19<br />5.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc292206418 19<br />5.2Solution Description PAGEREF _Toc292206419 19<br />5.3Cost Analysis PAGEREF _Toc292206420 21<br />5.3.1Design PAGEREF _Toc292206421 22<br />5.3.2Implementation PAGEREF _Toc292206422 22<br />5.3.3Maintenance PAGEREF _Toc292206423 23<br />5.4Implementation Instructions PAGEREF _Toc292206424 23<br />5.5Prototype Performance PAGEREF _Toc292206425 31<br />6Appendices PAGEREF _Toc292206426 31<br />6.1Appendix A: References PAGEREF _Toc292206427 31<br />6.2Appendix B: Brainstorming Notes PAGEREF _Toc292206428 32<br />Table of Figures<br /> TOC quot;
Figurequot;
Figure 11: A Black Box Diagram in which a problem or issue enters one side of the black box, and it exits as a solution PAGEREF _Toc292210543 1<br />Figure 21: An example picture of vermicomposting in action (http://www.flickr.com/photos/68632374@N00/4050063071) PAGEREF _Toc292210544 3<br />Figure 22: Eisenia fetida, the quot;
red wigglerquot;
, is the most common worm used in composting (http://www.woodwormfarms.com/pics/worms/redworms2.jpg) PAGEREF _Toc292210545 4<br />Figure 23: Plan for a worm bin made out of wood (http://stopwaste.org/images/2person.gif) PAGEREF _Toc292210546 6<br />Figure 24: A bin system built with wood materials (http://www.worm-bins.net/) PAGEREF _Toc292210547 8<br />Figure 25: A bin system built with plastic materials (http://kitsap.wsu.edu/hort/worm_bin.htm) PAGEREF _Toc292210548 9<br />Figure 26: An example of a stackable vermicomposting bin (http://i1043.photobucket.com/albums/b435/WorldTreeGardening/Available%20Products%20%20Services%20and%20Concepts/Compost%20bin%20designs/worm-composter-diagram.jpg) PAGEREF _Toc292210549 9<br />Figure 31: A drawing of the quot;
Barrel O' Funquot;
(Drawn by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210550 11<br />Figure 32: A drawing of the quot;
Drawers O' Wormsquot;
(Drawn by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210551 12<br />Figure 33: A sketch of 3 Cin-Bins arranged in series. (Drawing by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210552 13<br />Figure 34: The Worm Tower, with overhead view. (Drawing by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210553 14<br />Figure 35: The Compost Chute, an alternative solution designed by Max Hullman PAGEREF _Toc292210554 15<br />Figure 36: The Worm Wheel, an alternative solution designed by Max Hullman PAGEREF _Toc292210555 16<br />Figure 37: The Circle of Life a vermicomposting solution by Max Hullman PAGEREF _Toc292210556 17<br />Figure 51: An AutoCAD drawing of three basic views of the Barrel O' Fun (drawn by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210557 20<br />Figure 52: An AutoCAD drawing of the spigot and “nest barrel” (by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210558 20<br />Figure 53: An AutoCAD diagram of the PVC frame for the tarp (Drawn by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210559 21<br />Figure 54: The design cost, in hours, spent on each phase of the design process. PAGEREF _Toc292210560 22<br />Figure 55: The 55 gallon barrel cut in half. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210561 23<br />Figure 56: The removal of the end will create a quot;
nestquot;
barrel. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210562 24<br />Figure 57: The barrels are connected and overlap by 5quot;
. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210563 24<br />Figure 58: The spigot, installed. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210564 25<br />Figure 59: 1/4quot;
drain holes are drilled into the dividing wall. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210565 25<br />Figure 510: Silicone caulk is used to glue the gutter strainer over the entrance to the spigot. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210566 26<br />Figure 511: The outer connection is caulked to prevent leaking. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210567 27<br />Figure 512: The pallets and the cinder blocks set in place. (Photo by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210568 27<br />Figure 513: The trough is cut into the pallet. (Photo by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210569 28<br />Figure 514: The barrel is placed in the trough. (Photo by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210570 28<br />Figure 515: The T-jointed crossbars that span the barrel. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210571 29<br />Figure 516: A 1/4quot;
notch is cut in each end of the PVC. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210572 29<br />Figure 517: The elbow piece is inserted, which will tent the plastic sheet. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210573 30<br />Figure 518: Worms are added to the bin. (Photo by Paul Johnston) PAGEREF _Toc292210574 30<br />Figure 519: The sheet is bungeed to the corners of the pallet, and adjusted for a snug fit. (Photo by Paul Sereno) PAGEREF _Toc292210575 31<br />Figure 61: Brainstorming Notes on March 1, 2011 PAGEREF _Toc292210576 33<br />Figure 62: Brainstorming Notes on March 1, 2011 PAGEREF _Toc292210577 33<br />Figure 63: Brainstorming Notes on March 3, 2011 PAGEREF _Toc292210578 34<br />Figure 64: Brainstorming Notes on March 3, 2011 PAGEREF _Toc292210579 34<br />Figure 65 Brainstorm of possible designs on March 11, 2011 PAGEREF _Toc292210580 35<br />Figure 66 Brainstorm of possible issues on March 11, 2011 PAGEREF _Toc292210581 35<br />Table of Tables TOC quot;
Tablequot;
<br />Table 51: Breakdown of material costs for the Barrel O’ Fun worm bin PAGEREF _Toc292210582 22<br />Table 52: Breakdown of time cost for maintenance PAGEREF _Toc292210583 23<br />Problem Formulation<br />Introduction<br />In Section I of the design process, the problem is formulated by creating an objective statement and a “Black Box” diagram.<br />Objective<br />The objective of the project is to create a composting worm bin for a Jacoby Creek Charter School that will last long term. The worm bin will teach children hands-on how “vermicomposting” works.<br />INPUTJacoby Creek Charter School without a way to educate children about composting and vermicompostingOUTPUTJacoby Creek Charter School with a way to educate children about composting and vermicomposting through a long-term worm bin.<br />Black Box<br />Figure 11: A Black Box Diagram in which a problem or issue enters one side of the black box, and it exits as a solution<br />Problem Analysis and Literature Review<br />Problem Analysis<br />Section II Problem Analysis provides information and an analysis of the criteria for the worm bin, and overviews the specifications and considerations of the project.<br />Specifications and Considerations<br />The specifications and considerations are requirements and thoughts for the project based on research and the client criteria.<br />Specifications<br />Specifications are the minimum requirements for the project that must be followed in the designing of the project. The specifications are:<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/organicflapjacks215locallys11doc-110503203341-phpapp01/85/Organic-FlapJacks-Final-Documet-1-320.jpg)
