ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression ECONOMICS (GDP) - Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020. - Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression -Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES: Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by Next generation nuclear reactors

1. Net Zero CO2or Economic Depression
Paul H. Carr, PhD
Electric Vehicles Charged By Next Gen Nuclear Reactors

2. HAPPINESS & GDP
To keep the next generations happy.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050
or an Economic Depression
1. ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
2. Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
3. Next generation nuclear reactors.

3. Earthrise on the Moon
HAPPINESS:
Contemplating
the beauty of
our earth
Why save our
earth?
It’s the only
one with
chocolate.

4. Pres. Biden’s 40 World Leaders Summit on Climate
APRIL 23, 2021
2030 United States will target reducing
greenhouse gas emissions by 50-52 percent
compared to 2005 levels
2050 Enable the transformations required to
reach net-zero emissions
• These transformations are critical to keep a
1.5 degree C limit on global average temperature rise.
• They will create new, good-paying jobs today to drive
tomorrow’s economy.

5. Reducing CO2 burning to stop its increase in our atmosphere.
CO2 has a 300-year lifetime. ( Alan Emery, www.StableClimate.org)
Measurements
Visualizing CO2 NET ZERO

6. Temperatures will still rise, but a slower rate, as CO2 is still present.
Alan Emery’s Calculations

7. Climate extremes cost the U.S. $390 billion in 2020
5-year mean: Increased from $10 Billion in 1980 to $120 Billion in 2020.
Nobel Laureate Nordhaus has determined that the cost of reducing CO2 emissions will be less
what we are paying now.

8. U.S. Climate Report Warns of
Damaged Environment and
Shrinking Economy
Nov 23, 2018
Thirteen federal agencies predict:
Global warming could knock
10% off our economy by 2100,
that of our COVID Depression.
Projected climate losses per year:
$141 billion from heat-related
deaths,
$118 billion from sea level rise and
$32 billion from infrastructure
damage. TOTAL $291 billion/yr
Solutions:
-Carbon fee plus dividend.
- Electric vehicles.
-Next generation reactor buildout
- Vegetarian/vegan diet

9. Global
warming
could cut
10% off
our GPP
as did
COVID.
Climate
recovery
could take
centuries.

10. Southern states with hotter climates stand to suffer most.
.
CLIM-MIGRATION from South to North

11. 11
India, with a billion people, similar to China, is a Wild Card
that could equal China’s emissions.

12. 12
The per capita emission in the US are 2 times that of China and Europe
Higher gas prices lower CO2 emissions/person/yr.
$0.30 Gasoline to $1.00
Gasoline 2X price in US
Natural gas
cheaper than
coal.

13. 10/9/15
Dividend would be
returned to everyone.
$2000 / family.
Stimulating economy &
creating 2 million jobs.
-Natural gas would cost
more than nuclear.
-Energy Innovation &
Carbon Dividend Act, HR-2307
www.CitizensClimateLobby.org
CARBON FEE PLUS DIVIDEND
No increase in government spending or debt

14. The
Economist
June 21st, 2008
Envisaged
Electric Cars powered by
• Windmills
• Solar Cells
• Nuclear Power Plants
when wind & solar are
absent

15. Electric Cars: Fun Saving our Planet
Chevy Bolt

16. MY ALL-ELECTRIC 2017 CHEVY BOLT EV
• 238 mile range after charging. (259 in 2021)
• Quite acceleration 0 to 60 mpg in 6.3 second, about ½ that
of Tesla Models S and X, but the Bolt’s cost is ½.
The batteries, motor, and one-speed transmission are made in
S. Korea. The Bolt is assembled in Michigan.

17. 8 year/100,000 mile
warranty on electric
propulsion unit
(battery)
The number of moving
parts in an electric motor
is an order of magnitude
less than an internal
combustion engine.
Electric motors are more
than twice as efficient as
internal combustion
engines (ICE).
High torque at low RPM.
No variable transmission.

18. ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE SAVING OUR PLANET
EV electric generation is emission equivalent to gasoline cars with up to 191 mpg.
EVs in coal burning states get 38 mpg, better than average car with 25 mpg.
Source Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) “Catalyst” Summer 2019

19. ELECTRIC DUMP TRUCK PRODUCES MORE ENERGY THAN IT USES
Bryan Cockfield
https://hackaday.com/2019/08/22/electric-dump-truck-produces-more-energy-than-it-uses/
The dump truck drives up a mountain with no load, and carries double the
weight back down the mountain after getting loaded up with lime and marble to
deliver to a cement plant.
Since electric vehicles can recover energy through regenerative braking, rather
than wasting that energy as heat in a traditional braking system, the extra weight
on the way down actually delivers more energy to the batteries than the truck
used on the way up the mountain.

20. Paddle behind the steering wheel activates Bolt’s regenerative breaking.

21. Six-fold decrease in the cost of Lithium-ion batteries since 2010
Lithium battery pack price in 2021, $/ 170/kwh, could decrease by one half by 2030.
“To make batteries dirt-cheap, make them from dirt” MIT Prof Don Sadoway of Ambri

22. 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Lithium-ion Battery
The lithium-ion battery that got its start before the 1973 oil crisis.
John Goodenough, who was then at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory,
was to evaluate a project by scientist Whittingham at Exxon.
M. Stanley Whittingham’s battery had a titanium disulfide
cathode and an inflammable lithium metal anode
The Lithium developed dendrite whiskers that shorted the
battery causing serious fires at Exxon.

23. • John Goodenough, who had moved from Lincoln to Oxford U, in
1980 replaced the cathode with lithium cobalt oxide that
increased the voltage from 2 V to 4 V.
• Akira Yoshino in Japan replaced the inflammable Li anode with
petroleum coke graphite (1986). In 1991 Sony started
commercializing it for electronic devices.

24. John Goodenough
1960s MIT Lincoln Laboratory
2019 Nobel Laureate, Age 97, U Texas Austin

26. Bruce Olsen’s Tesla Model 3, next to my Chevy
Bolt. Dec 18, 2018, Bedford, NH.
Bruce has driven it to FL to see his Dad, Stan.

28. TESLA UNVEILS CYBERSTRUCK: ELECTRIC PICKUP
Range up to 500 mi, starting price $39,900
• Cybertruck is built with an exterior shell made for ultimate durability
and 6- passenger protection.
• Starting with a nearly impenetrable exoskeleton, every component is
designed for superior strength and endurance.
• Tri-motor version will accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 2.9 seconds

29. EVs in CHINA
In 2018, 1.2 millions electric cars were sold in
China,
--25% more than the rest of the world total.
-- Global vehicle sales were about 86 million
-- 41 Chinese companies making and selling EVs
HOW CHINA REDUCES POLLUTION IN LARGE CITIES
--$14000 the cost of registering an internal
combustion car in Shanghai
--$ 0 the cost of registering an EV in Shanghai

30. The
lifetime
cost of
owning a
Nissan
Leaf is
less than
that of a
Honda
Civic

31. The total global warming emissions from EVs—
including manufacturing, driving, and
disposal—are about half the emissions of a
comparable gasoline car over its lifetime.
As more EVs hit the road, the nation will consume less oil, which
could help alleviate pollution-related health problems caused by
burning gasoline and diesel fuel.
Source: the Union of Concerned Scientists
https://www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/electric-vehicles/state-electric-vehicle-
benefits-2019
UCS analyzed these benefits state-by-state and found that:
Electric vehicles are cheaper than gasoline-powered cars to fuel and drive.
EV sales grew 94 percent in Massachusetts from 2017 to 2018, reaching
22,573 sold by the end of 2018.

32. HAPPINESS & GDP
To keep the next generations happy.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050
or an Economic Depression
1. ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
2. Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
3. Next generation nuclear reactors.

33. How fear of nuclear power is hurting the
environment |
YouTube 2016 TED Talk by Michael Shellenberger
• Solar energy is available 26% of the time,
wind 33% of the time, and nuclear 98%.
• The world is decommissioning nuclear reactors
faster than the increase in wind and solar.
• To make up for this net decrease, we are
increasing our burning of fossil fuels, raising
carbon dioxide emissions, and warming our planet.
• This is particularly true in Germany

34. GLOBALLY: The 7%
decrease in Nuclear
generated electricity
is greater than the
+3.8% increase in
Solar & Wind.
When wind & solar are
not available, we are
burning more fossil fuels,
which increase our carbon
dioxide emissions .
This is particularly true in
Germany.

35. What is happening to the 94
nuclear reactors in the US ?
• They are generating 20% of
our electricity.
• Nuclear reactors generate
electricity 24/7 with no CO2
emissions.

36. The 94 US nuclear reactors are still generating 20% of our electricity with no CO2 emissions.
What is the future of nuclear in the US ?

37. • Although some US nuclear reactors have been retired, 4 new ones are being bult
• Westinghouse went bankrupt in the process of building the new large Vogtle and
Summer Reactors in Georgia and South Carolina.
• Low-cost small modular reactors (SMR) hold the best promise of increasing the US
nuclear reactors.

38. Co-Organizations: Idaho National Laboratory, Breakthrough Institute,
U of Wisconsin. Harvard U

39. MIT’s COOL SOLUTIONS:
• A reactor build-up (at an historically feasible rate)
could completely decarbonize the World’s power
sector within 30 years
• The energy storage costs needed to make wind and
solar 24/7 would make them up to four times more
expensive than with no reactors.
• Half the cost of constructing a new nuclear reactor is
in the steel-reinforced concrete structure.

40. Low-Cost 'Miniature', Modular Nuclear Power Plants. They can fit on the back of a truck.
JOSH HRALA 20 JAN 2017
Working with the US Department of Energy (DOE), NuScale Power, Portland, Oregon, plans
to build a 12-module plant in Idaho
The 77 MegaWatt design is approved by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and will be
mass produced to reduce cost.
Self contained light water reactor(s) installed in a concrete lined hole in the ground.
Water circulates by convection. Automatic shut down.
Westinghouse plans to have its eVinci SMR commercial by 2024.
https://www.sciencealert.com/miniature-modular-nuclear-power-plants-are-being-implemented-in-the-us

41. Small modular reactor coolant circulates by convection.
No external pumps and operator intervention for safe shutdown.

42. Small modular rectors to replace coal-fired boilers that
produce steam to generate electricity.

43. WHY WE SHOULD NOT FEAR NUCLEAR
Total Fatalities, 1979 – 2010 (U.S.)
Coal Mine Accidents 1,000
China 210,000
Oil and Gas Industry Accidents 700
Air Pollution ( Coal Power Plants) 140,000
Three Mile Island 0

44. Wall Street Journal:
Nuclear waste is not the insurmountable problem that the
public has been led to believe.
The volumes are tiny, unlike the vast quantities of equally toxic
waste from coal and other fuels. An American’s entire lifetime of
electricity use powered by nuclear energy would produce an
amount of long-term waste that fits in a soda can.
All spent fuel from U.S. reactors over the past 60 years would fit
on a football field, stacked 20 feet high.
Today we store spent fuel at reactor sites in concrete casks
(radiation does not escape the concrete) that will be safe for
hundreds of years.
After that, the waste can be burned in reactors that are currently
being designed, or it can be buried permanently.”

45. Bill Gates’ use of nuclear waste
http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-talks-private-nuclear-fission-plant-
terrapower-2016-4
• Gates’ TerraPower's nuclear pilot plant
was to be built with the China National
Nuclear Corp. The economics, safety,
waste, and all the key parameters would be
dramatically improved.
• The traveling wave reactor converts
depleted uranium, a byproduct of the
nuclear-fission process, into usable fuel.
Trump would not let critical nuclear technology be
built in China, so Gates is looking for a new partner.

47. http://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/3/27/15043522/nuclear-power-
future-innovation
LOWER COST

48. MIT Prof Ian Hutchinson’s slide.

49. 49

50. MY U.S. PLAN for NET ZERO CARBON: NOW TO 2050
INTERMITTANT: Now to 2030.
-Immediately increase non-carbon wind and solar that are cheaper than fossil fuels
from about 10% (now) to 30 %.
-The US Renewable Energy Lab has determined that
the electric grid can accommodate intermittent wind and solar up to 30%
- Rooftop real estate for solar panels is free! Solar is nuclear fusion energy.
24/7 BASELOAD
- Immediate advances in battery, thermal, & green hydrogen storage of solar and wind.
2030-2040 - Small modular and advanced fission reactors
replacing carbon emitting coal first then natural gas.
2040 – 2050 -Fusion nuclear reactors using new high-temperature
superconducting magnetic confinement. No radioactive waste.
- Deep-drilled geothermal wells.
To date, cheap natural gas has reduced carbon emissions by replacing coal.
2026 New natural gas turbines deployment should be slowed, however.
Utilities would continue to use them to recoup their capital cost instead of
converting to nuclear and stored solar and wind.

51. CONCLUSIONS
• Electric cars are fun to drive:
silent acceleration 0 to 60 mph in 3 to 6 seconds.
• They are doubly green, saving our planet with no carbon dioxide
emissions and saving the green in your pocketbook (4GET GAS)
According to MIT Nuclear Prof. Buongiorno’s Study presented last
year:
• A nuclear reactor build-up (at an historically feasible rate) could
completely decarbonize the World’s electric power sector within
30 years
• The energy storage costs needed to make wind and solar 24/7
would make them up to four times more expensive than with no
reactors.

52. Find my PowerPoint talks & my
Beauty in Sciene & Spirit book
description by going to my web page
www.MirrorOfNature.org
Or simply Google my name
Paul H Carr

53. Swallowtail Butterfly
with Divine Proportion 1.618
Chapter 9
The Beauty of Nature vs.
Its Utility:The
Environmental Challenge
Balancing
Economics with
Ecology