This position paper intends to discuss the emergence of innovation through design practices. Based on Donald Schön’s [4] notion of reflection on action, it makes sense of a practitioner role during a multidisciplinary and multicultural Innovation Camp. It draws essentially upon experience as a purpose of innovation, pointing out that what to design is (or should be) driven by why and who design for.

1. One’s experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience
How many of us agree with this sentence?

2. Between products and services:
Innovation towards (and through) experience
CRITICAL REFLECTION
September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

3. Innovation towards (and through) experience
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

4. Innovation towards (and through) experience
Experience
as practice based-
innovation
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

5. Innovation towards (and through) experience
Experience
as practice based-
innovation
Experience as
innovation purpose
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

6. Innovation towards (and through) experience
Experience
as practice based-
innovation
Experience as
innovation purpose
RESEARCH QUESTION:
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

7. Innovation towards (and through) experience
RESEARCH QUESTION:
HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

8. HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
What is
experience?
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

9. HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
What is
experience?
- User
experience?
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

10. HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
What is
experience?
- User
experience?
- Practitioners’
experience?
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

11. HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
What is
experience?
What methods and
concepts should
be used to design
an experience?- User
experience?
- Practitioners’
experience?
- Based on what
experience?
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

12. HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
What is
experience?
What methods and
concepts should
be used to design
an experience?- User
experience?
- Practitioners’
experience?
- Based on what
experience?
Does it have
anything to do with
innovation?
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

13. GROUNDS
Innovation through Practitioner
Experience
The achievement of innovation has been seen over the past
years as a linear process that emerges from a scientific work
to a practical innovative solution [3]. However, “nowadays,
innovation is most often considered to be a result of co-
operation in normal social and economic activities.” [3, p.2]
Reflecting on that, a scientific work in terms of research
also breaks the “line of division” and become part of the
practice itself, leading to uniqueness. According to Donald
Schon’s work (1982), through reflection (and more specifically
reflection-in-action, claimed by him) a practitioner becomes
a researcher in the practice context. “He is not dependent
on categories of established theory and technique, but
constructs a theory of the unique case” [4, p.68].
Innovation for User Experience
In the 1990s, in the way of constructive research, designers
have developed many types of concepts emphasizing
the role of emotions in experience and empathy. As the
key constructs of this movement were not clear to be
understood, the main conceptual innovation came to be User
Experience that has led universities, corporations and design
firms to built units within this focus [2].
Yet in the understanding of User Experience, Marc Hassenzahl
[1] claims that experience is not about good industrial design,
multi-touch, or fancy interfaces. He argues that it is about
transcending the material and creating an experience through
a device. According to him, the emergence of experience,
in a psychological perspective, comes from an inseparable
combination of elements that together created a meaningful
whole. They are: perception, action, motivation, and
cognition. Considering such a combination as a challenge for
User Experience (or Experience Design), the design question
becomes how to intentionally create and shape experiences.
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

14. GROUNDS
Innovation through Practitioner
Experience
The achievement of innovation has been seen over the past
years as a linear process that emerges from a scientific work
to a practical innovative solution [3]. However, “nowadays,
innovation is most often considered to be a result of co-
operation in normal social and economic activities.” [3, p.2]
Reflecting on that, a scientific work in terms of research
also breaks the “line of division” and become part of the
practice itself, leading to uniqueness. According to Donald
Schon’s work (1982), through reflection (and more specifically
reflection-in-action, claimed by him) a practitioner becomes
a researcher in the practice context. “He is not dependent
on categories of established theory and technique, but
constructs a theory of the unique case” [4, p.68].
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

15. GROUNDS
Innovation through Practitioner
Experience
The achievement of innovation has been seen over the past
years as a linear process that emerges from a scientific work
to a practical innovative solution [3]. However, “nowadays,
innovation is most often considered to be a result of co-
operation in normal social and economic activities.” [3, p.2]
Reflecting on that, a scientific work in terms of research
also breaks the “line of division” and become part of the
practice itself, leading to uniqueness. According to Donald
Schon’s work (1982), through reflection (and more specifically
reflection-in-action, claimed by him) a practitioner becomes
a researcher in the practice context. “He is not dependent
on categories of established theory and technique, but
constructs a theory of the unique case” [4, p.68].
SHIFT
• Innovation as a linear process
(From a scientific work --> to a practical application)
to
• Innovation as a result of a practical cooperation [3]
ON TOP OF THIS
Practitioner as researcher in the practice context:
through notion of Reflection-in-action and on-
action [4]
[3] MELKAS, Helinä; HARMAAKORPI (editors). 2012
Practice-Based Innovation: Insights, Applications and
Policy Implications. Springer: London, New Y ork.
[4] SCHON, Donald A. 1982. The Reflective Practitioner:
how professionals think in action. Basic Books: United
States of America.
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

16. GROUNDS
Innovation for User Experience
In the 1990s, in the way of constructive research, designers
have developed many types of concepts emphasizing
the role of emotions in experience and empathy. As the
key constructs of this movement were not clear to be
understood, the main conceptual innovation came to be User
Experience that has led universities, corporations and design
firms to built units within this focus [2].
Yet in the understanding of User Experience, Marc Hassenzahl
[1] claims that experience is not about good industrial design,
multi-touch, or fancy interfaces. He argues that it is about
transcending the material and creating an experience through
a device. According to him, the emergence of experience,
in a psychological perspective, comes from an inseparable
combination of elements that together created a meaningful
whole. They are: perception, action, motivation, and
cognition. Considering such a combination as a challenge for
User Experience (or Experience Design), the design question
becomes how to intentionally create and shape experiences.
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

17. GROUNDS
Innovation for User Experience
In the 1990s, in the way of constructive research, designers
have developed many types of concepts emphasizing
the role of emotions in experience and empathy. As the
key constructs of this movement were not clear to be
understood, the main conceptual innovation came to be User
Experience that has led universities, corporations and design
firms to built units within this focus [2].
Yet in the understanding of User Experience, Marc Hassenzahl
[1] claims that experience is not about good industrial design,
multi-touch, or fancy interfaces. He argues that it is about
transcending the material and creating an experience through
a device. According to him, the emergence of experience,
in a psychological perspective, comes from an inseparable
combination of elements that together created a meaningful
whole. They are: perception, action, motivation, and
cognition. Considering such a combination as a challenge for
User Experience (or Experience Design), the design question
becomes how to intentionally create and shape experiences.
DEVELOPMENT
of concepts that emphasize emotions in experience
and empathy [2]
EXPERIENCE
as a inseparable combination of perception,
action, motivation and cognition. [1]
[1] Hassenzahl, Marc (2013): User Experience and Experience Design. In:
Soegaard, Mads and Dam, Rikke Friis (eds.). “The Encyclopedia of Human-
Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.”. Aarhus, Denmark: The Interaction Design
Foundation. Available online at
[2] KOSKINEN, Ilpo at all. 2011. Design Research through practice: From the Lab,
Field and Showroom.
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

18. WORK CONTEXT
The multidisciplinary and multicultural
Innovation Camp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mJYt5-IkBc CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

19. NARRATIVE-BASED REFLECTION
Between products and services
“And so was I in the third day of the innovation camp completely puzzled and
trying to understand what was going on. I finally decided to ask the designer
manager’s help: - “I know what is going on. And this is not the first time I have
seen it”, she calmly answered when I explained her that my team did not want
to work in a product as a solution. With a “I-know-what-I-can- do smile” she
continued: “They are probably simply amazed by a new concept that they were
not used to”. At that point I was completely struggled trying to understand
how come I was the one ‘playing against’ the Service Design trying to convince
engineers and designers (with background and lots of experience in materials)
that we needed to develop a product!”
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

20. PEOPLE
HOURS
MENU
MEAT DISHES
VEGETARIAN DISHES
DRINKS
MEAT DISHES
TERIYAKI BEEF
MEXICAN CHICKEN
MASALA CHICKEN CURRY
TÖNTÖTT
DANISH GRILLED HERRING
LATVIAN PIKE
SWEDISH MEAT BALLS
FINNISH PORONKÄRISTUS
POLISH STEW
LITHUANIAN MEAT PIE
TERIYAKI BEEF
MEXICAN CHICKEN
MASALA CHICKEN CURRY
TÖLTÖTT KAPUSZTA
DANISH GRILLED HERRING
LATVIAN PIKE
SWEDISH MEAT BALLS
FINNISH PORONKÄRISTUS
POLISH STEW
LITHUANIAN MEAT PIE
TERIYAKI BEEF
MEXICAN CHICKEN
MASALA CHICKEN CURRY
TÖNTÖTT
DANISH GRILLED HERRING
LATVIAN PIKE
SWEDISH MEAT BALLS
FINNISH PORONKÄRISTUS
POLISH STEW
LITHUANIAN MEAT PIE
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima
FAMILIES
SENIOR GROUPS
SENIORS
SERVICE PROVIDER
SHAREDKITCHEN
www
CUSTOMERS
contract the service
take part in a event
app
website
physically
TRANSPORTATION
AND SETTING UP
KEY
PARTNERS: Furniture manufacturers
Event managers
Food/product suppliers
Municipalities
Assemblage/transportation
S E R V I C E J O U R N E Y M A P
KITCHEN
KITCHEN
+
FOOD
OR
knownstrangers
ACTIVE
PARTICIPATION
PASSIVE
PARTICIPATION

21. CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

22. CONCLUSION
• Between products and service what actually matter is to
design for an experience.
• Motivations that lead to the development of new solution should not
be the technology, the shape, the method or the terminology. All this
elements are indeed part of the innovation process, but are not (or
should not be) the drivers.
• The decision-makers of what to design are (or should be) who and
why to design for.
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima
(What I have come to realize)
(I would have made things different in
this sense)
(I want to keep in mind for the future)

23. CONCLUSION
• Between products and service what actually matter is to
design for an experience.
• Motivations that lead to the development of new solution should not
be the technology, the shape, the method or the terminology. All this
elements are indeed part of the innovation process, but are not (or
should not be) the drivers.
• The decision-makers of what to design are (or should be) who and
why to design for.
“How?” is often a
question worth exploring.
CRITICAL REFLECTION September, 2013 - Patrícia Lima

24. HOW does one’s
experiences
influence in
designing for an
experience?
What is
experience?
What methods and
concepts should
be used to design
an experience?- User
experience?
- Practitioners’
experience?
- Based on what
experience?
Does it have
anything to do with
innovation?
“FOOD FOR THOUGHT”
or invitation for discussion
by PATRÍCIA LIMA