Principles of Biomedical Science- Final Presentation 2014

The Cardiovascular
System
By: Megh Shah, Kush Patel, Peter
Attia, and Akshita Sanjay

• The meaning of the cardiovascular system
• cardio- Greek word for Heart
• vascular- Greek word for vessel
• Responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
–10 pints of blood a day travels throughout the
blood
• The HARDEST working system in the human body.

Heart
Veins
Arterioles
Aorta
Venules
Superior
Vena
Cava
Ventricles
Pulmonary
Vein
Atriums
Pulmonary
Arteries
Artery
Capillaries
Inferior
Vena Cava

• It is made up of four muscular chambers which are
the atria and the ventricles and is responsible for the
movement of blood to and from the body.
• The heart is muscular and is made up of three layers
of muscle. Epicardium, endocardium, and
myocardium.
• It contains many blood vessels that it passes blood
through to and from the body.

• One of the largest veins in the body
–Carries deoxygenated blood from circulatory
circulation into the right atrium
–Specifically carries blood from the upper region
of the body
• Examples include
– head, neck, arm and chest regions

The head
Chest
The arm
The neck

• A hollow chamber in which blood flows through
–Composed of 2 out of 4 chambers in the heart
–Located at the top of the heart near the aorta.
• Function
–Receives blood from veins (pulmonary vein,
superior/inferior venae cavae)
–Pumps blood to ventricles

Left
Atrium
Oxygenated Blood enters from
the pulmonary vein
• Following pulmonary circulation
Sends Blood to ventricle via
the mitral valve
Right
Atrium
Deoxygenated blood enters
from the superior and inferior
vena cava
• Following systemic circulation
Sends blood to ventricle via the
tricuspid valve
Location of SA & AV node

• A thick chamber in which blood is pumped to
sections of the body
• At the bottom of the heart near the apex
• Function
–Pump blood to entire body and to pulmonary
circulation
• The two ventricles
–Left Ventricle
–Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle
• Pumps blood to the aorta through the
aortic valve
• Larger then the R. Ventricle as it
pumps blood through out body
Oxygenated
Blood
Right Ventricle
• Blood comes from R.
Atrium
• Pumps blood to lungs by
pulmonary circulation
De-
Oxygenated
Blood

Heart
Veins
Arterioles
Aorta
Venules
Ventricles
Superior
Vena
Cava
Pulmonary
Vein
Atriums
Pulmonary
Arteries
Artery
Capillaries
Inferior
Vena Cava

• This muscular artery is responsible for moving
oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the
heart to the rest of the body .
• The aorta is the largest artery in the heart and
across the entire body.
• The aorta moves blood from the left ventricle to
the rest of the body.

• Layer intima: Innermost layer of
the aorta. Interacts with blood as
it passes through.
• Layer media:Middle layer of
aorta. This is the thickest layer
• Layer adventita: Outermost layer
of the aorta.

Aortic Arch
• releases blood to the head, neck, and
other regions in proximity.
Exits from
Aorta
• Brachiocephalic Trunk
• Left & Right Common carotid artery
• Left & Right Subclavian artery
• Ascending & Descending Aorta
Semilunar
Valve
• Valve that is contained at the entry point
of aorta and keeps excessive blood
from entering the aorta and a normal
amount of blood entering the body.
aortic arch
Descending
Aorta
Right common carotid
artery
Ascending
aorta
Left subclavian
artery
Right
subclavian
artery
Left common carotid
artery

• Arteries are blood vessels that bring blood from
the heart to the rest of the body.
• Arteries have a very strong outer layer and are
soft on the inside
• Arteries move blood from the heart to arterioles
to capillaries and then to organs in the body.
• Examples: Pulmonary artery and aorta

Layers of Arteries
Adventitia
Media
Intima
Endothelium

• They are small versions of arteries
–Arterioles have similar functions to arteries but are
smaller in size.
–Arterioles are one layer thick and serve as a buffer
between arteries and capillaries.
–They are larger than capillaries which take blood to
different parts of the body.
–Provide blood pressure because of their small size
and this controls the amount of blood flowing
around the body.

• Veins are blood vessels that move blood towards the
heart.
–They are not as strong as arteries.
–They contain the same three layers as arteries but
are not as strong
–Veins contain valves that block blood flow
backwards into the veins.
–Veins can include the pulmonary veins , and bodily
veins.

• Venules are small veins that emerge from
capillaries and move blood into veins and to the
heart.
• They are an intermediate between capillaries and
veins.
• They are thin and small and are similar to
arterioles.

• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the
body.
• They can move blood to and from the body
organs and branch off of venules and arterioles.
• Capillaries are extremely fragile.
• Capillaries release heat and move deoxygenated
blood to veins and take oxygenated blood from
arteries.

• Function of blood is that it carries oxygen to the
entire body and then returns to the heart to be re-oxygenated.
• Blood is composed of four parts and is essential to
normal function of the body as it provides the
oxygen and nutrients necessary for the body to
operate.

The Bloodstream
Red Blood Cells
• Carries oxygen to cells and cardon dioxide away from them
Platelets
• Clots breaks in the skin
White Blood Cells to prevent infection
• Fights against foreign invaders (eg. Bacteria, Viruses)
Plasma
• carries, nutrients, antibodies, and wastes. It moves around in the blood

• Heart disease is caused because for many
reasons but one main reason is atherosclerosis.
• Two well known types of heart disease are,
coronary artery disease and heart attack.
• Heart disease can affect various body systems.

• Heart Attack (myocardial infarction): Heart attack is a
condition where there is a blockage in artery like the
coronary artery where blood flow to the heart or other
parts of the body become blocked off. It causes heart
cells to die
• Coronary Artery Disease: Coronary artery disease is
when the coronary arteries of an individual become
blocked off very often and when completely blocked
off, stop blood flow to heart muscle.

Heart Attack Coronary Artery Disease

• Heart diseases can affect many different body systems.
Some of these systems include the digestive, immune,
nervous, respiratory, and urinary system.
• Heart disease affects the nervous system because it can
cause a deficiency in the flow of blood to the brain and
cause many issues.
• Heart disease affects the immune system because it
contains essential nutrients such as white blood cells
that may not be present.

• Heart disease affects the digestive system because it can
stop the process of cellular respiration in this vital organ
and glucose cannot be broken down.
• Heart disease affects the respiratory system because
blood is essential for the movement of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the body.
• Heart disease affects the urinary system because the
kidneys need blood to function properly and the urinary
system is dependent on the kidneys.

Works Cited
• Blackburn, V., & Harris, B. (2013, December 20).
What Are Venules?. WiseGeek. Retrieved January 18,
2014, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-venules.
htm
• The Flow of Blood through Blood Vessels. (1999,
September 17). Blood Vessels. Retrieved January 18,
2014, from
http://www.biosbcc.net/doohan/sample/htm/vessel
s.htm

Works Cited Continued
• Heart Disease Health Center. (2014, January 2).
WebMD. Retrieved January 18,2014 from
www.webmd.com/heart-disease.default.htm
• Heart Disease Center. (2013, September 4). Center
for Disease Control. Retrieved January 18,2014 from
www.cdc.gov/heart+disease.default.page_1.htm

• Arteries. (2011, November 29). Discovery. Retrieved
From www.discovery.org/arteries/page?.htm
• The Flow of Blood through Blood Vessels. (1999,
September 17). Blood Vessels. Retrieved January 18,
2014, from
http://www.biosbcc.net/doohan/sample/htm/vessel
s.htm

• Bailey, R. (n.d.). Atria of the Heart. About.com
Biology. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from
http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/Atria-Of-The-
Heart.htm
• Superior vena cava. (n.d.). Healthlines RSS
News. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from
http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/
superior-vena-cava#2/13

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