This document discusses several philosophies of education including idealism, naturalism, pragmatism, realism, and humanism. It provides definitions and key aspects of each philosophy. Idealism views education as spiritual development and emphasizes moral values and character. Naturalism sees education as the natural development of a child's capacities. Pragmatism regards education as reconstruction of experiences to create value. Realism prepares children for real life through sense experiences. Humanism attaches importance to human rather than divine matters and focuses on social welfare and human values.
3. Love of Wisdom
Philosophy is an attempt to think truly about
human experience or to make out whole
experience intelligible. –Bright man.
Philosophy is a search for comprehensive
view of nature , an attempt at a universal
explanation of nature of things.
6. Philosophy and aims of education
Philosophy and curriculum
Philosophy and method of teaching
Philosophy and teacher
Philosophy and discipline
7.
8. Oldest philosophy
Idealism believe that man is a combination of
spiritual and material aspects, of which the
spiritual aspect is more real and important
9. Presence of Universal mind
Regards man as a spiritual being
The World of ideal and values are superior
than the materialistic world
The real knowledge is perceived in mind
10. Self realization
Exaltation of personality through self
realization
Universal education
Development of inventive and creative powers
Conservation, promotion and transmission of
cultural heritages
Development of moral sense
Cultivation of spiritual values
11. Teacher as an ideal person
Recognize teacher as a friend philosopher
and guide.
12. Higher place to mental and spiritual world
than physical world.
Goal is universal education.
Emphasis on character and moral
development.
Ideal centered education.
13. Idealistic views have little importance in class
room teaching.
Younger generation prefer inventions and
originality rather than imitation.
14. “Naturalism is a system of which the salient
characteristic is the exclusion of whatever is
spiritual or indeed, whatever is trancedental
of experience.”- Hayward Joyce
15.
16. Child centered education.
Education as the natural development of
child’s power and capacities.
Negative education in early childhood.
Education should be based on child’s
psychology.
The role of teacher should be that of a guide.
17. Self expression
Self preservation
Redirection of human instincts
Struggle for existence
Autonomous development of individuality
Education according to nature
18. Learning by doing
Play way method
Observation and experimentation
Self education or self effort
20. Education should be a pleasurable activity
Engage the spontaneous self activity of the
child
Punishment is based on consequences of
wrong needs
School should be located in natural setting
21.
22.
23. Pragmatism is essentially a humanistic
philosophy maintaining that man creates his
own values in course of activity, that reality is
still in making and awaits its part of
completion from the future. - Ross
24. Stress on social and physical environment.
Continuous reconstruction of experience as
the aim of education.
Child as the centre of activity.
Life situation as the basis of education.
Stress on freedom for the child.
Experience and experiments as the basis of
learning.
Positive education.
25. Pragmatism regards the teacher as a helper
and guide.
Pragmatism considers teacher as an arranger
of experience.
26.
27.
28. In J.S Ross’s opinion, “the doctrine of realism
asserts that there is a real world of things
behind and corresponding to the objects of
our perception”
According to Butter, “Realism is the
reinforcement of our common acceptance of
this world as it appears to us”
29. Worldly reality of everyday life are true.
It does not believe in the existence of absolute
truth.
It accepts only sensory experience of the external
world as real.
It look at man like a physical being controlled by
rules and laws.
Real knowledge is obtained by analysing and
experiencing sensation.
It advocates the method and principles of
physical science for acquiring knowledge
30. Prepares the child for real life.
Prepare the child for a happy and successful
life.
Foster the mental and physical power of the
child
Developing and training of sense.
Providing vocational education.
Make the child familiar with the nature and
social environment
31. To prepare good citizen.
Recommend broad and flexible curriculum.
Suggest scientific teaching method.
Considers education as a tool for social
control.
Emphasis on adult and social education.
Harmonious relationship among school,
home and society
32.
33. None of the philosophies of education
provide all the answers.
In a multiracial and multilingual society like
India there is a great need for philosophy
which aims at synthesising diverse elements.
34. Emphasis on the individual child.
The powers of the mind and intellect are
important.
The child should become the useful member
of the society.
The curriculum should be a balanced one.
The interests and aptitudes of the child
should be properly taken care of.
35. The teacher play an important role in the
educative process.
Learning through activity finds place in all
activity.
condemns repression.
Puts emphasis on self-discipline.
accepts activity as an important instrument
of learning.
Envisages correlation of various disciplines
of study.
Eclectic tendency considers teacher as a
friend, philosopher and a guide
36.
37. Man’s existence
Self knowledge
Freedom and responsibility
Man is not complete
No acceptance of readymade concepts
38. According to concise oxford dictionary,
humanism means “ a rationalistic outlook or
system of thought attaching prime
importance to human rather than divine or
supernatural matter.”
39. Humanism and social welfare
Humanism and materialism
Humanism and social values
Humanism and equality of all members
Humanism and coexistence of individuals
