Spreading knowledge about Leadership

1. LEADERSHIP
CONCEPT , STYLES AND
THEORIES

2. INTRODUCTION
 One of the important
function of management.
 Includes directing,
influencing and motivating
employees to perform.

3. DEFINITION
• “Leadership is the ability of a superior to
influence the behaviour of a subordinate or
group and persuade them to follow a particular
course of action.”
- Chester Bernard
• “Leadership is the lifting of a man’s vision to
higher sights, the raising of a man’s performance
to a higher standard, the building of a man’s
personality beyond its normal limitations.”
- Peter Drucker

4. MEANING
• The term Leadership means to lead people.
• It refers to the ability of one individual to
influence others.
• It is the art of motivating a group of people to act
towards achieving a common objectives.

5. LEADER
• One that leads or guides.
• One who has influencing power.
• One who is a Risk-taker.
• One who has a strong focus.

6. CHARACTERISTICS/ QUALITIES
• Followers
• Positive attitude
• Problem solving
• Risk taking behaviour
• Knowledgeable
• Strong determination
• Continuous process
• Power relationship

7. SIGNIFICANCE
• Goal- oriented
• Effective planning
• Motivating employees
• Building morale
• Creating confidence
• Developing team-work
• Co-ordination
• Initiates action

8. LEADERSHIP VS MANAGEMENT
“Management is doing things right,
Leadership is doing the right things”

9. LEADER VS MANAGER
Leader Manager
• Innovator
• Focus on people
• Influence
• Gives credit
• Proactive
• Wants achievement
• Takes risk
• Appeal to heart
• Believes in ‘we’ or ‘you’
• Develop
• Inspire
• Administrator
• Focus on things
• Organize
• Takes credit
• Reactive
• Wants results
• Minimizes risk
• Appeal to head
• Believes in ‘I’
• Maintain
• Control

10. LEADERSHIP STYLES
Autocratic
Democratic Laissez -
faire

12. AUTOCRATIC/AUTHORITARIAN
STYLE
• This style is used when leaders tell their
employees what they want them to do, and how
they want it accomplished, without getting
the advice of their team.
• It can be used when:-
i. You have all the information to solve the
problem,
ii. You are short on time, and
iii. Your employees are well- motivated.

13. DEMOCRATIC/ PARTICIPATIVE
STYLE
• This style involves the leader including one or
more employees in the decision- making
process (determining what to do and how to do
it). However, the leader maintains the final
decision making authority.
• Consultative
• Persuasive
• Weakness in information

14. LAISSEZ-FAIRE or FREE REIGN
STYLE
• In this style, the leader allows the employees to
make the decisions. However, the leader is still
responsible for the decisions that are made .
• This style is used when you have full trust and
confidence in the employees. – positive
• This style is also used to blame others when
things go wrong. – negative

15. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
Behavioural
Theory
Trait Theory Contingency
Theory
Path Goal
TheorySituational
Theory

16. TRAIT THEORY
• This theory differentiates leaders from non-
leaders by focusing on personality, social,
physical and intellectual traits.
• It assumes that leaders are born.

17. BEHAVIOURAL THEORY
• This theory is based on the belief that great
leaders are made, not born.
• People can learn to become leaders through
teaching and observation.
• This approach says that anyone who adopts the
appropriate behaviour can be a good leader.

18. MANAGERIAL GRID

19. CONTINGENCY THEORY
• Single leadership style is not applicable to all
situations.
• There is no best way to lead, to make decisions,
to organize instead, the optimal course of action
is dependent upon the internal and external
situations.
• Theories of contingency theory:-
a) Fiedler’s contingency model
b) Situational theory
c) Path goal theory

20. FIEDLER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL
• It assumes that group performance depends on:
1. Leader-member relations
2. Task structure
3. Position power

21. SITUATIONAL THEORY
• It is based on the maturity of the people they’re
leading and the details of the task.
• Identified 4 leadership styles based on readiness
of followers:-
1. Telling
2. Selling
3. Participating
4. Delegating

23. PATH GOAL THEORY
• The leader’s responsibility is to increase
subordinates motivation to attain personal and
organizational goal, for this he should adopt
certain leadership styles according to situations.