The document provides a history of operating systems from their early absence in 1940s computers through modern versions like Windows 7. It traces the evolution from batch processing systems in the 1950s to graphical user interfaces in Windows 95. The document also defines what an operating system is and describes common operating system features like program execution, interfaces, input/output handling, error handling, memory management, and process management. It concludes by listing several Windows operating systems from Windows 95 through Windows 7.
2. History of Operating System History of operating system is one of years of experimentation. Operating system was absent in the first commercial form of electronic computer launched in 1940's. Rows of mechanical switches were used to enter programs. At that time programming languages were not in use. Naturally there was hardly any idea about operating system. The next generation of computers was introduced in the early phase of 1950's. The earliest version of operating system was used by the General Motors Research Laboratories. IBM 701 was the first operating system equipped computer architecture. It was a major mark in the history of operating system. This type of computer system was known as batch processing system.
3. An operating system is a set of system software programs in a computer that regulate the ways application software programs use the computer hardware and ways that user control the computer.
4. The os provides certain Services to programs and to The users of the Programs. …..
11. Interface means communication or medium between user and computer to perform any kind of work by the computer. It is used to instruct the computer. The two main types to instruct the The computer are: GUI Graphic User Interface CUI Character User Interface
12. Handling Input/OutputOperations The os is responsible for handling various type of inputs and various types of outputs in the appropriate manner ..……. For instance if the input comes form mouse then it requires different type of handling as compared to input coming from keyboard……
13. Error Handling The Operating System is also responsible for the detection any type of error that occurs and then properly handling it………
14. Memory Management Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. In its simpler forms, this involves providing ways to allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and freeing it for reuse when no longer needed. The management of main memory is critical to the computer system.
15. Process Management Process management is an integral part of any modern day operating system. The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes. To meet these requirements, the OS must maintain a data structure for each process, which describes the state and resource ownership of that process and which enables the OS to exert control over each process. Great Answer Not Helpful Report
16. LIST OF OPERATING SYSTEMS Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows NT Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7
17. Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. It was released on August 24, 1995 by Microsoft[2], and was a significant progression from the company's previous Windows products. During development it was referred to as Windows 4.0 or by the internal codename Chicago. Windows 95 was intended to integrate Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products, however it is still considered an operating environment that sits over the DOS operating system. It features significant improvements over its
18. Windows 98 is a graphical operating system by Microsoft. It is the second major release in the Windows 9x line of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on May 15, 1998 and to retail on June 25, 1998. Windows 98 is the successor to Windows 95. Like its predecessor, it is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit[2] monolithic product with an MS-DOS based boot loader[3]. Windows 98 was ucceeded by Windows Me on September 14, 2000. Microsoft support for Windows 98 ended on July 11, 2006.
19. Windows 2000 Windows 2000 is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, business desktops, laptops, and servers. Released on 17 February 2000,[3] it was the successor to Windows NT 4.0, and is the final release of Microsoft Windows to display the "Windows NT" designation. It was succeeded by Windows XP for desktop systems in October 2001 and Windows Server 2003 for servers in April 2003. Windows Me was released only a few months after Windows 2000 and one year before Windows XP, but Windows Me was not intended to be, nor did it serve as the successor to Windows 2000. Windows Me is designed for home use, while Windows 2000 is designed for business.
20. WINDOWS XP Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. It was first released in August 2001, and is currently one of the most popular versions of Windows. The name "XP" is short for "eXPerience.” Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000 and Windows Me, and is the first consumer-oriented operating system produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel and architecture.
21. WINDOWS VISTA Windows Vista is an operating system expressed in several variations developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn." Development was completed on November 8, 2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide, and was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website. The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems.
22. WINDOWS 7 Windows 7 is a version of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, net books, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and reached general retail availability on October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time. Windows 7 will be succeeded by Windows 8, which has no release date as of yet.
