introduction of hydrology

1. THOUSANDS HAVE LIVED WITHOUT
LOVE ,
NOT ONE WITHOUT
W.H. AUDEN
PRESENTATION BY PARIMAL JHA
ASST PROFESSOR(civil engg)
SSIPMT RAIPUR

2. Students will be able to :
 Explain necessity of studying hydrology.
 Explain basic concepts of hydrology.
 Explain various paths of hydrological cycle.
 Identify the consumable resource of water.
 Explain practical applications of hydrology.

3. HYDRO = WATER LOGY = SCIENCE
HYDROLOGY MEANS THE SCIENCE OF WATER

4. OCCURENCE
DISTRIBUTION
CIRCULATION
STUDY OF HYDROLOGY ON BASIS OF WATER

5. SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY-
Ex- Every water except atmospheric and ground water
GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY(SUB SURFACE WATER)-
Ex- Water in wells & underground cavity water

7. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

8. COMPONENT VOLUME
1000 KM^3
% OF
TOTAL WATER
ATMOSPHERIC WATER 13 0.001
SURFACE WATER
•SALT WATER IN OCEANS
•SALT WATER IN LAKES
•FRESH WATER IN LAKES
•FRESH WATER IN STREAM
CHANNELS
•FRESH WATER IN ICE CAPS &
GLACERIES
•WATER IN BIOMASS
1320000
104
125
1.25
29000
50
97.2
0.008
0.009
0.0001
2.15
0.004
SUBSURFACE WATER
• WATER ABSORBED BY SOIL
•G/W WITH IN DEPTH OF 0.8 KM
•G/W WITH IN DEPH OF 0.8 TO 4 KM
67
4200
4200
0.005
0.31
0.31
TOTAL (ROUNDED) 1360000 100

9. 97
2 0.31 0.69
OCEAN WATER ICE CAP DEEPGROUND
WATER
FRESH WATER
% WATER AVAILABLE
0.69% of water = 4.374 10^6 km^3 water

10.  The quantities of water circulation through
individual paths in the hydrological cycle
in a given system can be described by
continuity principle also known as water
budget equation or hydrologic
equation
V1 - V0 = ∆s

11.  Applying continuity equation to the paths of
hydrological cycle involving change of state
P=Precipitation ∆S = ∆Ss + ∆Ssm + ∆Sg
R=Surface runoff ∆Ss =Change in standing volume of
water
G=Net ground water flow ∆Ssm =Change in ground water
volume of unsaturated zone
E=Evaporation ∆Sg =Change in ground water
volume of saturated zone
T=Transpiration
S=Surface water storage
P – R – G – E – T = ∆S

12.  DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE :
The design of any structure related to water
such as
Spillway, dam, culvert, highway bridge and
railway bridge etc may be considered to consist
of three parts-
(a) Hydrologic design (b) Hydraulic design
(c) Structural design

13. (a)Hydrologic Design-The Hydrologic design
deals with estimation of quantities of
water to be handled at the site of the
structure ;specifically
 Water distribution
 Time of occurrence
 Frequency of occurrence.
Hydrologic design involved in the design of
drainage and storm water facilities.

14. (b)Hydraulic design-Hydraulic design provides the
best suitable shape and section of the structure
according to quantity of water estimated.
(a) Hydraulic design-Hydraulic design provides the
best suitable shape and section of the structure
according to quantity of water estimated.

15. (c)Structural design-Structural design ensures the
stability and safety of the chosen section against
the water pressure and other pressure.

16.  Industrial & Municipal water supply

17.  Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation

18.  Hydro power-
Takato dam

19.  Flood control

20.  Erosion and sediment control-

21.  Navigation- hydrologic problems in
navigation projects require answers –
 How much water required to lock the gates.
 How much water required to maintain
minimum draft.
 What will be the effect of river on navigation
on different stages .

22.  Weather Forecasting -

23.  Necessity of studying hydrology.
 Basic concepts of hydrology.
 Various paths of hydrological cycle.
 Identify the consumable resource of water.
 Practical applications of hydrology.

24. ANY DOUBTS
?

25. THANKYOU