2. Q.1) Importance of Obstetrics and Gynecology nursing (Marks:-5)
• Ensuring healthy antenatal period followed by a safe normal delivery with a healthy
child and an uneventful post partum period.
• Prompt and efficient cares during obstetrical 4 emergencies also prevent so many of
complications.
• The importance of the obstetric and gynecology nursing are:
- Equip the nurse with the knowledge and understanding of the Anatomy and physiology
of reproductive organ be able to apply it in practice.
- With a good knowledge of obstetric drugs including, the effect of diseases their
Complications and know how to deal with them.
- Develop skills in carrying out antenatal care and be able to detect any abnormality,
recognize and prevent complications.
- Select high risk cases for hospital delivery and provide health education.
3. - Develop skills in supporting the women in labour, maintain proper
records, and deliver her safely and resuscitate her new born when
necessary.
- Be able to care for the mother and baby during the post partum period
and be able to identify abnormalities and help them to get-over it.
- Be able to educate them on care of the baby, immunization, family
guidance and family spacing.
- Be ready to offer advice to support the mother and understand her
problems as a mature, kind and helpful nurse.
4. Q.2) DESCRIBE FEMALE PELVIS (Marks:-5/8)
Covered topics in this ques
• Structure
• Figure
• Parts
• Joints
• Landmarks
• Diameters
• Ligaments
5. Structure:-
• The female pelvis is structurally adapted for child bearing and
delivery.
• There are four pelvic bones :-
- innominate or hip bones (2)
- Sacrum (1)
- Coccyx (1)
7. Each innominate bone is composed of three parts.
1. The ilium the large flared out part :-
2. The ischium the thick lower part :-
It has a large prominance known as the ischial tuberosity
on which the body rests when sitting. Behind and a little above the
tuberosity is an inward projection, the ischial spine. In labour the station
of the fetal head is estimated in relation to ischial spines.
3. The pubis :- The pubic bone forms the anterior part. The
space enclosed by the body of the pubic bone the rami and the ischium
is called the obturator foramen.
8. The sacrum
- Awedge shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae.
* The upper border of the first sacral vertebra is known
as the sacral promontary.
* The anterior surface of the 7 sacrum is concave and is
referred to as the hallow of the sacrum.
9. The coccyx
The coccyx is avestigial tail.
It consists of four fused vertebrae forming a small triangular bone.
10. JOINTS
• There are four pelvic joints –
- One Symphysis pubis
- Two Sacro illiac joint
- One Sacro coccygeal joint
- The symphysis pubis is a cartilgeous joint formed by junction
of the two pubic bones along the midline. ƒ
- The sacro iliac joints are the strongest joints in the body.
- The sacro coccygeal joint is formed where the base of the
coccyx articulates with the tip of the sacrum.
In non pregnant state there is very little movement in these joints but
during pregnancy endocrine activity causes the ligaments to soften which
allows the joints to give & provide more room for the fetal head as it passes
through the pelvis.
12. Pelvic ligaments
Each of the pelvic joints is held together by ligaments
- Interpubic ligaments at the symphysis pubis (1)
- Sacro iliac ligaments (2)
- Sacro coccygeal ligaments (1)
- Sacro tuberous ligament (2)
- Sacro spinous ligament (2)
